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![]() Three Dr16s heading a freight train at Hangas, near Pikkarala, northern Finland, 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Dr16 is a class of diesel-electric locomotives used by VR (Finnish Railways). The 23 locomotives have a single, off-centre cab and are currently VR's most powerful diesel locomotives. Their nickname is "Iso Vaalee" (Big Blonde). They are presently mainly used on heavy freight services in northern Finland; their main passenger duty is the haulage of trains on the non-electrified line between Kemi and Kolari in Lapland.[1] Dr16 locomotives were also used extensively on the line between Oulu and Rovaniemi, prior to the completion of the electrification of the line in 2004.[2]
History
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/VR_Dr16_locomotive_in_Oulu_Jul2009_001.jpg/220px-VR_Dr16_locomotive_in_Oulu_Jul2009_001.jpg)
In the beginning of the 1980s, Valtionrautatiet needed new locomotives to replace its aging Dr12 and Dv12 class diesel locomotives.[3] The company had installed a bigger engine on a Dr12 (which became the Dr15) and modified one Dv12 to run on electricity instead of diesel.[4] However, the company wanted a totally new locomotive, and finally chose Valmet's type M in 1983, with Strömberg providing the electrical components.[5] VR originally ordered 23 locomotives,[6] with an option of 20 more when the first series were delivered.[7]
Four prototypes
[edit]It was originally planned that two locomotives would be first built as prototypes,[6] the first of them being fitted with a Wärtsilä engine and the second one with the Pielstick.[8] When the first prototype ran on its own on 22 April 1985 for the first time,[9] there was a Pielstick engine under its engine cover, because the Wärtsilä one had proved three tons too heavy.[8] When completion of the Wärtsilä engine was delayed a second time, the second prototype was also fitted with a Pielstick. [10] Due to these engine problems, the number of prototypes was extended to four in January 1986.[10] The locomotives, numbered 2801–2804, were taken into service in 1985–1987:[11] the first two had a Pielstick engine, the latter two a Wärtsilä.[10] On 13 March 1989 VR confirmed that Pielstick engines would be fitted on all the upcoming locomotives.[12] The Wärtsilä engines were kept on the two prototypes, as refitting them would have been too costly.[13]
The main series
[edit]After an extensive testing programme, the 19 series locomotives were delivered between 1990 and 1992.[14] The manufacturer had anticipated a larger series to be ordered to replace old heavy line diesels (Dr12 and Dr13); however, the rapid progress of the electrification of Finnish main lines decreased the need for new heavy diesel locomotives and thus no further orders materialized.[12] The locomotives were designed and assembled in Finland, either by Valmet Oy at Tampere (numbers 2801–2809) or by Transtech Oy at Otanmäki and Taivalkoski (numbers 2810–2823).[15]
Technical information
[edit]Originally the engines were planned to be of Finnish design (Wärtsilä Vaasa 8R22), but after tests with two prototype locos, the engine type was changed into French Pielstick 12PA4-V-200VG.[16] The Pielsticks produced originally 1,660 kilowatts (2,230 hp), but in 1997 they were limited to an output of 1,500 kilowatts (2,000 hp) to increase durability.[17]
The locomotive was very modern at its time and it was among the first[6] to use microprocessor-controlled GTO thyristor inverter-driven three-phase asychronous AC motors.[18] The construction is modular,[19] and data is transmitted via optical fiber cables between modules.[citation needed] The maximum speed is 140 kilometres per hour (87 mph).[20] The maximum frequency of the inverters corresponds to 156 kilometres per hour (97 mph), and the locomotive has reached that in test runs.[citation needed] The locomotive provides 400 kW 1500 V electricity for heating of passenger cars.[21]
Livery
[edit]The first two prototypes were painted in a white/red livery to go with VR's recent InterCity brand, showcasing the VR logo next to the cab.[22][23] The final livery (starting from number 2803) added some grey on the side of the engine covers.[24] Two of the locomotives (numbers 2816[25] and 2819[26]) have been repainted in a new white/green livery in 2010 and 2011. These have been called Iso Kalpee (Finnish for "Big Pale") by railroad enthusiasts.[citation needed]
Fleet details
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Iin_junaonnettomuus%2C_ilmakuva_onnettomuuspaikalta.jpg/220px-Iin_junaonnettomuus%2C_ilmakuva_onnettomuuspaikalta.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Shunting_accident_in_Vartius%2C_Finland_2006-08-22_2.jpg/220px-Shunting_accident_in_Vartius%2C_Finland_2006-08-22_2.jpg)
Of a total of 23 built locomotives, five Dr16:s have been withdrawn from service and/or scrapped. This includes all of the prototype locomotives (numbers 2801–2804), which were withdrawn between 2004 and 2009.[27][28]
In addition to the prototypes, one series locomotive, number 2814, was scrapped in 2000 after sustaining serious damage in a level crossing accident near the municipality of Ii.[27][29] After the accident, the obstruction clearing device of the Dr16 was redesigned and strengthened according to the recommendation of the accident investigation board.[27][29]
Built | First test runs | Official delivery | Withdrawn | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2801 | 22 April 1985 | 25 June 1986 | 28 June 1989 | 20 January 2004 | Pielstick engine. |
2802 | 16 February 1986 | 16 March 1987 | 28 June 1989 | July 2009 | Pielstick engine. Closest to the series locomotives. |
2803 | 31 October 1986 | 30 December 1986 | 28 June 1989 | 20 January 2004 | Wärtsilä engine. |
2804 | 23 January 1987 | 30 September 1987 | 28 June 1989 | 30 November 2004 | Wärtsilä engine. |
Delivered | Withdrawn | |
---|---|---|
2805 | 28 December 1990 | |
2806 | 28 December 1990 | |
2807 | 28 December 1990 | October 2014 |
2808 | 28 December 1990 | October 2014 |
2809 | 11 February 1991 | |
2810 | 4 March 1991 | 6 July 2020 |
2811 | 10 April 1991 | |
2812 | 20 May 1991 | |
2813 | 25 June 1991 | |
2814 | 30 August 1991 | 9 February 2000 |
2815 | 27 September 1991 | |
2816 | 25 October 1991 | |
2817 | 22 November 1991 | |
2818 | 20 December 1991 | |
2819 | 23 January 1992 | |
2820 | 21 February 1992 | 23 February 2018 |
2821 | 26 March 1992 | |
2822 | 24 April 1992 | |
2823 | 30 June 1992 |
Sources: Pentikäinen 2006, pp. 40, 50, 60, 100, 128; Isovaalee.info
Variants
[edit]Ttm1
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ttm1_N-veturi.jpg/220px-Ttm1_N-veturi.jpg)
Also known as type N locomotive (Finnish: N-veturi) or Dv13. It is a smaller work locomotive that implements some of the components of the Dr16.[30] The two locomotives share also the same computer system.[30] It is owned nowadays by Maansiirto Veli Hyyryläinen Oy (part of Destia group).[citation needed]
Sx prototype
[edit]Valmet originally prepared the Dr12 to be modified as a full electric locomotive while building it, designing it for speeds up to 180 km/h (110 mph).[31] It was estimated that the electric and diesel variants would share 80% of their parts.[32] However, VR finally ordered the Sr2 locomotives from SLM and ABB.
References
[edit]- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, pp. 115–134.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, pp. 130–131.
- ^ Eonsuu, Honkanen & Pölhö 1995.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, p. 16.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, p. 19.
- ^ a b c Pentikäinen 2006, p. 20.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, p. 54.
- ^ a b Pentikäinen 2006, p. 30.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, p. 40.
- ^ a b c Pentikäinen 2006, p. 50.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, pp. 49–80.
- ^ a b Pentikäinen 2006, p. 74.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, pp. 74–75.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, p. 100.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, p. 99.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, pp. 30–31, 74.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, p. 127.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, pp. 104, 111.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, p. 106.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, p. 108.
- ^ "Dr16-veturi maailman huipulta". Resiina (in Finnish): 67–71. February 1989.
- ^ Maasalo, Esko (12 June 1986). "Vaunut.org - Kuva". Retrieved 15 June 2011.
- ^ Muurinen, Tapio (April 1988). "Vaunut.org - Kuva". Retrieved 15 June 2011.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, p. 59.
- ^ Pentikäinen, Petri P (28 February 2011). "2816 vihrein kuvioin liikenteessä" (in Finnish). Petrin Viestintä. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ^ Pentikäinen, Petri P (22 August 2010). "2819 valmis" (in Finnish). Petrin Viestintä. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ^ a b c Pentikäinen 2006, p. 128.
- ^ Pentikäinen, Petri P. "2802" (in Finnish). Petrin Viestintä. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ^ a b "B1/2000R Onnettomuus Iissä Akolan vartioimattomassa tasoristeyksessä 9.2.2000". Accident investigation board of Finland. 11 September 2000. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
- ^ a b Pentikäinen 2006, p. 112.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, p. 27.
- ^ Pentikäinen 2006, p. 29.
Literature
[edit]- Eonsuu, Tapio; Honkanen, Pekka; Pölhö, Eljas (1995). Suomen veturit osa 2. Moottorikalusto. Elokuvan Maailma. pp. 38–39. ISBN 952-5060-02-0.
- Pentikäinen, Petri P. (2006). Iso Vaalee. Petrin Viestintä. ISBN 952-92-0413-2.
External links
[edit]- "Finnish Diesel Locomotives". 4rail.net. Dr16.