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---|
Foreign relations of the Republic of Bulgaria are the Bulgarian government's external relations with the outside world. Bulgaria has generally good foreign relations with its neighbors and has proved to be a constructive force in the region[citation needed] under socialist and democratic governments alike. Promoting regional stability, Bulgaria hosted a Southeast European Foreign Ministers meeting in July 1996, and an OSCE conference on Black Sea cooperation in November 1995. Bulgaria also participated in the 1996 South Balkan Defense Ministerial in Albania and is active in the Southeast European Cooperative Initiative. Bulgaria's main focus is the Euro-Atlantic integration since 1997 and the efforts of the governments since then led to admission to NATO in 2004 and the European Union in 2007.[1] Its main allies are Greece and Romania, while it maintains good relations with Serbia and the rest of the Balkans. The Republic of North Macedonia is a very important state in Bulgarian foreign and internal policy due to the historical, ethnical and cultural connections.
Overview[edit]
After the end of Communist control of Eastern Europe in 1989, Bulgaria sought economic cooperative arrangements with Germany, Italy, France, Portugal, and Spain, as well as military cooperation with Romania, Greece, and Turkey. A start was made on easing tensions with its traditional enemy, Serbia.[2]
With their close historical, cultural, and economic ties, Bulgaria seeks a mutually beneficial relationship with Russia, on which it is largely dependent for energy supplies. Sporadic negotiations are underway among Greece, Bulgaria, and Russia for construction of the Burgas-Alexandroupoli pipeline to transport Caspian Sea oil from the Black Sea port of Burgas to Alexandroupoli on the northern Aegean coast.
Bulgaria's EU Association Agreement came into effect in 1994, and Bulgaria formally applied for full EU membership in December 1995. During the 1999 EU summit in Helsinki, the country was invited to start membership talks with the Union. On January 1, 2007 Bulgaria officially became a member of the European Union. In 1996, Bulgaria acceded to the Wassenaar Arrangement controlling exports of weapons and sensitive technology to countries of concern and also was admitted to the World Trade Organization. Bulgaria is a member of the Zangger Committee and the Nuclear Suppliers Group. After a period of equivocation under a socialist government, in March 1997 a UDF-led caretaker cabinet applied for full NATO membership, which became a reality in April 2004.
Bulgaria and the United States signed a Defense Cooperation Agreement in 2006 providing for military bases and training camps of the U.S. Army in Bulgaria, as part of the Pentagon's restructuring plan.
The HIV trial in Libya resulted in the release of Bulgarian nurses imprisoned by Muammar Gaddafi's government in Libya. French President Nicolas Sarkozy secured the release in exchange for several business deals.[3][4]
In November 2010, Bulgaria's Foreign Minister Nikolay Mladenov formally announced his team proposes to close seven embassies as part of a plan for restructuring and austerity measures.
Thus, in 2011, Bulgaria will most likely shut down its diplomatic missions in Sudan, Angola, Zimbabwe, Cambodia, Thailand, Mexico, and Tunisia. The choice is based on a scrutinizing financial analysis and on the necessity to optimize the diplomatic corps, the Ministry says. The staff of the Bulgarian diplomatic corps will be reduced by 15 people in total.
In June 2010, media reports claimed that Bulgaria considers closing a total of 30 of its diplomatic missions abroad. Currently, Bulgaria has 83 embassies, 6 permanent representations, 20 consular offices, and 2 diplomatic bureaus. The proposed closures have been backed by PM Borisov who described some of Bulgaria's embassies as useless.[5]
NATO[edit]
Bulgaria joined NATO's Partnership for Peace in 1994 and applied for NATO membership in 1997. During the November 2002 Prague Summit Bulgaria was one of seven former socialist countries invited to join the Alliance. Bulgaria became a member of NATO in March 2004. The country is also working toward NATO compatibility in communications and training, and has established a Peacekeeping Training Center.
UN[edit]
In 2003, Bulgaria was elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, proving to be one of 3 closest U.S. allies during the Iraqi Crisis, together with the UK and Spain. Bulgaria also presided the OSCE in 2004.
Illicit drugs[edit]
Major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals.
Diplomatic relations[edit]
# | Country | Date[6] |
---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
7 July 1879 |
2 | ![]() |
8 July 1879 |
3 | ![]() |
21 July 1879 |
4 | ![]() |
25 July 1879 |
5 | ![]() |
July 1879 |
6 | ![]() |
23 July 1879 |
7 | ![]() |
6 September 1879 |
8 | ![]() |
11 December 1879 |
9 | ![]() |
9 September 1880 |
10 | ![]() |
15 November 1897 |
11 | ![]() |
19 September 1903 |
12 | ![]() |
8 July 1909 |
13 | ![]() |
5 August 1910 |
14 | ![]() |
April 1914 |
15 | ![]() |
6 July 1914 |
16 | ![]() |
31 October 1915 |
17 | ![]() |
20 April 1918 |
18 | ![]() |
5 August 1918 |
19 | ![]() |
30 December 1918 |
20 | ![]() |
November 1919 |
21 | ![]() |
1919 |
22 | ![]() |
9 August 1920 |
23 | ![]() |
27 September 1920 |
24 | ![]() |
5 November 1925 |
25 | ![]() |
17 April 1931 |
26 | ![]() |
8 July 1931 |
27 | ![]() |
17 September 1934 |
28 | ![]() |
1935 |
29 | ![]() |
6 January 1938 |
30 | ![]() |
29 November 1948 |
31 | ![]() |
29 November 1948 |
32 | ![]() |
3 October 1948 |
33 | ![]() |
8 February 1950 |
34 | ![]() |
22 April 1950 |
35 | ![]() |
24 August 1954 |
36 | ![]() |
22 December 1954 |
37 | ![]() |
18 November 1955 |
38 | ![]() |
1 June 1956 |
39 | ![]() |
3 June 1956 |
40 | ![]() |
30 August 1956 |
41 | ![]() |
20 September 1956 |
42 | ![]() |
16 December 1956 |
43 | ![]() |
21 May 1958 |
44 | ![]() |
14 August 1958 |
45 | ![]() |
2 January 1959 |
46 | ![]() |
18 September 1960 |
47 | ![]() |
28 September 1960 |
48 | ![]() |
8 October 1960 |
49 | ![]() |
23 October 1960 |
50 | ![]() |
30 October 1960 |
51 | ![]() |
22 February 1961 |
52 | ![]() |
10 August 1961 |
53 | ![]() |
12 June 1961 |
54 | ![]() |
1 September 1961 |
55 | ![]() |
10 June 1962 |
56 | ![]() |
16 June 1962 |
57 | ![]() |
25 June 1962 |
58 | ![]() |
13 September 1962 |
59 | ![]() |
28 September 1962 |
60 | ![]() |
10 October 1962 |
61 | ![]() |
12 October 1962 |
62 | ![]() |
15 June 1963 |
63 | ![]() |
1 June 1963 |
64 | ![]() |
27 December 1963 |
65 | ![]() |
14 February 1964 |
66 | ![]() |
10 March 1964 |
67 | ![]() |
17 May 1964 |
68 | ![]() |
9 October 1964 |
69 | ![]() |
28 December 1964 |
70 | ![]() |
31 December 1964 |
71 | ![]() |
15 June 1965 |
72 | ![]() |
28 December 1965 |
73 | ![]() |
30 June 1966 |
74 | ![]() |
19 September 1966 |
75 | ![]() |
18 October 1967 |
76 | ![]() |
15 December 1967 |
77 | ![]() |
28 December 1967 |
78 | ![]() |
15 April 1968 |
79 | ![]() |
29 May 1968 |
80 | ![]() |
20 October 1968 |
81 | ![]() |
4 January 1969 |
82 | ![]() |
18 April 1969 |
83 | ![]() |
15 December 1969 |
84 | ![]() |
9 January 1970 |
85 | ![]() |
9 October 1970 |
86 | ![]() |
18 December 1970 |
87 | ![]() |
28 April 1971 |
88 | ![]() |
11 September 1971 |
89 | ![]() |
15 September 1971 |
90 | ![]() |
31 January 1972 |
91 | ![]() |
5 April 1972 |
92 | ![]() |
5 March 1973 |
93 | ![]() |
21 March 1973 |
94 | ![]() |
11 May 1973 |
95 | ![]() |
16 November 1973 |
96 | ![]() |
21 December 1973 |
97 | ![]() |
2 June 1974 |
98 | ![]() |
19 June 1974 |
99 | ![]() |
26 June 1974[7] |
100 | ![]() |
2 August 1974 |
101 | ![]() |
10 August 1974 |
- | ![]() |
24 August 1974 |
102 | ![]() |
1 November 1974 |
103 | ![]() |
20 June 1975 |
104 | ![]() |
25 June 1975 |
105 | ![]() |
20 November 1975 |
106 | ![]() |
15 May 1976 |
107 | ![]() |
15 June 1976 |
108 | ![]() |
22 March 1977 |
109 | ![]() |
25 March 1977 |
110 | ![]() |
6 June 1977 |
111 | ![]() |
16 November 1979 |
112 | ![]() |
20 December 1979 |
113 | ![]() |
23 December 1979 |
114 | ![]() |
18 April 1980 |
115 | ![]() |
5 June 1980 |
116 | ![]() |
9 June 1980 |
117 | ![]() |
10 June 1980 |
118 | ![]() |
15 August 1980 |
119 | ![]() |
16 August 1982 |
120 | ![]() |
24 February 1984 |
121 | ![]() |
14 August 1984 |
122 | ![]() |
9 October 1984 |
123 | ![]() |
10 October 1989[8] |
124 | ![]() |
23 March 1990 |
125 | ![]() |
6 June 1990 |
126 | ![]() |
11 June 1990 |
127 | ![]() |
17 June 1990 |
128 | ![]() |
17 October 1990 |
- | ![]() |
6 December 1990 |
129 | ![]() |
14 June 1991 |
130 | ![]() |
27 June 1991 |
131 | ![]() |
10 September 1991 |
132 | ![]() |
10 September 1991 |
133 | ![]() |
10 October 1991 |
134 | ![]() |
15 October 1991 |
135 | ![]() |
10 December 1991 |
136 | ![]() |
13 December 1991 |
137 | ![]() |
18 January 1992 |
138 | ![]() |
2 February 1992 |
139 | ![]() |
5 February 1992 |
140 | ![]() |
12 March 1992[8] |
141 | ![]() |
26 March 1992 |
142 | ![]() |
20 May 1992 |
143 | ![]() |
20 May 1992 |
144 | ![]() |
5 June 1992 |
145 | ![]() |
5 June 1992 |
146 | ![]() |
5 June 1992 |
147 | ![]() |
13 August 1992 |
148 | ![]() |
18 August 1992 |
149 | ![]() |
12 September 1992 |
150 | ![]() |
7 December 1992 |
151 | ![]() |
1 January 1993 |
152 | ![]() |
31 May 1993 |
153 | ![]() |
24 August 1993 |
154 | ![]() |
22 December 1993 |
155 | ![]() |
14 January 1994 |
156 | ![]() |
15 February 1994 |
157 | ![]() |
14 April 1994 |
158 | ![]() |
26 April 1994 |
159 | ![]() |
14 June 1994 |
- | ![]() |
11 November 1994 |
160 | ![]() |
23 November 1994[8] |
161 | ![]() |
30 January 1995 |
162 | ![]() |
20 March 1995 |
163 | ![]() |
12 January 1996 |
164 | ![]() |
30 April 2001[8] |
165 | ![]() |
7 June 2001[8] |
166 | ![]() |
21 January 2003[10] |
167 | ![]() |
11 September 2003 |
168 | ![]() |
7 May 2004[8] |
169 | ![]() |
20 September 2004 |
170 | ![]() |
2 August 2006[11] |
171 | ![]() |
13 February 2007[12] |
172 | ![]() |
27 September 2007[8] |
173 | ![]() |
27 April 2011[8] |
174 | ![]() |
28 April 2011[8] |
175 | ![]() |
18 May 2011[8] |
176 | ![]() |
20 September 2011[8] |
177 | ![]() |
25 May 2015[8] |
178 | ![]() |
14 February 2018[13] |
- | ![]() |
20 March 2018[14] |
179 | ![]() |
24 June 2019[8] |
180 | ![]() |
5 November 2020[8] |
Relations by region and country[edit]
Africa[edit]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
1964 |
|
![]() |
20 November 1975 | |
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Egypt relations
| |
![]() |
| |
![]() |
| |
![]() |
| |
![]() |
1 September 1961 |
|
![]() |
| |
![]() |
2 February 1992 | See Bulgaria–South Africa relations |
![]() |
1 July 1956 | See Bulgaria–Sudan relations
In 1967, Bulgaria sent the first Bulgarian ambassador to Khartoum. The activities of the Bulgarian embassy in Khartoum were terminated in April 1990.
|
![]() |
1956 |
|
Americas[edit]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
1931 |
|
![]() |
15 February 1994 |
|
![]() |
| |
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Canada relations | |
![]() |
| |
![]() |
8 May 1973 |
|
![]() |
| |
![]() |
| |
![]() |
| |
![]() |
6 January 1938 | See Bulgaria–Mexico relations
|
![]() |
2 December 1992 | 1992-12-02
|
![]() |
1969 |
|
![]() |
1903 | See Bulgaria–United States relations
Bulgarian-American relations, first formally established in 1903, have moved from missionary activity and American support for Bulgarian independence in the late 19th century to the growth of trade and commerce in the early 20th century, to reluctant hostility during World War I and open war and bombardment in World War II, to ideological confrontation during the Cold War, to partnership with the United States in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and growing political, military and economic ties in the beginning of the 21st century.
|
![]() |
|
Asia[edit]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
12 July 1961 |
|
![]() |
1932 | See Armenia–Bulgaria relations
|
![]() |
6 May 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Bulgaria relations
|
![]() |
4 October 1949 | See Bulgaria–China relations
|
![]() |
5 June 1992 | See Bulgaria–Georgia relations
|
![]() |
1954 | See Bulgaria–India relations |
![]() |
21 September 1956 | See Bulgaria–Indonesia relations
Bulgaria was among the States that recognized Indonesia's independence on September 21, 1956. The two countries established diplomatic relations on . Bulgaria has had an embassy in Jakarta since October 1958 and Indonesia has had an embassy in Sofia Since 1960.[45] |
![]() |
1897 | |
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Iraq relations
| |
![]() |
| |
![]() |
September 1959 | See Bulgaria–Japan relations
|
![]() |
5 July 1992 |
|
![]() |
19 September 1966 |
|
![]() |
22 April 1950 | See Bulgaria–Mongolia relations
|
![]() |
29 November 1948 |
|
![]() |
1970 | |
![]() |
1975 |
|
![]() |
23 March 1990 | See Bulgaria–South Korea relations
The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Република България began on 23 March 1990. |
![]() |
24 July 1954 | See Bulgaria–Syria relations
|
![]() |
10 April 1974 | |
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Turkey relations | |
![]() |
See Bulgaria–United Arab Emirates relations
| |
![]() |
12 September 1992 | See Bulgaria–Uzbekistan relations
|
![]() |
8 February 1950 | See Bulgaria–Vietnam relations |
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Yemen relations |
Europe[edit]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
See Albania–Bulgaria relations | |
![]() |
1878 | See Austria–Bulgaria relations
|
![]() |
26 March 1992 | |
![]() |
1879 |
|
![]() |
15 January 1992 |
|
![]() |
13 August 1992 | See Bulgaria–Croatia relations
|
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Cyprus relations
| |
![]() |
27 September 1920 | See Bulgaria–Czech Republic relations
|
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Denmark relations
| |
![]() |
20 May 1921 | See Bulgaria–Estonia relations
|
![]() |
5 August 1918 | See Bulgaria–Finland relations
|
![]() |
8 July 1879 | See Bulgaria–France relations
|
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Germany relations
| |
![]() |
1908 | See Bulgaria–Greece relations
Relations between Greece and Bulgaria have been very cordial since the 1950s, due to the strong cultural, political and religious ties between the two nations, preceded in the earlier 20th century by periods of intense mutual hostility. Since Bulgaria's independence in 1876, Greece and Bulgaria faced each other in three major wars: the Second Balkan War, the First World War and the Second World War, in which Bulgaria briefly occupied parts of northern Greece.
|
![]() |
1920 | See Bulgaria–Hungary relations
|
![]() |
1990 |
|
![]() |
1879 | See Bulgaria–Italy relations |
![]() |
20 March 2008 | See Bulgaria–Kosovo relations
|
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Latvia relations
| |
![]() |
| |
![]() |
||
![]() |
5 February 1992 | |
![]() |
2 August 2006 | See Bulgaria–Montenegro relations
|
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Netherlands relations
| |
![]() |
See Bulgaria–North Macedonia relations
| |
![]() |
21 August 1906 | |
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Poland relations | |
![]() |
1925 | See Bulgaria–Portugal relations
|
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Romania relations
Bulgarian relations with Romania featured regular official visits by the two presidents. Romanian-Bulgarian relations are developing "very intensively" because of EU accession, since Romania and Bulgaria joined together the European Union in 2007. Romania and Bulgaria have never had any serious conflicts, other than a territorial dispute over the Dobruja region in 1913-1940, now largely forgotten. Vidin and Calafat have perhaps the closest relations of any towns along this lower section of the Danube. There is a regular ferry service, so locals here have regular interchange with their neighbors across the border.
| |
![]() |
7 July 1879 | See Bulgaria–Russia relations
|
![]() |
18 January 1879 | See Bulgaria–Serbia relations
|
![]() |
1 January 1993 | See Bulgaria–Slovakia relations
|
![]() |
See Bulgaria–Slovenia relations | |
![]() |
8 May 1910 | See Bulgaria–Spain relations
|
![]() |
6 July 1914 |
|
![]() |
1905 |
|
![]() |
See Turkey in Asia Above | |
![]() |
1992 |
Ukrainian-Bulgarian relations are characterized by a constant active political dialogue at the highest level. Ukraine and Bulgaria actively cooperate and provide mutual support within the framework of regional and international organizations, such as the BSEC, the Central European Initiative, the OSCE, the Council of Europe, the United Nations. Bulgaria, has confirmed readiness to promote the European and Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine. It occupies an important place in the Balkan direction of Ukraine's foreign policy interests, which is due to the geopolitical position of the country in the Balkans, the proximity of interests in the Black Sea and the Danube region. Ukraine and Bulgaria are united by ethnic, linguistic and religious components, traditional economic, trade and cultural-historical ties. Bulgaria is an important market for Ukrainian products and the largest trade and economic partner of Ukraine in the Balkan region. In 2017, foreign trade between Ukraine and Bulgaria demonstrated growth dynamics. |
![]() |
1879 | See Bulgaria–United Kingdom relations
|
Oceania[edit]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() |
1972 | |
![]() |
|
See also[edit]
- List of diplomatic missions in Bulgaria
- List of diplomatic missions of Bulgaria
- List of joint US-Bulgarian military bases
References[edit]
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- ^ Stephane Lefebvre, "Bulgaria's foreign relations in the post-communist era: a general overview and assessment." East European Quarterly 28.4 (1994): 453-471.
- ^ "Former French leader Sarkozy held over Libyan funding inquiry". Reuters. 20 March 2018. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
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- ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian).
- ^ "Bulgária" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 21 July 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Diplomatic relations between Bulgaria and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Twenty Years of Diplomatic Relations: the Grand Master Receives the Vice President of Bulgaria". 11 November 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
- ^ "Демократична република Източен Тимор". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 21 July 2021.
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: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Установихме дипломатически отношения с Република Джибути". News.bg (in Bulgarian). 21 February 2007. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
- ^ "Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007" (in French). p. 44. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
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- ^ "Bulgarian embassy in Algiers".
- ^ "Bulgarian embassy in Luanda".
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- ^ "South African Embassy in Sofia".
- ^ "Bulgarian embassy in Tunis".
- ^ Tunisian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Bulgaria (in French only)
- ^ "Diplomatic relations list" (PDF). www.mfa.gov.bz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-30. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
- ^ "Министерство на външните работи - Намери посолство". Министерство на външните работи.
- ^ Bulgarian embassy in Ottawa Archived 2009-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "BG Consultores". www.bgconsultor.com.
- ^ Canadian Foreign Affairs and International Trade Office about the relations with Bulgaria Archived 2009-01-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Министерство на външните работи - Намери посолство". Министерство на външните работи.
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- ^ "Inicio". embamex.sre.gob.mx.
- ^ Paraguayan Ministry of Foreign Relations Archived 2009-06-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Relations about relations with Bulgaria (in Spanish only)". Archived from the original on 2011-05-26. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
- ^ "Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Afghan embassy in Sofia".
- ^ "Министерство на външните работи". Министерство на външните работи.
- ^ Bulgarian embassy in Yerevan Archived December 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ "技術力を太陽光発電台湾". www.azerembsof.com. Archived from the original on 2015-02-20. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
- ^ "Embassy of Bulgaria in Azerbaijan - VisaHQ". bulgaria.visahq.com.
- ^ "Министерство на външните работи". Министерство на външните работи.
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- ^ "Министерство на външните работи". Министерство на външните работи.
- ^ "Georgian embassy in Sofia". Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
- ^ "Министерство на външните работи". Министерство на външните работи.
- ^ "Embassy of India, Sofia, Bulgaria". www.indembsofia.org.
- ^ Official Website of the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Sofia, Bulgaria Archived 2009-06-26 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Министерство на външните работи". Министерство на външните работи.
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- ^ Iranian embassy in Sofia Archived 2009-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ "Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Iraqi embassy in Sofia".
- ^ "Bulgarian embassy in Tel Aviv".
- ^ "Israeli embassy in Sofia".
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- ^ "redirect". www.bg.emb-japan.go.jp.
- ^ "Kazakhstan, Astana, Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2020-08-30.
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- ^ "Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Lebanese embassy in Sofia".
- ^ "Bulgarian embassy in Islamabad".
- ^ Bulgarian embassy in Seoul Archived July 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "МВнР :: Корея, Сеул, Посолство на Република България".
- ^ South Korean embassy in Sofia Archived March 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "주 불가리아 대한민국 대사관".
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- ^ "Bulgarian embassy in Bangkok".
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- ^ Turkish embassy in Sofia Archived August 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ a b Bulgaria. Embassy Pages.
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