The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in France (numbers may be approximate):
Celtic Gaul
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Cenabum massacre | 53 BC | Cenabum | Unknown | Carnutes | Carnutes massacre Roman civilians and soldiers |
2nd Cenabum massacre | 53 BC | Cenabum | Unknown | Roman army | Julius Caesar's soldiers massacre the population of Cenabum. |
Siege of Avaricum | 52 BC | Avaricum | 39,200 | Roman army | Julius Caesar's soldiers massacre the population of Avaricum. |
Roman Gaul
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sack of Metz | 7 April 451 | Metz | Unknown | Huns | City sacked and burned and all inhabitants killed by Hun troops under Attila |
Merovingian Francia
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vienne massacre | 501 | Vienne | Unknown | Forces of Gundobad and Godegisel | Townspeople slaughtered during battle between competing Burgundian factions. Hostile Gallo-Roman senators and Godegisel's supporters executed by Gundobad's troops. |
Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges massacre | 585 | Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges | Unknown | Kingdom of Orléans | All inhabitants, including priests, put to the sword by royal troops of Guntram |
Carolingian Francia
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Siege of Clermont (761) | 761 | Clermont | Unknown | Royal Frankish Army | Men, women and children burned alive by Frankish army of King Pepin the Short.[1] |
Sack of Nantes | 24 June 843 | Nantes | Unknown | Vikings | Town population and monks massacred and burned alive in a church by raiding Vikings. Others captured as slaves. |
Marmoutier massacre | 853 | Marmoutier Abbey | 126 | Vikings | 126 monks killed by Vikings. 20 survivors escaped. |
Capetian France
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Orléans heresy | 28 December 1022 | Orléans | 10–20 | Robert II the Pious | 10–20 priests, nuns and lay people burned at the stake on orders of King Robert II of France |
Rouen massacre | September 1096 | Rouen | Unknown | Crusaders | Jews of Rouen rounded up in the synagogue and systematically massacred by Crusaders |
Tournai-sur-Dive massacre | 1105 | Tournai-sur-Dive | 45 | Troops of Robert of Bellême | 45 people burned alive in a church by forces of Robert of Bellême |
Bougy-sur-Risle massacre | 1136 | Romilly-la-Puthenaye | Unknown | Troops of Waleran and Robert de Beaumont | Men and women burned alive in a church by forces of Waleran and Robert de Beaumont |
Vitry massacre | 1142 | Vitry-en-Perthois | 1,300 | Royal Army | 1,300 people burned alive in a church by forces of King Louis VII of France |
Ham massacre | 1143 | Ham | 150 | Unknown | 150 Jews massacred |
Vézelay massacre | 1167 | Vézelay | 7 | Abbot of Vézelay | Seven Burgundian Cathars burned at the stake |
Blois massacre | 26 May 1171 | Blois | 31 | Soldiers of Theobald V, Count of Blois | 31 Jews, including 17 women, locked in and burned alive in a house by Theobald V, Count of Blois on accusations of blood libel |
Bray-sur-Seine massacre | 18 March 1192 | Bray-sur-Seine | 80 | Royal Army | 80 Jews burned by French troops, acting on command of King Philip II of France |
Massacre at Béziers | 22 July 1209 | Béziers | 20,000 | Crusaders | First major military action of the Albigensian Crusade.[2] |
Siege of Minerve | 22 July 1210 | Minerve | 140 | Crusaders | Cathars burned at the stake by Crusaders. |
Alayrac massacre | 1210 | Alayrac | Unknown | Crusaders | Stronghold garrison captured and massacred by Crusaders[3] |
Lavaur massacre | 3 May 1211 | Lavaur | 480 | Crusaders | 80 knights hanged and stabbed to death, 400 Cathars burned by Crusaders |
Les Cassés massacre | 20 May 1211 | Les Cassés | 60–94 | Crusaders | 60–94 Cathars burned alive by Simon de Montfort's Crusaders[4] |
Saint Marcel massacre | 12 May 1212 | Saint–Marcel | 28 | Crusaders | 28 male civilians killed or drowned by Crusaders |
Lavelanet massacre | 1212 | Lavelanet | Unknown | Crusaders | Inhabitants put to the sword by Crusader forces under Guy de Montfort, Lord of Sidon |
Moissac massacre | 8 September 1212 | Moissac | 300 | Crusaders | 300 garrison soldiers executed without trial by Crusaders |
Pujol massacre | May 1213 | Sainte-Foy-d'Aigrefeuille | 60 | Toulousain militia | 60 Crusaders killed in Pujol Castle by mob of soldiers under Roger-Bernard |
Casseneuil massacre | 18 August 1214 | Casseneuil | Unknown | Crusaders | Population and garrison massacred |
Massacre at Marmande | 10 June 1219 | Marmande | 5,000 | Royal Army | All men, women and children in the town killed with swords and the town razed and burned to the ground by royal army under prince Louis.[5] |
Labécède massacre | 1227 | Labécède | Unknown | Crusaders | Men killed and Cathar Perfect burnt to death by Crusader forces of Humbert V de Beaujeu |
Moissac massacre | 1234 | Moissac | 210 | Papal Inquisition | 210 Cathars burned at the stake by Inquisitors William Arnald and Peter Seila |
Jewish massacres | July 1236 | Poitou, Anjou and Brittany | 2,500–3,000 | Crusaders | Jews killed by Crusaders |
Montwimer massacre | 29 May 1239 | Montwimer | 183 | Papal Inquisition/Crusaders | 183 Cathars burned at the stake by Robert le Bougre and Thibaut IV of Champagne |
Carcassonne massacre | 8 September 1240 | Carcassonne | 33 | Army of Raymond II Trencavel | 33 clerics massacred by forces of Trencavel after being promised safe passage from the besieged city. |
Avignonet massacre | 28 May 1242 | Avignonet | 11 | Cathars | Two Inquisitors and their nine followers massacred in their sleep by Cathar rebels under Pierre-Roger de Mirepoix |
Siege of Montségur | 16 March 1244 | Château de Montségur | 210–215 | Royal Army | Cathars burned in a bonfire by the Royal Army. |
Agen massacre | 1249 | Agen | 80 | Papal Inquisition | 80 heretics burned at the stake |
Dijon massacre | 1251 | Dijon | 139 | Shepherd Crusaders | 139 Jews massacred |
Troyes massacre | 24 April 1288 | Troyes | 13 | Papal Inquisition | 13 Jews burned at the stake by the Inquisition, supported by King Philip IV of France |
Castelsarrasin massacre | 12 June 1320 | Castelsarrasin | 152 | Shepherd Crusaders | 152 Jews massacred by Pastoureaux |
Toulouse massacre | 15 June 1320 | Toulouse | 115–150 | Shepherd Crusaders | 115–150 Jews massacred by Pastoureaux |
Vitry massacre | 1321 | Vitry-en-Perthois | 77 | Unknown | 77 Jews massacred during the 1321 leper scare. Forty Jews imprisoned and committed mass suicide. |
Chinon massacre | 21 August 1321 | Chinon | 120–160 | Royal authorities | 120–160 Jews burned at the stake on accusation of well poisoning |
Valois France
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Battle of Caen (1346) | 26 July 1346 | Caen | 2,500–3,000 | English forces | Thousands killed during the sack of the town by a force of 12,000 troops led by Edward III of England |
Toulon massacre | 13 April 1348 | Toulon | 40 | Mob | Jewish community of Toulon killed as part of the Black Death Jewish persecutions |
Jacquerie | June 1358 | Northern France | 20,000 | Peasants, aristocracy and nobility | Peasant Jacquerie rebels massacre hundreds of noblemen, women and children. Some 20,000 peasants are in turn exterminated by nobles |
Siege of Limoges | 19 September 1370 | Limoges | 200–400 | English forces | Hundreds of civilians killed during a sack of the town by 3,200 troops under the command of Edward the Black Prince[6] |
Benon castle massacre | September 1372 | Poitou | Unknown | Royal Army | English garrison of Benon castle summarily executed by French troops led by Bertrand du Guesclin |
Maillotins Revolt | 3 March 1382 | Paris | 30 | Maillotins | 30 people, including 16 Jews, killed by mob[7] |
Battle of Agincourt | 25 October 1415 | Caen | Unknown | English forces | French prisoners of war executed during the battle by troops under the command of Henry V of England |
Siege of Caen (1417) | 4 September 1417 | Caen | 1,800–2,000 | English forces | Between 1,800 and 2,000 civilians rounded up in the town marketplace and killed by troops led by Henry V of England, despite his orders against doing so |
Paris massacres | 12 June 1418 21 August 1418 |
Paris | 1,000–5,000 | Parisian mob | Armagnacs slaughtered by Parisian mob |
Siege of Rougemont | 1421 | Rougemont | 60 | English forces | French garrison hung or drowned on the orders of Henry V of England |
Sézanne massacre | 24 June 1424 | Sézanne | Unknown | English forces | Most inhabitants of the town killed during the sack of Sézanne by troops under the command of Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury |
Battle of Jargeau | 12 June 1429 | Jargeau | Unknown | Royal Army | English prisoners executed by French troops under Joan of Arc and John II, Duke of Alençon |
Siege of Chaumont | 1434 | Chaumont | 100 | Burgundian Army | Garrison hanged by Philip the Good |
Vicques massacre | August 1434 | Vicques | Unknown | Mercenaries in English service | Mercenaries in English service kill a large number of Normans |
Lihons massacre | February 1440 | Lihons | 300 | English forces | 300 men, women and children burned alive in a church by troops led by John Talbot after refusing to surrender |
Nesle massacre | 14 June 1472 | Nesle | Unknown | Burgundian Army | Entire population of Nesle slaughtered and town razed to the ground by Burgundian Army under Duke Charles the Bold |
Lectoure massacre | 5 March 1473 | Lectoure | Unknown | Royal Army | Population massacred and city looted, burned and methodically razed to the ground by royal troops under Cardinal Jean Jouffroy. Defeat of the house of Armagnac. |
Avesnes massacre | 11 June 1477 | Avesnes | Unknown | Royal Army | Civilian population completely exterminated and city destroyed by royal troops under Antoine de Chabannes |
Massacre of Mérindol | April 1545 | Mérindol | 3,000 | Provençal/Papal troops | 3,000 Waldensians killed on order of Francis I of France. 670 sold as slaves, crops destroyed, herds killed and unknown number of peasants starved to death |
Amboise conspiracy | 19 March 1560 | Château d'Amboise | 1,200–1,500 | Royal Army | 1,200–1,500 Protestant conspirators executed en masse[8] |
Cahors massacre | 19 November 1561 | Cahors | 40–50 | Catholics | Huguenots burned alive in their place of worship by Catholics |
Grenade massacre | November 1561 | Grenade | Unknown | Catholics | Huguenots massacred by Catholics |
Carcassonne massacre | 15 December 1561 | Carcassonne | 8 | Catholics | 3 Huguenots and 5 non-religious people massacred by Catholics |
Massacre of Vassy | 1 March 1562 | Wassy | 80 | Catholics | Murder of Huguenots by forces of the Duc de Guise.[9] |
Castelnaudary massacre | 22 March 1562 | Castelnaudary | 60 | Catholics | Huguenots burned alive in their place of worship by Catholics. |
Massacre of Sens | 12 April 1562 | Sens | 100 | Catholics | 100 Huguenots tied to poles and drowned by Catholics |
Orange massacre | 6 May 1562 | Orange | Unknown | Catholics | Population massacred by Catholics |
Gaillac massacre | 18 May 1562 | Gaillac | 60–80 | Catholics | Huguenots captured and thrown in the river by Catholics |
Mornas massacre | July 1562 | Mornas | 200 | Protestants | 200 soldiers executed by Protestants |
Tours massacre | 15 July 1562 | Tours | 200 | Catholics | 200 Huguenots bludgeoned to death and thrown in the Loire by Catholics |
Lauzerte massacre | 15 August 1562 | Lauzerte | 94 | Catholics | 94 Huguenots burned alive in a church by Catholics. |
Bar-sur-Seine massacre | 24 August 1562 | Bar-sur-Seine | 300 | Catholics | Catholic soldiers massacre 300 people after reconquering the citadel from the Huguenots |
Michelade | 30 September 1567 | Nîmes | 80–90 | Protestants | Catholics killed by Protestants |
Bondeville massacre | 18 March 1571 | Notre-Dame-de-Bondeville | 40 | Catholics | Protestants attacked by Catholic crowd. 40 killed. |
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre | 24 August 1572 | Paris | 5,000–30,000 | French state/Catholics | Huguenots (French Protestants) were massacred |
Aups massacre | 16 August 1574 | Aups | 18 | Protestants | 18 killed by Protestant troops. Town looted and burned. |
First Issoire massacre | 15 October 1575 | Issoire | Unknown | Protestants | Catholics killed by Protestant troops under Matthieu Merle. Town looted. |
Second Issoire massacre | 12 June 1577 | Issoire | 3,000 | Royal Army | 3,000 surrendering Protestants massacred by royal troops under Francis, Duke of Anjou following orders from King Henry III of France. Town razed. |
Cuers massacre | 10 April 1579 | Cuers | 600 | Peasant rebels | 600 nobles and gentlemen massacred by peasants |
Mende massacre | 25 December 1579 | Mende | 300 | Protestants | 300 Catholic townspeople massacred, mostly in the cathedral, by Protestant troops under Matthieu Merle[10] |
Romans massacre | 16 February 1580 | Romans-sur-Isère | 20 | Local patricians | 20 people massacred by patricians |
Moirans massacre | 26 March 1580 | Moirans | 1,000[11] | Royal Army | 1,000 peasants massacred by royal troops[11][12][13] |
Réquista massacre | June 1581 | Réquista | Unknown | Catholics | Catholics kill Protestants |
Bourbon France
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Battle of Craon | 24 May 1592 | Craon, Mayenne | Unknown | Spanish Empire Catholic League |
English prisoners executed |
Siege of Fort Crozon | 19 November 1594 | Pointe des Espagnols | Unknown | English forces | Spanish soldiers and civilian summarily executed |
Capture of Ham (1595) | 22 June 1595 | Ham, Somme | Unknown | Royal Army | Spanish garrison massacred |
Siege of Doullens | July 1595 | Doullens | 4,000[14] | Army of Flanders | Garrison and civilian population killed |
La Châtaigneraie massacre | 13 August 1595 | La Châtaigneraie | 31 | Catholics | 31 Protestants out of 230 massacred by 45 cavalrymen[15][16] |
Siege of Nègrepelisse | 11 June 1622 | Nègrepelisse | 800 | Royal Army | All inhabitants of the Huguenot stronghold killed, all women raped and the town looted and burned to the ground on order of King Louis XIII of France |
Massacre at the Hôtel de Ville | 4 July 1652 | Hôtel de Ville, Paris | 150 | Parisian mob | 150 people, including judges, massacred by a mob during the Fronde |
Serre massacre | 19 February 1689 | Saint-Genest-Lachamp | Unknown | Royal Army | Protestant gathering massacred by royal troops. 400 killed and wounded.[17] |
Belvezet massacre | 5 January 1703 | Belvezet | 20–25 | Camisards | 20–25 inhabitants massacred by Camisards |
Chamborigaud massacre | 17 February 1703 | Chamborigaud | 26 | Camisards | 26 Catholics massacred by Camisards[18] |
Fraissinet massacre | 26 February 1703 | Fraissinet-de-Fourques | 33 | Camisards | 33 inhabitants massacred by Camisards[19] |
Moulin de l’Agau massacre | 1 April 1703 | Nîmes | 21–50 | Royal Army | 21–50 Protestants locked in a barn and burned alive by royal troops[20] |
Valsauve massacre | 5 July 1703 | Verfeuil | 16–17 | Camisards | 16–17 Catholics massacred by Camisards |
Potelières massacre | 12 September 1703 | Potelières | 22–31 | Camisards | 22 Catholics massacred by Camisards[21] |
Saint-Sériès massacre | 20 September 1703 | Saint-Sériès | 11 | Camisards | 11 Catholics massacred by Camisards[22] |
Saturargues massacre | 20 September 1703 | Saturargues | 59 | Camisards | 59 Catholics massacred by Camisards[22] |
Sainte-Cécile-d'Andorge massacre | 11 October 1703 | Sainte-Cécile-d'Andorge | 9 | Camisards | 9 Catholics massacred by Camisards[21] |
Branoux massacre | 30 October 1703 | Branoux-les-Taillades | 47–52 | Catholic vigilantes | 47–52 inhabitants massacred by 600–700 Catholic vigilantes[23] |
Cévennes massacres | January 1704 | Cévennes | 600 | Royal Army | Over 600 people massacred in a rampage by royal troops under general Planque.[24] |
Franchassis massacre | 24 February 1704 | Pranles | Unknown | Royal Army | All inhabitants killed by royal troops under general Julien. Village looted, burned and razed to the ground.[25] |
Cévennes massacres | April 1704 | Cévennes | 1,000 | Royal Army/Catholic vigilantes | Over 1,000 people massacred in a killing spree by 4,000 royal troops and Catholic vigilantes under Lieutenant General marquis La Lande.[26] |
Villars' terror campaign | August 1704 | Cévennes | Unknown | Royal Army | Dozens of villages burned and their inhabitants massacred by royal forces under Marshal Claude Louis Hector de Villars[27] |
Vernoux massacre | 12 December 1745 | Vernoux | 30 | Bourgeois militia/Royal Army | 30 Protestants killed by bourgeois militia and soldiers |
Revolutionary and Imperial France
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Champ de Mars Massacre | 17 July 1791 | Paris | 12–50 | Royal Army | 12–50 republicans killed by royalist troops under Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette |
Massacres of La Glacière | 17 October 1791 | Avignon | 60 | Patriots | 60 papists massacred by patriots |
September Massacres | September 1792 | Paris | 1,500 | National Guard | Multiple massacres with varying death tolls during French Revolution |
First Massacre of Machecoul | 11 March 1793 | Machecoul | 200 | Catholic and Royal Army | Royalist rebels massacre Republican civilians and soldiers |
First Battle of Noirmoutier | 12 October 1793 | Noirmoutier | 200 | Catholic and Royal Army | Republican prisoners executed by rebels |
Drownings at Nantes | November 1793 / February 1794 | Nantes | 4,800 | French Revolutionary Army | Multiple massacres by drownings by revolutionaries |
Avranches massacre | 21 November 1793 | Avranches | 800 | French Revolutionary Army | 800 counter-revolutionary rebels executed by firing squad. |
Lyon Revolt | 4 December 1793 | Lyon | 60 | French Revolutionary Army | 60 rebels massacred by soldiers |
Lyon Revolt | 5 December 1793 | Lyon | 209 | French Revolutionary Army | 209 rebels massacred by soldiers |
Battle of Savenay | December 1793 | Savenay | 663–2,000 | French Revolutionary Army | Rebel prisoners executed by Republicans |
Infernal columns | January 21–May 17 1794 | Vendée | 20,000 - 50,000 | French Revolutionary Army | A series of massacres in an area previously affected by the Royalist uprising. |
Thermidorian Reaction | 28 July 1794 | Paris | 169 | Thermidorians | 169 Robespierrists, Communards and Montagnards executed by Thermidorians |
Lyon massacre | 4 April 1795 | Lyon | 99 | Mob | 99 Jacobin prisoners killed by rioters |
Aix-en-Provence massacre | 11 May 1795 | Aix-en-Provence | 30 | Mob | 30 Jacobin prisoners killed |
Fort Saint-Jean massacre | 5 June 1795 | Lyon | 100 | Mob | 100 Jacobin prisoners out of 127 killed by armed band |
Plot of the rue Saint-Nicaise | 24 December 1800 | Paris | 22 (+50 injured) | Chouannerie Royalists | Failed Royalist assassination attempt by bombing on First Consul Napoleon |
Bourbon Restoration
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Second White Terror | 1815 | Nationwide | 300–500 | Royalists | Royalist mobs kill 300–500 people |
July Monarchy
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Massacre de la rue Transnonain | 13 April 1834 | Paris | 19 | National Guard | Insurrectionists and civilians killed by the National Guard in Rue Transonain number 12 |
Attentat de Fieschi | 28 July 1835 | Paris | 18 (+22 injured) | Giuseppe Marco Fieschi | Attempted assassination of King Louis Philippe I with volley gun |
Massacre of Boulevard des Capucines | 23 February 1848 | Paris | 52–65 | French Army | Regular soldiers fire on crowd during the French Revolution of 1848 |
Second Republic
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rouen riots | April 1848 | Rouen | 59 | French Army | Insurrection suppressed after 59 rioters were killed by soldiers |
June Days uprising | June 1848 | Paris | 1,500–3,000 | French Army | Suppression of June Days uprising. 1,500–3,000 rebels summarily executed and 12,500 arrested, of whom 4,500 deported to Algeria. |
Second Empire
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Orsini affair | 14 January 1858 | Paris | 8 (+102 injured) | Felice Orsini | Attempted assassination of Emperor Napoleon III by Italian revolutionary |
Fusillade d'Aubin | 8 October 1869 | Aubin, Aveyron | 14 (+20 wounded) | French Army | French soldiers fire on striking miners. |
Passavant massacre | 25 August 1870 | Passavant-en-Argonne | 49 | Prussian Army | 49 Garde Mobile prisoners of war shot by Prussian troops |
Third Republic
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Suppression of the Paris Commune | May 1871 | Paris | 6,000–20,000 | French Army | Prisoners shot by the army of the Versailles government |
Hostage shooting during the Paris Commune | 24 May 1871 | Paris | 6 | Paris Commune | Six hostages, including Archbishop Georges Darboy shot by members of the National Guard of the Paris Commune. |
Fusillade de Fourmies | 1 May 1891 | Fourmies | 9 (+35 injured) | French Army | French troops shot at peaceful strikers during the International Workers' Day |
Carmaux mining company bombing | 8 November 1892 | Paris | 5 | Émile Henry | Five police officers killed by bomb planted by anarchist Émile Henry. |
Massacre of Italians at Aigues-Mortes | 17 June 1893 | Aigues-Mortes | 17 (+150 injured) | French villagers and labourers | Italian migrant workers massacred by French mob |
Gerbéviller massacre | 24 August 1914 | Gerbéviller | 64 | Imperial German Army | 64 civilians killed by German soldiers, including 15 mutilated or burned alive. |
6 February 1934 crisis | 6 February 1934 | Place de la Concorde, Paris | 16 (+2000 injured) | French police | French police shot at far-right demonstrators, mostly members of Action Française |
Assassination of Alexander I of Yugoslavia | 9 October 1934 | Marseille | 6 (+5 injured) | Vlado Chernozemski | Bulgarian revolutionary Vlado Chernozemski shoots King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou |
Second World War
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbeville massacre | 20 May 1940 | Abbeville | 22 | French Army | French soldiers shot a number of Flemish nationalists and members of the Belgian Communist Party as the German army cut off the area during the Battle of France |
Le Paradis massacre | 27 May 1940 | Le Paradis village, commune of Lestrem, Northern France | 97 (+2 injured) | SS Totenkopf | shooting of British POWs by German troops (SS Totenkopf) |
Wormhoudt massacre | 28 May 1940 | Wormhoudt | 80 (+15 injured) | Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler | shooting of British and French POWs by German troops (SS Adolf Hitler) |
Massacre of the Bois d'Eraine | 11 June 1940 | Cressonsacq | 64 | Infantry Regiment Großdeutschland | Senegalese Tirailleurs and their white officers executed by Infantry Regiment Großdeutschland. |
Karl Hotz reprisals | 22 October 1941 | Châteaubriant, Nantes, Paris | 48 | German forces | 48 French hostages executed as reprisal for the French resistance killing of Karl Hotz |
Ascq massacre | 1 April 1944 | Ascq, France | 86 | 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend | murder of French civilians by German troops (SS Hitlerjugend) |
Audouville massacre | 6 June 1944 | Audouville-la-Hubert | 30 | 101st Airborne Division | 30 Wehrmacht prisoners of war executed by US paratroopers |
Ardenne Abbey massacre | June 1944 | Ardenne Abbey | 20 | 12th SS Hitlerjugend | 20 Canadian POWs massacred by 12th SS Hitlerjugend |
Tulle massacre | 9 June 1944 | Tulle, Corrèze | 120 killed, 149 deported | 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich | murder and deportation to Dachau of French civilians by German troops (SS Das Reich) |
Oradour-sur-Glane massacre | 10 June 1944 | Oradour-sur-Glane | 642 | 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich | murder of French civilians by German troops (SS Das Reich) |
Graignes massacre | 11 June 1944 | Graignes, Manche | 61 | 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division | 17 American POWs were stabbed, shot to death and 44 French civilians were executed by German troops by shooting. |
Dun-les-Places massacre | 28 June 1944 | Dun-les-Places | 27 | German security forces | 27 villagers taken as hostages and executed by German forces |
Dortan Massacre | 12 July 1944 | Dortan | 35 | Freiwilligen-Stamm-Division | 35-36 villagers arrested, tortured, raped and executed by German forces |
Tragedy of the Guerry's wells | July 1944/August 1944 | Savigny-en-Septaine | 36 | Sicherheitsdienst Milice |
36 Jews slain by Milice under SD command |
Penguerec massacre | 7 August 1944 | Gouesnou | 44 | Kriegsmarine 3rd anti-air brigade | 44 French civilians massacred by Kriegsmarine personnel |
First Saint-Julien massacre | 9 August 1944 | Saint-Julien-de-Crempse | 17 | German Army | 17 villagers executed by German troops as reprisal for French resistance activity |
Saint-Genis-Laval massacre | 20 August 1944 | Saint-Genis-Laval | 120 | Sicherheitspolizei Milice |
120 prisoners executed by Sipo and Milice |
Maillé massacre | 25 August 1944 | Maillé, Indre-et-Loire | 124 | 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen | murder of French civilians by German troops (17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Götz von Berlichingen) |
Affair of 27 martyrs | 25 August 1944 | Chatou | 27 | German forces | 27 Frenchmen executed as reprisal for French Resistance attack. |
Massacre de la vallée de la Saulx | 28 August 1944 | Vallée de la Saulx | 86 | 3rd Panzergrenadier Division | 86 French villagers massacred by 3rd Panzergrenadier Division |
Second Saint-Julien massacre | 10 September 1944 | Saint-Julien-de-Crempse | 17 | French resistance | 17 Wehrmacht prisoners of war executed by villagers as revenge for first massacre |
Post-War
[edit]Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrators | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
14 July 1953 demonstration | 14 July 1953 | Paris | 7 (+50 demonstrators, 16 police wounded) | French police | Seven people, including 6 Algerians, killed by French police |
1961 Vitry-Le-François train bombing | 18 June 1961 | Blacy, Marne | 24–28 (+132–170 injured) | Organisation armée secrète | Train derailed by OAS explosive, killing up to 28. |
Paris massacre of 1961 | 17 October 1961 | Paris | 40 (government sources) ~200 (opposition sources) | French police | Algerian demonstrators killed by French police. |
The Charonne Metro Station Massacre | 8 February 1962 | Charonne | 9 | French police | CGT Trade union members and communists killed by French police |
Marseille bar massacre | 3 October 1978 | Marseille | 10 | Armed gunmen | Organized crime war |
Sofitel massacre | 5 August 1983 | Avignon | 7 | Robbers | Four luxury hotel employees and three customers killed by robbers |
Ille-et-Vilaine massacre | 19 June 1985 | Ille-et-Vilaine | 7 | Guy Martel | spree killing |
Luxiol massacre | 12 July 1989 | Luxiol | 14 | Christian Dornier | spree killing, 3 family members and random inhabitants |
Besançon massacre | 1 July 1992 | Besançon | 7 (+5 wounded) | Franck Zoritch | 7 people killed by Franck Zoritch |
Cuers massacre | 24 September 1995 | Cuers | 16 | Éric Borel | spree killing, 3 family members and random inhabitants, perpetrator committed suicide. |
Tours massacre | 29 October 2001 | Tours | 4 (+7 wounded) | Jean-Pierre Roux-Durrafourt | 4 people killed by Jean-Pierre Roux-Durraffourt |
Nanterre massacre | 27 March 2002 | Nanterre | 9 (+19 injured) | Richard Durn | spree killing, perpetrator committed suicide. |
2012 Midi-Pyrénées massacre | 19 March 2012 | Midi-Pyrénées region | 7 (+5 injured) | Mohammed Merah | A French radical Islamist man attacks a Jewish school, he murders 3 young children and a rabbi at the school, and also kills 3 French soldiers. |
Annecy shootings | 5 September 2012 | Chevaline, Haute-Savoie | 4 | Unknown | 3 Britons and 1 Frenchman killed in shooting. |
2015 Charlie Hebdo massacre | 7 January 2015 | Paris | 12 (+11 injured) | Chérif and Saïd Kouachi | Two French radical Islamist brothers attack an office, they murder 11 at the office and kill a French police officer on the street. |
2015 Porte de Vincennes massacre | 9 January 2015 | Paris | 5 (+11 injured) | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant | A French radical Islamist man attacks a Jewish supermarket and murders 4, a French policewoman is also killed on the street the previous day. |
Germanwings Flight 9525 deliberate crash | 24 March 2015 | Prads-Haute-Bléone, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence | 150 | Andreas Lubitz | Andreas Lubitz, the German co-pilot, deliberately crashed the plane on the French Alps, killing all passengers and crew. |
November 2015 Paris attacks | 13 November 2015 | Paris | 130 (+368 injured) | ISIL | Eight radical Islamists men of ISIL perform coordinated attacks upon the French public at various locations in Paris using assault rifles and explosives;[28] |
2016 Nice truck attack | 14 July 2016 | Nice | 86 (+434 injured) | Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel | A Tunisian/French radical Islamist man attacks the French public celebrating Bastille Day, he drives a 19 tonne cargo truck through the public on the street thereby killing indiscriminately. |
Carcassonne and Trèbes attack | 23 March 2018 | Trèbes and Carcassonne | 4 (+15 injured) | Redouane Lakdim | Islamist terrorist Redouane Lakdim shoots and stabs four people to death. |
2018 Strasbourg attack | 11 December 2018 | Strasbourg | 5 (+12 injured) | Chérif Chekatt (29 years old) |
Islamist terrorist Chérif Chekatt shoots five people to death with a revolver and injures several people by stabbing with a knife. Chekatt was killed 2 days later by the police, after a razzia in Strasbourgs district Neudorf. He was shot after opening fire on several police officers. |
February 2019 Paris fire | 5 February 2019 | Paris | 10 (+36 injured) | Unknown | Arson at an apartment block. |
Paris police headquarters stabbing | 3 October 2019 | Paris | 4 (+2 injured) | Mickaël Harpon | Police employee stab four colleagues to death. |
Toulouse summer 2020 attacks[29] | 13 July 2020 - 7 September 2020 | Toulouse | 5 (+3 injured) | Unknown | 1 (+1 injured) in September, 2 (+2 injured) in August, 2 in July. |
See also
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Petersen 2013, p. 729.
- ^ Strayer 1971, p. 62.
- ^ Oldenbourg, Zoe (12 January 2015). Massacre At Montsegur: A History Of The Albigensian Crusade - Zoe Oldenbourg - Google Books. Orion. ISBN 978-1-4746-0031-6.
- ^ "Patrimoine en Lauragais : un mémorial érigé en lieu et place du bûcher cathare de Les Cassès - Voix du Midi Lauragais". Actu.fr (in French). 27 October 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ Strayer 1971, p. 118.
- ^ Jones 2017, pp. 405–408.
- ^ Sumption 2009, p. 446.
- ^ Pierre Miquel, 1980, p.213, Robert Laffont. ed. Histoire et dictionnaire des guerres de religion 1998:61.
- ^ Lindsay, Thomas M. (2003) [1906]. History of the Reformation Reformation in Switzerland, France, the Netherlands, Scotland and England. Charles Scribner's Sons; Kessinger Publishing. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-7661-6367-6. OCLC 3960339.
- ^ "Léon Costecalde, Monographie illustré de la cathédrale de Mende (Imprimerie Ignon-Renouard, 1922) p.13 ("La nuit de Noel 1579, Mathieu Merle, chef des protestants cevenois, s'avanca vers Mende, a la feveur des tenebres, s'empara de la ville par trabison, y massacra 400 pretres ou fideles, la plupart, dans l'enceinte meme de la cathedrale."
- ^ a b Davis, Michael T. (September 2015). Crowd Actions in Britain and France from the Middle Ages to the Modern World - Google Books. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-31651-6.
- ^ The Orgasms of History: 3000 Years of Spontaneous Insurrection - Google Books. AK Press. 2002. ISBN 978-1-902593-34-0.
- ^ "La feuille Charbinoise - Printemps 1580 - la révolte des Vilains en Dauphiné". www.lafeuillecharbinoise.com (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ Goubert, Pierre (2002). The Course of French History. Routledge. p. 103.
- ^ "1595-08-13 - Archives de la Vendée". archives.vendee.fr (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ "Massacre des protestants réunis au temple de la Brossardière le 13 août 1595 - Mes Ancêtres, 40 Générations". mesancetres-40generations.over-blog.com (in French). 2 April 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ Monahan 2014, p. 41.
- ^ Monahan 2014, p. 112.
- ^ Monahan 2014, p. 110.
- ^ Monahan 2014, p. 123.
- ^ a b Monahan 2014, p. 154.
- ^ a b Monahan 2014, p. 153.
- ^ Monahan 2014, p. 155.
- ^ Monahan 2014, p. 179.
- ^ Monahan 2014, p. 181.
- ^ Monahan 2014, pp. 187–188.
- ^ Monahan 2014, pp. 220–221.
- ^ "Paris attacks death toll rises to 130". RTE News. 20 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ^ "Toulouse : un mort et un blessé grave dans une fusillade".
References
[edit]- Jones, Michael (2017). The Black Prince. London: Head of Zeus. ISBN 9781784972936.
- Monahan, W. Gregory (2014). Let God Arise: The War and Rebellion of the Camisards. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-968844-9.
- Petersen, Leif Inge Ree (2013). Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400-800 AD): Byzantium, the West and Islam. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-25199-1.
- Strayer, Joseph R. (1971). The Albigensian Crusades. New York, NY: The Dial Press. ISBN 0-472-09476-9.
- Sumption, Jonathan (2009). The Hundred Years War: Divided Houses. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4223-2.