| Tirumurai | |
| The twelve volumes of Tamil Shaivite hymns of the sixty-three Nayanars | |
| 1, 2, 3. Tirukadaikkappu | Campantar |
|---|---|
| 4, 5, 6. Tevaram | Appar |
| 7. Tirupaatu | Cuntarar |
| 8. Tiruvacakam and Tirukkovaiyar | Manikkavacakar |
| 9. Tiruvisaippa & Tiruppallaandu | Various poets |
| 10. Tirumandhiram | Tirumular |
| 11. Prabandham | Various poets |
| 12. Periya Puranam | Sekkizhar |
The Tevaram (Tamil: தேவாரம் Teva means "God", aram means "garland"[1]) denotes the first seven volumes of the Tirumurai, the twelve-volume collection of Tamil Saivite devotional poetry. All seven volumes are dedicated to the works of the three most prominent Tamil poets (known as Nayanars) - Campantar (or Sambanthar etc.), Appar and Cuntarar (also Sundarar etc.). Appar and Sambanthar lived around the 7th century, while Sundarar lived in the 8th century. During the Pallava period these three travelled extensively around Tamil Nadu offering discourses and songs characterised by an emotional devotion to Shiva and objections to Vaishnavism, Jainism and Buddhism.[2]
In the tenth Century AD, during the reign of Rajaraja Chola I, a collection of these songs was found abandoned in the Chidambaram temple, along with other religious literary works, and collated by Nambiyandar Nambi.
All the songs in the Tevaram (called pathikam in Tamil) are believed to be in sets of ten. The hymns were set to music denoted by Panns and are part of the canon of the Tamil music. They continue to be part of temple liturgy today.[3][4]
[edit] References
- ^ "Classical Notes: Musical people". The Hindu. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2000/12/02/stories/13021103.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-10.
- ^ N.Subramaniam (1975). Social and Cultural History of Tamilnad (to AD 1336). Ennes Publication Udumalpet 642 128.
- ^ "Glossary". TempleNet. http://www.templenet.com/glossary3.html. Retrieved 2007-01-10.
- ^ "Abodes of Shiva". Indiantemples.com. http://www.indiantemples.com/abode_initial.html. Retrieved 2007-01-10.
[edit] External links
- "Carnatic music" (15 ed.). 2005.
- Similar in both spirit and intonation
- Classical Notes: Musical people
- The Authenticity of Sthala Puranas (HinduDharma: Puranas)
- The poetic charm of Tamizh isai
- Tevaram Songs
- Dharmapuram Adhinam's web site giving the transliteration / translation of the 12 Tirumurais
- Digital Tevaram, an Indology CD released by the French Institute of Pondicherry, has the English translation of all Tevarams (1 to 7 Tirumurais)
- Digital Tevaram compiled by the French Institute of Pondicherry