Rudolf Trenkel | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Born | Neudorf | 17 January 1918
Died | 26 April 2001 Vienna | (aged 83)
Allegiance | ![]() |
Service/ | Luftwaffe |
Rank | Hauptmann (captain) |
Commands | 2./JG 52 |
Battles/wars | World War II |
Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |
Rudolf Trenkel (17 January 1918 – 26 April 2001) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II. As a flying ace, he was credited with 138 victories and was a recipient of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.
Career
[edit]Trenkel served in Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) during the Battle of Britain. From February to June 1942, he was assigned to Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) only to be transferred back to JG 52 where he was assigned to 2. Staffel (2nd squadron). On 1 November 1943, Trenkel made a forced landing in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 140167—factory number) 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) north of Dzhankoi following combat with Ilyushin Il-2 ground attack and Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter aircraft.[1] In 1944, he was forced to bail out five times within ten days. On 14 July 1944, Trenkel was credited with his 100th aerial victory.[2] He was the 83rd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[3]
Squadron leader
[edit]On 15 August 1944, Trenkel was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of the recreated 2. Staffel of JG 52. The original 2. Staffel under the command of Oberleutnant Paul-Heinrich Dähne had been withdrawn from the Eastern Front and transferred west to fight in Defense of the Reich in early June 1944. There the Staffel was subordinated to III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 11 (JG 11—11th Fighter Wing) and later became the 12. Staffel of JG 11. Trenkel formed the new 2. Staffel of JG 52 at Kraków from 15 to 26 August.[4]
On 16 October 1944, JG 52 lost six aircraft in combat with the French Armée de l'Air Normandie-Niemen fighter regiment serving on the Eastern Front. One of the pilots shot down was Trenkel who survived by bailing out.[5]
Trenkel and other soldiers of JG 52 surrendered to the 90th US Infantry Division near Písek on 8 May 1945 and became a prisoner of war (POW). The soldiers were initially interned at a POW camp at Strakonice where on 14 May, Trenkel married his fiancé Ida Sehnal who was among the civilian refuges. The wedding ceremony was held by Oberst Hermann Graf. The witnesses to the wedding were Major Adolf Borchers and Hauptmann Erich Hartmann. On 15 May, Trenkel and most of the JG 52 personnel were handed over by the American forces to the Soviet Union.[6]
Summary of career
[edit]Aerial victory claims
[edit]According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Trenkel was credited with 138 aerial victories.[7] Spick also lists Trenkel with 138 aerial victories claimed in over 500 combat missions, all but one on the Eastern Front.[8] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 138 aerial victory claims, plus three further unconfirmed claims. This figure includes 131 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and one Western Allies four-engined bomber.[9]
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 59191". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[10]
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Trenkel an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Trenkel did not receive credit.
This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Balke, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
| |||||||||
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[11] Eastern Front — March 1942 | |||||||||
1 | 26 March 1942 | 15:02 | I-153 | ||||||
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[11] Eastern Front — June 1942 | |||||||||
2 | 2 June 1942 | 12:37 | I-16[12] | 3 | 22 June 1942 | 11:58 | Yak-1[12] | ||
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[13] 19 May 1942 – 3 February 1943 | |||||||||
4 | 29 June 1942 | 18:15 | MiG-3[14] | 21 | 2 November 1942 | 10:32 | R-5 | PQ 59191[15] | |
5 | 1 July 1942 | 14:23 | MiG-3[14] | 22 | 2 November 1942 | 10:33?[Note 1] | R-5 | PQ 59191[17] | |
6 | 12 July 1942 | 10:50 | LaGG-3[18] | 23 | 30 November 1942 | 07:15 | U-2 | PQ 01242[17] | |
— [Note 2]
|
4 August 1942 | —
|
LaGG-3 | 24 | 11 December 1942 | 11:10 | R-5 | PQ 01563[17] | |
— [Note 2]
|
8 August 1942 | —
|
Pe-2 | 25♠[Note 3] | 17 December 1942 | —
|
Il-2[17] | ||
— [Note 2]
|
12 August 1942 | —
|
Yak-1 | 26♠[Note 3] | 17 December 1942 | —
|
Il-2[17] | ||
7 | 27 August 1942 | 14:23 | LaGG-3 | PQ 46332[19] west of Dzhankoi |
27♠[Note 3] | 17 December 1942 | —
|
Il-2[17] | |
8 | 2 September 1942 | 08:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 46253[19] | 28♠[Note 3] | 17 December 1942 | —
|
Il-2[17] | |
9 | 2 September 1942 | 13:00 | LaGG-3 | 4 km (2.5 mi) northwest of Karmanovo[19] | 29♠[Note 3] | 17 December 1942 | —
|
Il-2[17] | |
10 | 10 September 1942 | 12:13 | Il-2 | PQ 47763[20] north of Taganaja |
30♠[Note 3] | 17 December 1942 | —
|
Il-2[17] | |
11 | 2 October 1942 | 11:44 | Il-2 | PQ 49294[21] 40 km (25 mi) east of Stalingrad |
31 | 21 December 1942 | 13:40 | Il-2 | PQ 01571[17] |
12 | 9 October 1942 | 12:50 | Il-2 | PQ 49124[21] 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Stalingrad |
32 | 21 December 1942 | 13:42 | Il-2 | PQ 01583[17] |
13 | 9 October 1942 | 12:55 | Il-2 | PQ 49122[21] vicinity of Grebenka |
33 | 21 December 1942 | 13:43 | Il-2 | 12 km (7.5 mi) east of Kasinko[17] |
14 | 11 October 1942 | 06:27 | Il-2 | PQ 49122[21] 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Gumrak |
34 | 21 December 1942 | 13:44 | Il-2 | 12 km (7.5 mi) east of Kasinko[17] |
15 | 26 October 1942 | 14:04 | Il-2 | PQ 49361[15] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Stalingrad |
35 | 27 December 1942 | 06:58 | Pe-2 | PQ 01754[17] |
16 | 26 October 1942 | 14:09 | Il-2 | PQ 49362[15] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Stalingrad |
36 | 29 December 1942 | 09:35 | LaGG-3 | PQ 00314[17] |
17 | 26 October 1942 | 14:11 | Il-2 | PQ 49382[15] 25 km (16 mi) south of Bassargino |
37 | 29 December 1942 | 12:18 | La-5 | PQ 01411[17] |
18 | 27 October 1942 | 08:35 | Il-2 | PQ 49124[15] 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Stalingrad |
38 | 26 January 1943 | 12:30 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 72234[22] |
19 | 27 October 1942 | 16:21 | La-5 | PQ 49412[15] 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Stalingrad |
39 | 29 January 1943 | 09:15 | Il-2 | PQ 73752[22] |
20 | 29 October 1942 | 11:28 | LaGG-3 | PQ 49282[15] 20–30 km (12–19 mi) east of Stalingrad |
40 | 29 January 1943 | 09:17 | Il-2 | PQ 73733[22] |
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[13] Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943 | |||||||||
41 | 26 March 1943 | 15:25 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 81742[23] 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Urazovo |
70 | 30 May 1943 | 15:35 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 85141, 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Krymskaja[24] east of Krymsk |
42 | 27 March 1943 | 16:02 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 62721[23] | 71 | 31 May 1943 | 08:12 | Spitfire | PQ 34 Ost 86744[24] vicinity of Trojzkaja |
43 | 28 March 1943 | 10:20 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 71851[23] 25 km (16 mi) west-southwest of Valuyki |
72 | 31 May 1943 | 11:09 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 75232, north of Krymskaja[24] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Krasnyi Lyman |
44 | 9 April 1943 | 08:55 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 86574[25] northwest of Sslaeanskaja |
73 | 2 June 1943 | 04:43 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 85112, north of Krymskaja[24] north of Mertschanskaja |
45 | 11 April 1943 | 12:35 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 86782[25] north of Mingrelskaya |
74 | 2 June 1943 | 13:27 | Pe-2 | PQ 34 Ost 85112, north of Krymskaja[24] north of Mertschanskaja |
46♠ | 16 April 1943 | 07:31?[Note 5] | LaGG-3 | vicinity of Cholmskaja[25] | 75 | 2 June 1943 | 13:28 | Pe-2 | PQ 34 Ost 85121[24] vicinity of Sswobodnyj |
47♠ | 16 April 1943 | 10:50 | LaGG-3 | east of Krymskaja[25] southeast of Tscherkassowski |
76 | 2 June 1943 | 17:52 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 75234, 2 km (1.2 mi) west of Krymskaja[26] vicinity of Krymsk |
48♠ | 16 April 1943 | 10:54?[Note 6] | LaGG-3 | east of Krymskaja[25] | 77 | 13 October 1943 | 10:15 | Yak-9 | PQ 34 Ost 58152, 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Zaporizhia[27] northeast of Zaporizhia |
49♠ | 16 April 1943 | 11:00 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 8519, 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Achtyrskaja[25] | 78 | 13 October 1943 | 10:17 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 34 Ost 58153, 1 km (0.62 mi) east of Zaporizhia[27] northeast of Zaporizhia |
50♠ | 16 April 1943 | 11:46 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 76762[25] vicinity of Bolschoj Rasnokol |
79 | 13 October 1943 | 10:18 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 58154, 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Zaporizhia[27] northeast of Zaporizhia |
51 | 17 April 1943 | 11:10 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 7546[25] southeast of Novorossiysk |
80 | 14 October 1943 | 05:19 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 34 Ost 58152, northeast of Zaporizhia[27] northeast of Zaporizhia |
52 | 26 April 1943 | 14:01 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 85722[25] vicinity of Sswobodnyj |
81 | 14 October 1943 | 11:50 | Yak-9 | PQ 34 Ost 58192[27] 15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Zaporizhia |
53 | 26 April 1943 | 14:04 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 85761[25] vicinity of Nowenjkij |
82 | 15 October 1943 | 05:55 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 58153, east of Zaporizhia[27] northeast of Zaporizhia |
54 | 29 April 1943 | 10:02 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 61394[25] 20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Bely Kolodez |
83 | 15 October 1943 | 10:35 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 58131[27] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Zaporizhia |
55 | 7 May 1943 | 04:22 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 71714[25] vicinity of Bely Kolodez |
84 | 15 October 1943 | 13:58 | Pe-2 | PQ 34 Ost 58351[27] 20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Zaporizhia |
56 | 7 May 1943 | 18:19 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 61723, vicinity of Bely Kolodez[25] 20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Zolochev |
85 | 22 October 1943 | 06:34 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 34 Ost 58534[27] vicinity of Wassilijewka |
57 | 7 May 1943 | 18:21 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 60131, vicinity of Bely Kolodez[25] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Kharkov |
86 | 22 October 1943 | 06:36 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 34 Ost 58563[27] Kalinowka |
58 | 7 May 1943 | 18:24 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 60212, 20 km (12 mi) north of Chuhuiv[25] 25 km (16 mi) east of Kharkov |
87 | 22 October 1943 | 14:55 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 34 Ost 58361[27] 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Zaporizhia |
59 | 9 May 1943 | 06:25 | MiG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 98872[24] 25 km (16 mi) west-southwest of Azov |
88♠ | 23 October 1943 | 12:05 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 59744[28] 30 km (19 mi) north of Zaporizhia |
60 | 9 May 1943 | 12:30 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 98731[24] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Azov |
89♠ | 23 October 1943 | 12:07 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 34 Ost 59743[28] 30 km (19 mi) north of Zaporizhia |
61 | 11 May 1943 | 18:05 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 61495[24] 25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Belgorod |
90♠ | 23 October 1943 | 14:02 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 59753[28] 35 km (22 mi) north-northeast of Zaporizhia |
62 | 23 May 1943 | 04:50 | MBR-2 | PQ 34 Ost 85594[24] Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik |
91♠ | 23 October 1943 | 15:21 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 34 Ost 59751, 35 km (22 mi) north-northeast of Zaporizhia[28] |
63 | 24 May 1943 | 16:52 | Boston | PQ 34 Ost 86822[24] east of Woronowskaja |
92♠ | 23 October 1943 | 15:24 | Il-2 | PQ 59754 35 km (22 mi) north-northeast of Zaporizhia[28] |
64 | 26 May 1943 | 05:11 | Boston | PQ 34 Ost 85123, 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Abinskaja[24] east of Mertschanskaja |
93 | 24 October 1943 | 15:20 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 34 Ost 57152[28] 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of Melitopol |
65 | 26 May 1943 | 05:16 | Pe-2 | PQ 34 Ost 85172, 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Abinskaja[24] southwest of Abinsk |
94 | 27 October 1943 | 06:10 | La-5 | PQ 34 Ost 57773[28] 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Fedorowka |
66 | 26 May 1943 | 09:42 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 85144[24] vicinity of Abinsk |
95 | 27 October 1943 | 06:15 | Yak-9 | PQ 34 Ost 57744[28] 20 km (12 mi) west of Melitopol |
67 | 30 May 1943 | 15:28 | Pe-2 | PQ 34 Ost 75262, 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Krymskaja[24] south of Krymsk |
96 | 28 October 1943 | 08:05 | Yak-9 | PQ 34 Ost 47332[28]10 km (6.2 mi) west of Ivanovka |
68 | 30 May 1943 | 15:30 | Pe-2 | PQ 34 Ost 76892, east of Kijewskoje[24] Sea of Azov, 30 km (19 mi) east-southeast of Mariupol |
97 | 28 October 1943 | 10:58 | Yak-9 | PQ 34 Ost 47328[28] northeast of Agaiman |
69 | 30 May 1943 | 15:31 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 34 Ost 75234, 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Krymskaja[24] vicinity of Krymsk |
98 | 1 November 1943 | 10:15 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 34 Ost 66731[28] east of Elitgen |
– I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[29] Eastern Front — July 1944 | |||||||||
99 | 13 July 1944 | 17:35 | La-5 | PQ 25 Ost 51711[30] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Brody |
107 | 18 July 1944 | 20:05 | Yak-7 | PQ 25 Ost 42851[30] 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Kobryn |
100 | 14 July 1944 | 05:35 | P-39 | PQ 25 Ost 51524[30] 30 km (19 mi) south of Lutsk |
108♠ | 19 July 1944 | 13:40 | Yak-7 | PQ 25 Ost 42573[30] 25 km (16 mi) west-northwest of Liuboml |
101 | 14 July 1944 | 17:55 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 25 Ost 50189[30] 25 km (16 mi) east of Zolochiv |
109♠ | 19 July 1944 | 16:44 | P-39 | PQ 25 Ost 32699[30] 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Chełm |
102 | 15 July 1944 | 15:14 | Yak-7 | PQ 25 Ost 51548[30] 30 km (19 mi) north of Brody |
110♠ | 19 July 1944 | 16:49 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 25 Ost 42713[30] vicinity of Liuboml |
103 | 15 July 1944 | 16:58 | Yak-7 | PQ 25 Ost 41414[30] 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Włodzimierz |
111♠ | 19 July 1944 | 19:48 | Yak-7 | PQ 25 Ost 42777[30] 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Włodzimierz |
104 | 15 July 1944 | 17:05 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 41447[30] 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Włodzimierz |
112♠ | 19 July 1944 | 19:50 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 25 Ost 42767[30] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Liuboml |
105 | 16 July 1944 | 17:45 | P-39 | PQ 25 Ost 51575[30] 20 km (12 mi) north of Brody |
113 | 21 July 1944 | 15:42?[Note 7] | P-39 | PQ 25 Ost 40432[31] 20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Lviv |
106 | 17 July 1944 | 18:05 | P-39 | PQ 25 Ost 41796[30] 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Busk |
|||||
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[32] Eastern Front — September 1944 – April 1945 | |||||||||
114 | 12 September 1944 | 16:10 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 10361[33] 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Jasło |
127♠ | 15 October 1944 | 14:11 | Boston | PQ 25 Ost 13347[34] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Pristina |
115 | 12 September 1944 | 16:12 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 10391[33] 20 km (12 mi) south of Jasło |
128 | 16 October 1944 | 10:45 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 25 Ost 13154[34] 30 km (19 mi) south of Pristina |
116 | 13 September 1944 | 11:35?[Note 8] | B-17 | PQ 15 Ost 90452[33] 35 km (22 mi) southwest of Kraków |
129 | 16 October 1944 | 13:05 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]?[Note 9] | PQ 25 Ost 13126[34] 20 km (12 mi) east-northeast of Trepca |
117 | 21 September 1944 | 15:32 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 10696[33] 35 km (22 mi) south-southwest of Sanok |
130 | 17 October 1944 | 08:00 | Pe-2 | PQ 25 Ost 25444[34] 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Turnu Severin |
118 | 21 September 1944 | 17:54 | La-5 | PQ 25 Ost 10665[33] 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Sanok |
131 | 27 October 1944 | 15:10 | Yak-3 | PQ 25 Ost 25583[35] 25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Majdanpek |
119 | 22 September 1944 | 11:30 | Yak-4 | PQ 25 Ost 10835[33] | 132 | 27 October 1944 | 15:13 | Yak-3 | PQ 25 Ost 25581[35] |
120 | 22 September 1944 | 11:33 | Yak-4 | PQ 25 Ost 10862[33] 45 km (28 mi) southwest of Sanok |
133 | 16 February 1945 | 10:45 | Il-2[36] | |
121 | 14 October 1944 | 14:41 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13143[34] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Trepca |
134 | 19 February 1945 | 15:10 | Pe-2[36] | |
122♠ | 15 October 1944 | 08:15 | Yak-9 | PQ 25 Ost 13345[34] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Pristina |
135 | 19 February 1945 | 15:15 | Pe-2[36] | |
123♠ | 15 October 1944 | 08:17 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 25 Ost 13348[34] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Pristina |
136 | 20 February 1945 | 13:05 | Yak-9[36] | |
124♠ | 15 October 1944 | 10:21 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 25 Ost 13344[34] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Pristina |
137 | 25 February 1945 | 16:05 | Yak-9[36] | |
125♠ | 15 October 1944 | 10:24 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 25 Ost 13342[34] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Pristina |
138 | 11 March 1945 | —
|
Yak-9[36] | |
126♠ | 15 October 1944 | 10:26 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 4] | PQ 25 Ost 13376[34] 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Pristina |
Awards
[edit]- Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class[37]
- Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 1 February 1943 as Feldwebel and pilot[38][Note 10]
- German Cross in Gold on 15 January 1943 as Feldwebel in the 2./Jagdgeschwader 52[40]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 19 August 1943 as Oberfeldwebel and pilot in the 2./Jagdgeschwader 52[41][42]
Notes
[edit]- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 10:33.[16]
- ^ a b c This unconfirmed claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[18]
- ^ a b c d e f This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[16]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 07:38 over the Black Sea, southeast of Gelendzhik.[16]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 07:39 over the Black Sea, southeast of Gelendzhik.[16]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:45.[29]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:54.[29]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Lavochkin La-5.[29]
- ^ According to Obermaier on 11 December 1942.[39]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 299.
- ^ Page 2020, p. 92.
- ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 244.
- ^ Schreier 1990, pp. 135, 144, 187.
- ^ Bergström 2008, p. 85.
- ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, pp. 259–260.
- ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 329.
- ^ Spick 1996, p. 229.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1335–1338.
- ^ Planquadrat.
- ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1335.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 390.
- ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1335–1336.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 430.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 437.
- ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1336.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Prien et al. 2006, p. 438.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 433.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 434.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 435.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2006, p. 436.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 439.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 282.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Prien et al. 2012, p. 284.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Prien et al. 2012, p. 283.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 285.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Prien et al. 2012, p. 291.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Prien et al. 2012, p. 292.
- ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1337.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Prien et al. 2022, p. 76.
- ^ Prien et al. 2022, p. 77.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1337–1338.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2022, p. 79.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prien et al. 2022, p. 80.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2022, p. 81.
- ^ a b c d e f Barbas 2006, p. 423.
- ^ Dixon 2023, p. 30.
- ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 206.
- ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 217.
- ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 479.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 52.
- ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 750.
Bibliography
[edit]- Barbas, Bernd (2006). Die Geschichte der I. Gruppe des Jagdgeschwaders 52 [The History of 1st Group of Fighter Wing 52] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-79-3.
- Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
- Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2003). Graf & Grislawski – A Pair of Aces. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. ISBN 978-0-9721060-4-7.
- Bergström, Christer [in Swedish] (2008). Bagration to Berlin—The Final Air Battles in the East: 1944–1945. Burgess Hill: Classic Publications. ISBN 978-1-903223-91-8.
- Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-39903-073-1.
- Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
- Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 4 S–Z. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-21-9.
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