1968 chess tournament in Lugano, Switzerland
The official poster for the Olympiad.
The 18th Chess Olympiad (Italian : Le 18º Olimpiadi degli scacchi ), organized by FIDE and comprising an open[ 1] team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess , took place between October 17 and November 7, 1968, in Lugano , Switzerland .
The Soviet team with six GMs , led by world champion Petrosian, lived up to expectations and won their ninth consecutive gold medals, with Yugoslavia and Bulgaria taking the silver and bronze, respectively.
A total of 53 teams entered the competition and were divided into seven preliminary groups of seven or eight teams each. The top two from each group advanced to Final A, the teams placed third-fourth to Final B, no. 5-6 to Final C, and the rest to Final D. Preliminary head-to-head results were carried over to the finals, so no teams met more than once. All preliminary groups and finals were played as round-robin tournaments . The results were as follows:
No.
Country
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
−
=
Points
«A»
Soviet Union
-
4
3½
4
3½
4
4
4
7
0
0
27
«A»
Philippines
0
-
2½
1½
3½
3½
4
4
5
2
0
19
«B»
England
½
1½
-
2
3½
3½
4
4
4
2
1
19
«B»
Israel
0
2½
2
-
3
3
4
4
5
1
1
18½
«C»
Italy
½
½
½
1
-
2
3
3
2
4
1
10½
«C»
Portugal
0
½
½
1
2
-
3
3
2
4
1
10
«D»
Mexico
0
0
0
0
1
1
-
2½
1
6
0
4½
«D»
Cyprus
0
0
0
0
1
1
1½
-
0
7
0
3½
No.
Country
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
+
−
=
Points
«A»
Denmark
-
2½
2
2½
2½
3½
3½
5
0
1
16½
«A»
United States
1½
-
2½
2½
3½
3½
3
5
1
0
16½
«B»
Mongolia
2
1½
-
1
3½
2½
2½
3
2
1
13
«B»
Austria
1½
1½
3
-
1½
2½
2
2
3
1
12
«C»
Australia
1½
½
½
2½
-
1½
3
2
4
0
9½
«C»
Venezuela
½
½
1½
1½
2½
-
2½
2
4
0
9
«D»
France
½
1
1½
2
1
1½
-
0
5
1
7½
No.
Country
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
−
=
Points
«A»
Hungary
-
3
2½
3
3½
3½
3½
3½
7
0
0
22½
«A»
Canada
1
-
2½
2½
3½
3
3
4
6
1
0
19½
«B»
Netherlands
1½
1½
-
3½
2½
4
2½
4
5
2
0
19½
«B»
Belgium
1
1½
½
-
2½
3
3
4
4
3
0
15½
«C»
Monaco
½
½
1½
1½
-
1
3
3
2
5
0
11
«C»
Ireland
½
1
0
1
3
-
2
2½
2
4
1
10
«D»
Paraguay
½
1
1½
1
1
2
-
3
1
5
1
10
«D»
Costa Rica
½
0
0
0
1
1½
1
-
0
7
0
4
No.
Country
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
−
=
Points
«A»
West Germany
-
2
3½
2½
2½
3½
4
4
6
0
1
22
«A»
Romania
2
-
3
2½
2½
2½
3½
4
6
0
1
20
«B»
Switzerland
½
1
-
3
3
3
3½
4
5
2
0
18
«B»
Brazil
1½
1½
1
-
2
3½
3½
4
3
3
1
17
«C»
Norway
1½
1½
1
2
-
2
3
4
2
3
2
15
«C»
Puerto Rico
½
1½
1
½
2
-
3
2½
2
4
1
11
«D»
Hong Kong
0
½
½
½
1
1
-
3
1
6
0
6½
«D»
Lebanon
0
0
0
0
0
1½
1
-
0
7
0
2½
No.
Country
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
−
=
Points
«A»
Bulgaria
-
2½
3
2½
2½
4
4
4
7
0
0
22½
«A»
Czechoslovakia
1½
-
2
2½
4
4
4
4
5
1
1
22
«B»
Iceland
1
2
-
3½
2
3
4
4
4
1
2
19½
«B»
Cuba
1½
1½
½
-
2½
3½
3½
4
4
3
0
17
«C»
Tunisia
1½
0
2
1½
-
1½
2½
4
2
4
1
13
«C»
Turkey
0
0
1
½
2½
-
2½
4
3
4
0
10½
«D»
Singapore
0
0
0
½
1½
1½
-
4
1
6
0
7½
«D»
Andorra
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
0
7
0
0
Final A
#
Country
Players
Points
MP
1
Soviet Union
Petrosian , Spassky , Korchnoi , Geller , Polugaevsky , Smyslov
39½
2
Yugoslavia
Gligorić , Ivkov , Matanović , Matulović , Parma , Čirić
31
3
Bulgaria
Bobotsov , Tringov , Padevsky , Kolarov , Radulov , Peev
30
4
United States
Reshevsky , Evans , Benko , R. Byrne , Lombardy , D. Byrne
29½
5
West Germany
Unzicker , Schmid , Darga , Pfleger , Hübner , Hecht
29
6
Hungary
Portisch , Szabó , Bilek , Lengyel , Barcza , Csom
27½
7
Argentina
Najdorf , Panno , Sanguineti , Rossetto , Rubinetti , García
26
15
8
Romania
Gheorghiu , Ciocâltea , Ghițescu , Drimer , Soós , Ungureanu
26
14
9
Czechoslovakia
Hort , Filip , Smejkal , Jansa , Augustin , Janata
24½
12
10
East Germany
Uhlmann , Pietzsch , Zinn , Malich , Liebert , Hennings
24½
11
11
Poland
Kostro , Bednarski , Doda , Schmidt , Adamski , Grąbczewski
23
12
Denmark
Larsen , Brinck-Claussen , Hamann , Holm , Petersen , Nørby
21
13
Canada
Yanofsky , Suttles , Macskasy , Allan , Day , Schulman
19
14
Philippines
Reyes , Balinas , De Castro , Naranja , Bandal , Rodríguez
13½
Final B
#
Country
Players
Points
MP
15
Netherlands
Donner , Ree , Langeweg , Bouwmeester , Kuijpers , Prins
33½
16
England
Penrose , Kottnauer , Clarke , Keene , Lee , Basman
33
17
Austria
Dückstein , Prameshuber , Stoppel , Janetschek , Kinzel , Niedermayr
30½
18
Israel
Czerniak , Porat , Kraidman , Kagan , Domnitz , Peretz
30
19
Spain
Pomar , Medina , Torán , Visier , Calvo , Palacios de la Prida
28½
20
Cuba
Jiménez , García Martínez , Cobo , Rodríguez Gonzáles , Ortega , Carlos Diaz
27
14
21
Switzerland
Keller , Kupper , Blau , Bhend , Walther , Glauser
27
12
22
Iceland
Jóhannsson , Sigurjónsson , Kristjánsson , Kristinsson , Thorsteinsson , Ásmundsson
26
23
Finland
Westerinen , Ojanen , Havansi , Koskinen , Kajan , Venäläinen
24½
24
Sweden
Jansson , Nilsson , Johansson , Broström , Olsson , Sköld
22½
25
Brazil
Mecking , German , Câmara , Rocha , Miranda , Pinto Paiva
21½
26
Belgium
O'Kelly , Boey , Rooze , Cornelis , Beyen , Dunkelblum
20½
27
Mongolia
Üitümen , Myagmarsuren , Lhagva , Zorigt , Badamgarav G., Purevzhav
20
28
Scotland
Fairhurst , Davie , McAlpine , Levy , Freeman , McKay
19½
Final C
#
Country
Players
Points
MP
29
Australia
Hamilton , Fuller , Koshnitsky , Flatow , Viner , Shaw
38
30
Norway
Johannessen , Hoen , Svedenborg , Zwaig , Wibe , de Lange
36
31
Italy
Giustolisi , Cappello , Zichichi , Primavera , Magrin , Romani
31½
32
Venezuela
Caro , Villarroel , Budowski , Schorr , Diaz , Robles
30
33
Turkey
Süer , İbrahimoğlu , Uzman , Boysan , Bilyap , Külür
29½
34
Greece
Vizantiadis , Siaperas , Trikaliotis , Ornithopoulos , Kokkoris , Rizopoulos
28½
35
Portugal
Cordovil , Sardinha , Durão , Santos , Pereira
27½
16
36
South Africa
Friedgood , Kroon , Heyns , Morschel , Griffiths , Hangelbroek
27½
14
37
Tunisia
Belkadi , Bouaziz , Kchouk , Lagha , Ben Rehouma , Hentati
26
38
Ireland
Heidenfeld , Littleton , Reilly , O'Riordan , McCurdy , De Loughrey
21
39
Luxembourg
Feller , Philippe , Wantz , Dietrich , Schammo , Stull
20½
40
Puerto Rico
Kaplan , Buitrago , Colón Romero A. , Reissmann , Sacarello , Benítez
19½
41
Morocco
Bakali , Hadri , Kaderi , Nejjar , Soussi , Benabud
16
42
Monaco
Casa , Weiss , Donné , Kostjoerin , Kann , Muziole
12½
Final D
#
Country
Players
Points
MP
43
Singapore
Tan , Ann , Seng , Kwee , Seng , On
32
44
France
Boutteville , Letzelter , Huguet , Jean , Thiellement , Ferry
30
45
Paraguay
Silva , Recalde , Prieto , Gonzáles , Cantero , Levy
27½
46
Mexico
Castro Aguilar , Winter Gallegos , Delgado , Flores Soto , Araiza , Terrazas
23½
13
47
Dominican Republic
Myers , Malagón A. , Malagón C. , Belliard Alonzo , Yabra , Andujar
23½
12
48
Hong Kong
Kazanski , Gibbs , Hardt , Hobson , Badilles
22½
49
Costa Rica
Rovira Mas , Van der Laat Ulloa , Wyss , Rojas , Quesada , Batres
14½
50
Lebanon
Salameh , Bedrossian , Galeb , Rizk , Cabbouche
13½
51
Cyprus
Constantinou , Kleopas , Avgousti , Lantsias , Cababe
13
52
United States Virgin Islands
Hook , Hoyt , Roebuck , Edwards , Potter , Garrison
11
53
Andorra
Jiménez , De la Casa , Corominas , Gómez Abad , Soler , Pantebre Martínez
9
Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
No.
Country
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
+
−
=
Points
1
Soviet Union
-
2½
3
3½
2
3
2½
3
3
3
4
4
2
4
11
0
2
39½
2
Yugoslavia
1½
-
1½
2
2
2½
1½
2½
2½
3
2½
3
2½
4
8
3
2
31
3
Bulgaria
1
2½
-
2
2
2½
1½
3½
2½
2½
2½
2
2
3½
7
2
4
30
4
United States
½
2
2
-
2½
2½
3
2½
2½
1½
3
1½
4
2
7
3
3
29½
5
Germany
2
2
2
1½
-
2½
3½
2
1½
2
2
2
2½
3½
4
2
7
29
6
Hungary
1
1½
1½
1½
1½
-
2½
2½
2
2
3
3
3
2½
6
5
2
27½
7
Argentina
1½
2½
2½
1
½
1½
-
2
2
2½
2
2½
3
2½
6
4
3
26
8
Romania
1
1½
½
1½
2
1½
2
-
2½
2½
2½
3
3
2½
6
5
2
26
9
Czechoslovakia
1
1½
1½
1½
2½
2
2
1½
-
2½
½
3
2½
2½
5
6
2
24½
10
East Germany
1
1
1½
2½
2
2
1½
1½
1½
-
2
2½
2½
3
4
6
3
24½
11
Poland
0
1½
1½
1
2
1
2
1½
3½
2
-
1½
3
2½
3
7
3
23
12
Denmark
0
1
2
2½
2
1
1½
1
1
1½
2½
-
2½
2½
4
7
2
21
13
Canada
2
1½
2
0
1½
1
1
1
1½
1½
1
1½
-
3½
1
10
2
19
14
Philippines
0
0
½
2
½
1½
1½
1½
1½
1
1½
1½
½
-
0
12
1
13½
Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
No.
Country
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
+
−
=
Points
15
Netherlands
-
3
2½
2
2
1½
2
2½
3½
2½
3½
3½
2½
2½
9
1
3
33½
16
England
1
-
2
2
2½
3½
1½
2½
2½
3
3
3
3½
3
9
2
2
33
17
Austria
1½
2
-
½
3
2
3
3
2½
2
3
2
3
3
7
2
4
30½
18
Israel
2
2
3½
-
2
2½
2
2
2½
2
2
2
2½
3
5
0
8
30
19
Spain
2
1½
1
2
-
2
2½
3
2
2½
1½
3
3
2½
6
3
4
28½
20
Cuba
2½
½
2
1½
2
-
1
½
2
3½
3½
3
2
3
5
4
4
27
21
Switzerland
2
2½
1
2
1½
3
-
1½
1½
1
3
2
4
2
4
5
4
27
22
Iceland
1½
1½
1
2
1
3½
2½
-
1½
2
2
3
2½
2
4
5
4
26
23
Finland
½
1½
1½
1½
2
2
2½
2½
-
2½
2
1½
1
3½
4
6
3
24½
24
Sweden
1½
1
2
2
1½
½
3
2
1½
-
1
1½
3
2
2
7
4
22½
25
Brazil
½
1
1
2
2½
½
1
2
2
3
-
2½
1½
2
3
6
4
21½
26
Belgium
½
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2½
2½
1½
-
1
2½
3
7
3
20½
27
Mongolia
1½
½
1
1½
1
2
0
1½
3
1
2½
3
-
1½
3
9
1
20
28
Scotland
1½
1
1
1
1½
1
2
2
½
2
2
1½
2½
-
1
8
4
19½
Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
No.
Country
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
+
−
=
Points
29
Australia
-
3
2
1½
1½
3½
3½
2½
3
3½
3½
4
3
3½
10
2
1
38
30
Norway
1
-
2
2
2
3
4
4
1
3
4
2
4
4
7
2
4
36
31
Italy
2
2
-
1½
2½
3
2
2½
3
2½
2
1½
4
3
7
2
4
31½
32
Venezuela
2½
2
2½
-
2½
1½
1
1
2
4
3
2
3
3
7
3
3
30
33
Turkey
2½
2
1½
1½
-
2
1½
2
2½
1
2½
3½
3½
3½
6
4
3
29½
34
Greece
½
1
1
2½
2
-
1
3½
1½
3
2½
3
4
3
7
5
1
28½
35
Portugal
½
0
2
3
2½
3
-
1
1½
2½
2
3
3
3½
7
4
2
27½
36
South Africa
1½
0
1½
3
2
½
3
-
4
2
2½
3
1
3½
6
5
2
27½
37
Tunisia
1
3
1
2
1½
2½
2½
0
-
3
2½
2
2½
2½
7
4
2
26
38
Ireland
½
1
1½
0
3
1
1½
2
1
-
2
2
2½
3
3
7
3
21
39
Luxembourg
½
0
2
1
1½
1½
2
1½
1½
2
-
2½
2
2½
2
7
4
20½
40
Puerto Rico
0
2
2½
2
½
1
1
1
2
2
1½
-
2
2
1
6
6
19½
41
Morocco
1
0
0
1
½
0
1
3
1½
1½
2
2
-
2½
2
9
2
16
42
Monaco
½
0
1
1
½
1
½
½
1½
1
1½
2
1½
-
0
12
1
12½
Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
No.
Country
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
+
−
=
Points
43
Singapore
-
1½
2
3
4
2½
4
4
3
4
4
8
1
1
32
44
France
2½
-
1½
1½
3
3½
3½
3½
3
4
4
8
2
0
30
45
Paraguay
2
2½
-
2½
1½
2
3
3½
3
4
3½
7
1
2
27½
46
Mexico
1
2½
1½
-
2½
1½
2
3½
2½
3
3½
6
3
1
23½
47
Dominican Republic
0
1
2½
1½
-
3
3
1½
3½
3½
4
6
4
0
23½
48
Hong Kong
1½
½
2
2½
1
-
3½
3
2½
2
4
5
3
2
22½
49
Costa Rica
0
½
1
2
1
½
-
2½
2
3
2
2
5
3
14½
50
Lebanon
0
½
½
½
2½
1
1½
-
2½
3
1½
3
7
0
13½
51
Cyprus
1
1
1
1½
½
1½
2
1½
-
½
2½
1
8
1
13
52
United States Virgin Islands
0
0
0
1
½
2
1
1
3½
-
2
1
7
2
11
53
Andorra
0
0
½
½
0
0
2
2½
1½
2
-
1
7
2
9
^ Although commonly referred to as the men's division , this section is open to both male and female players.
Official Unofficial Women's only Paralympiad Online