Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement Конференција шефова држава или влада несврстаних земаља / Konferencija šefova država ili vlada nesvrstanih zemalja (Serbo-Croatian) Конференција на шефови на држави или влади на неврзани земји (Macedonian) | |
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![]() Meeting at the House of the National Assembly | |
Host country | FPR Yugoslavia |
Date | September 1, 1961 | – June 9, 1961
Venue(s) | House of the National Assembly |
Cities | Belgrade |
Participants | ![]()
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Chair | Josip Broz Tito (President of Yugoslavia) |
Follows | first conference |
Precedes | 2nd Summit (Cairo, United Arab Republic) |
Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement (Serbo-Croatian: Конференција шефова држава или влада несврстаних земаља / Konferencija šefova država ili vlada nesvrstanih zemalja, Macedonian: Конференција на шефови на држави или влади на неврзани земји, Slovene: Konferenca voditeljev držav ali vlad neuvrščenih držav) on 1–6 September 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia was the first conference of the Non-Aligned Movement.[1] A major contributing factor to the organization of the conference was the process of decolonization of a number of African countries in the 1960s.[1] Some therefore called it the ″Third World's Yalta″ in reference to 1945 Yalta Conference.[1]
Twenty-five countries in total participated in Belgrade Conference, while 3 countries, Bolivia, Brazil and Ecuador, were observers.[2] The preparatory meeting of Non-Aligned Countries took place earlier that year in Cairo June 5–12, 1961.[3] One of the issues was division of the newly independent countries over the Congo Crisis which led to a rift and creation of the conservative and anti-radical Brazzaville Group and radical nationalist Casablanca Group.[1] All members of the Casablanca Group attended the conference, including Algeria, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Morocco and the United Arab Republic, while none of the Brazzaville Group was present.[1] The summit was followed by the 2nd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in Cairo.
The Conference[edit]
Vladimir Popović was the head of the Yugoslav State Committee for the Preparation of the Conference. The conference brought together 25 independent states. In addition to them, there were three states that had observer status, eleven socialist parties, trade unions from Japan and four other organizations. Socio-economic differences between participants were great and from the beginning participating states often showed different interests. Yugoslavia attached special importance to Latin American countries participation. The participation of these countries, along with the representatives of Europe, should have given the conference the character of a gathering where all parts of the world are represented, and avoid reduction to Afro-Asian meeting as it was case with some meetings before.
President Tito only partially succeeded bringing together all parts of the world to the conference. From Latin America, only Cuba was a full participant, while Bolivia, Brazil and Ecuador had observer status. The reason for that was the inability of these states to resist some pressure from the United States which wanted to preserve its role in the Western Hemisphere. The representatives of Yugoslavia were especially disappointed with Mexico's last minute cancelation. Of the European countries, only Cyprus and Yugoslavia as a host participated in the meeting.
Participants[edit]
Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan
Benyoucef Benkhedda, Head of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
U Nu, Prime Minister of Burma
Norodom Sihanouk, Chief of State of Cambodia
Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Ceylon
Cyrille Adoula, Prime Minister of Congo-Léopoldville and Antoine Gizenga, Deputy Prime Minister
Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President of Cuba
Makarios III, President of Cyprus
Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia
Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana
Louis Lansana Beavogui, Foreign Minister of Guinea
Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India
Sukarno, President of Indonesia
Hashem Jawad, Foreign Minister of Iraq
Saeb Salam, Prime Minister of Lebanon
Modibo Keïta, President of Mali
Hassan II, King of Morocco
Mahendra, King of Nepal
Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al Suwaiyel, Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia
Aden Adde, President of Somalia
Ibrahim Abboud, President of Sudan
Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia
Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of the United Arab Republic
Prince Seif el Islam el Hassan, Prime Minister of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia
Observers[edit]
José Fellman, Minister of Education of Bolivia and Jorge Gutierrez Allendrebe, minister plenipotentiary
Franco Filho de Mello, Brazilian Ambassador to Switzerland
Jose Joaquin Silva, Ecuadorian Ambassador to West Germany
See also[edit]
- Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement
- 50th Anniversary Additional Commemorative Non-Aligned Meeting
- 60th Anniversary Additional Commemorative Non-Aligned Meeting
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Ancic, Ivana (17 August 2017). "Belgrade, The 1961 Non-Aligned Conference". Global South Studies. University of Virginia.
- ^ Pantelic, Nada (2011). "The First Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries (in Serbian and English)". Exhibition Catalog. Archives of Yugoslavia. ISBN 978-86-80099-35-4.
- ^ "2011.- "The first conference of the Heads of state or Government of Non-aligned countries, Belgrade 1961"". Archives of Yugoslavia. Retrieved 28 July 2020.