Grey/Gray
— Common connotations —
depression, boredom, neutrality, undefinedness, old age, contentment and speed
— Colour coordinates —
Hex triplet		#808080
sRGBB	(r, g, b)	(128, 128, 128)
HSV	(h, s, v)	(--°, 0%, 50%)
Source		HTML/CSS[1]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Grey (also spelled gray in the United States, see spelling differences) describes the colours ranging from black to white. These, including white and black, are known as achromatic colours or neutral colours.

Complementary colours are defined to mix to grey, either additively or subtractively, and many colour models place complements opposite each other in a colour wheel. To produce grey in RGB displays, the R, G, and B primary light sources are combined in proportions equal to that of the white point. In four-colour printing, greys are produced either by the black channel, or by an approximately equal combination of CMY primaries. Images which consist wholly of neutral colours are called monochrome, black-and-white or greyscale.

The first recorded use of grey as a colour name in the English language was in AD 700.^[2]

Contents 1 In colour theory 2 Web colours 3 Colour coordinates 4 In nature 5 In popular culture 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

[edit] In colour theory

Most grey pigments have a cool or warm cast to them, as the human eye can detect even a minute amount of saturation.^{[citation needed]} Yellow, orange, and red create a "warm grey". Green, blue, and violet create a "cool grey".^[3] When there is no cast at all, it is referred to as "neutral grey", "achromatic grey" or simply "grey".

Warm grey	Cool grey
Mixed with 6% yellow.	Mixed with 6% blue.

Two colours are called complementary colours if grey is produced when they are combined(in the light spectrum, but as in art it produces brown with paints usually). Grey is its own complement. Consequently, grey remains grey when its colour spectrum is inverted, and so has no opposite, or alternately is its own opposite.

[edit] Web colours

There are several tones of grey available for use with HTML and CSS in word form, while there are 254 true greys available through Hex triplet. All are spelled with an a: using the e spelling can cause unexpected errors (this spelling was inherited from the X11 colour list), and to this day, Internet Explorer's Trident browser engine does not recognize "grey" and will render it as green. Another anomaly is that "gray" is in fact much darker than the X11 colour marked "darkgray"; this is because of a conflict with the original HTML grey and the X11 grey, which is closer to HTML's "silver". The three "slategray" colours are not themselves on the greyscale, but are slightly saturated towards cyan (green + blue). Note that since there are an even (256, including black and white) number of unsaturated tones of grey, there are actually two grey tones straddling the midpoint in the 8-bit greyscale. The colour name "gray" has been assigned the lighter of the two shades (128 also known as #808080), due to rounding up.

HTML Colour Name Sample Hex triplet (rendered by name) (rendered by hex triplet) lightgray #D3D3D3 gray #808080 darkgray #A9A9A9 dimgray #696969 lightslategray #778899 slategray #708090 darkslategray #2F4F4F

[edit] Colour coordinates

RGB

Grey values result when r = g = b, for the colour (r, g, b)

CMYK

Grey values are produced by c = m = y = 0, for the colour (c, m, y, k). Lightness is adjusted by varying k. In theory, any mixture where c = m = y is neutral, but in practice such mixtures are often a muddy brown (see discussion on this topic).

HSL and HSV 

Greys result whenever s is 0 or undefined, as is the case when v is 0 or l is 0 or 1

[edit] In nature

Birds

• The Grey Peacock-pheasant is the unofficial national bird of Myanmar.

Mammals

• The grey wolf is the largest wild member of the Canidae family.
• A grey horse has dark skin and a coat colour that is dark at birth and gradually silvers with age until the hair coat is completely white, but the skin remains dark.
• The grey whale is a whale that travels between feeding and breeding grounds yearly.
• The grey seal is a large seal of the family Phocidae or "true seals".
• Grey langurs or Hanuman langurs, the most widespread langur of South Asia, are a group of Old World monkeys constituting the entirety of the genus Semnopithecus.

[edit] In popular culture

Ethics

• In a moral sense, grey is either used
  • to describe situations that have no clear moral value, or
  • positively to balance an all-black or all-white view (for example, shades of grey represent magnitudes of good and bad).

Folklore

• In folklore, grey is often associated with goblin folk of several kinds. Scandinavian folklore often depicts their gnomes and nisser in grey clothing. This is partly because of their association with dusk, partly because these races, including elves, often are outside moral standards (black or white).

Gerontology

• The colour grey is often associated with aging or the passage of time, likely due in part to the decreased pigment-production of hair follicles in time, corresponding to the greying of human hair.^[4] In this context, grey is often used synonymously with "elderly", as in "the grey pound" or "grey power" (when referring to the economic or social influence of the elderly), or as used by groups such as the Gray Panthers.

Journalism

• "The Gray Lady" is the nickname of The New York Times.

Military

• In the American Civil War, Confederate Army uniforms were grey, and the war was sometimes called "The Blue and the Gray".
• The military of Germany used a green-grey shade called feldgrau from 1907 until 1945. The army of East Germany used it until 1990.

Mythology

• The goddess Athena was described as having bluish grey (Greek: γλαυκός, glaukós, literally "owl-like") eyes, hence her epithet γλαυκῶπις, glaukōpis, "owl-eyed".

Nanotechnology

• Grey goo is a hypothetical end of civilization scenario, involving molecular nanotechnology in which out-of-control self-replicating robots consume all living matter on Earth while building more of themselves (a scenario known as ecophagy).^[5]

Politics

• Martin Bormann was called the grey eminence because, as the executive secretary to Adolf Hitler, he amassed great power behind the scene, because he was the one who controlled access to the Führer.^[6]
• The National Renaissance Party was an American neo-fascist group led by James Hartung Madole. The party was active from 1949 to 1979. The members of the party were also known as the gray shirts.^[7]
• Stalin was known as the "grey blur".

Sound engineering

• Grey noise is random noise subjected to a psychoacoustic equal loudness curve (such as an inverted A-weighting curve) over a given range of frequencies, giving the listener the perception that it is equally loud at all frequencies.

Sports

• Baseball uniforms used for away games are often grey. This came about because in the 19th and early 20th century, away teams did not normally have access to laundry facilities on the road, thus stains were not noticeable on the darker grey uniforms as opposed to the white uniforms worn by the home team.
• Grey is one of the colours used by the Georgetown Hoyas, the Ohio State Buckeyes, the New York Giants and the Phoenix Suns.

Symbolic language

• In France, to be "grey" (être gris) means to be drunk. Accordingly, to be extremely drunk is to be "black" (être noir)^{[citation needed]}.
• In the U.S., the college slang verb to gray was used around 1900 to mean to get drunk.^[8]

UFOs

• In popular UFO conspiracy theory and in science-fiction, intelligent alien humanoids, are often referred to as greys.

[edit] See also

• Black-and-white
• Davy's grey
• Grisaille
• Payne's grey
• List of colours

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Three computational biologists’ theory to explain how humans perceive achromatic colours:
• Chart showing a comparison of the achromatic (grayscale) values of the colours on the RYB and RGB colour wheels, respectively (the chart is halfway down the webpage):

v · d · eColor topics Color perception Color vision · Color blindness · Visible spectrum · Color constancy · Color term · Color theory · Complementary color Color space Hue · Lightness · Colorfulness · Additive color · Subtractive color · Primary color · Secondary color · Tertiary color Basic colors White · Grey · Black · Red · Yellow · Green · Blue · Purple · Orange · Brown · Pink · Turquoise

v · d · e Web colours
black	gray	silver	white	maroon	red	purple	fuchsia	green	lime	olive	yellow	navy	blue	teal	aqua

v · d · e Shades of grey
Grey	Arsenic	Ash grey	Battleship grey	Bistre	Black	Cadet grey	Charcoal	Cinereous	Cool grey
Davy's grey	Feldgrau	Glaucous	Isabelline	Liver	Payne's grey	Platinum	Seal brown	Silver	Slate grey
Taupe	Purple taupe	Medium taupe	Taupe grey	Pale taupe	Rose quartz	White	Xanadu
The samples shown above are only indicative.