![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Warwulf1.jpg/220px-Warwulf1.jpg)
![](Https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Stirling_Warwolf_Trebuchet.jpg/220px-Stirling_Warwolf_Trebuchet.jpg)
The Warwolf, also known as the Loup-de-Guerre or Ludgar,[1] is believed to have been the largest trebuchet ever made.[citation needed] It was created in Scotland by order of Edward I of England, during the siege of Stirling Castle in 1304, as part of the Wars of Scottish Independence. A contemporary chronicle refers to it as une engine orrible.[2]
Warwolf at Stirling
[edit]When disassembled, the weapon would fill 30 wagons in parts.[citation needed] It reportedly took five master carpenters and forty-nine other labourers at least three months to complete.[3]
The Flores Historiarum claims that the Warwolf sent a single stone through two of the castle's walls in the course of the siege, "like an arrow flying through cloth".[4] Other sources, however, report that the weapon was only finished after the Scots had surrendered.[3] Edward decided to use it anyway, refusing to let anyone enter or leave the castle until it had been tested.[5]
In the original records
[edit]Some of the original parchment rolls of the accounts of King Edward survive. Two references to the Warwolf in Latin read:
Another payment refers to a watchman; Reginald the Janitor was paid wages for guarding the Warwolf's beams for forty nights in June and July 1304.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ "Ludgar". Anglo-Norman Dictionary. Aberystwyth University. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
- ^ Wright, Thomas, ed. (1868). The Chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft. Vol. 2. London: Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer. p. 356.
- ^ a b Prestwich, Michael (1997). Edward I. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 502. ISBN 0-300-07209-0.
- ^ Luard, Henry, ed. (1890). Flores Historiarum. Vol. 3. London: HM Stationery Office. p. 319.
- ^ Bain, Joseph, ed. (1884). Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: HM General Register House. p. 405.
- ^ Bain, Joseph, ed. (1888). Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland. Vol. 4. Edinburgh: HM General Register House. pp. 476–7.
- ^ Simpson, Grant; Galbraith, James, eds. (n.d.). Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland. Vol. 5. Scottish Record Office. p. 201.