![]() | |
Language | English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian, German, Korean, Portuguese, Japanese |
---|---|
Publication details | |
History | 2007–present |
Publisher | |
Frequency | Annual |
License | CC BY 4.0 |
ISO 4 | Find out here |
Indexing | |
ISSN | 2263-3693 |
Links | |
The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation. It was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business,[1]: 203 a British magazine. Until 2021 it was published by the World Intellectual Property Organization, in partnership with Cornell University, INSEAD, and other organisations and institutions,[2]: 333 [3] and based on both subjective and objective data derived from several sources, including the International Telecommunication Union, the World Bank and the World Economic Forum.[1]: 203
History[edit]
The index was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business,[1]: 203 a British magazine. It was created by Soumitra Dutta.[4]
Methodology[edit]
The index is computed by taking a simple average of the scores in two sub-indices, the Innovation Input Index and Innovation Output Index, which are composed of five and two pillars respectively. Each of these pillars describe an attribute of innovation, and comprise up to five indicators, and their score is calculated by the weighted average method.[5]
Since its inception in 2007, an increasing number of governments systematically analyze their annual GII results and design policy responses to improve their performance.[6][7][8][9][10] The index is mentioned in a resolution on science, technology and innovation for sustainable development adopted on 19 December 2019 by the General Assembly of the United Nations.[11]
The index has been criticized for giving excessive significance attributed to factors that aren’t integral to innovation. For instance, “Ease of Paying Taxes“, “Electricity Output“(half-weightage) and “Ease of Protecting Minority Investors” are factors alongside “Ease of Getting Credit” and “Venture Capital Deals“.[12]
Themes[edit]
Every two years the GII covers a theme related to innovation which goes beyond the innovation rankings. In 2020, the theme was “Who will finance innovation?” shedding light on the state of innovation financing by investigating the evolution of existing mechanisms and pointing to progress and remaining challenges. Previous GII themes covered health innovation, environmental innovation, agricultural and food innovation, and others.[13]
Ranking[edit]
The top 50 ranking for 2021:[14]
Country/Territory | Income Group
Rank |
Region | Region Rank | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Switzerland | 1 | Europe | 1 |
2 | Sweden | 2 | Europe | 2 |
3 | United States | 3 | Northern America | 1 |
4 | United Kingdom | 4 | Europe | 3 |
5 | South Korea | 5 | East Asia | 1 |
6 | Netherlands | 6 | Europe | 4 |
7 | Finland | 7 | Europe | 5 |
8 | Singapore | 8 | Southeast Asia | 1 |
9 | Denmark | 9 | Europe | 6 |
10 | Germany | 10 | Europe | 7 |
11 | France | 11 | Europe | 8 |
12 | China | 12 | East Asia | 2 |
13 | Japan | 13 | East Asia | 3 |
14 | Hong Kong | 14 | East Asia | 4 |
15 | Israel | 15 | Western Asia | 1 |
16 | Canada | 16 | Northern America | 2 |
17 | Iceland | 17 | Europe | 9 |
18 | Austria | 18 | Europe | 10 |
19 | Ireland | 19 | Europe | 11 |
20 | Norway | 20 | Europe | 12 |
21 | Estonia | 21 | Europe | 13 |
22 | Belgium | 22 | Europe | 14 |
23 | Luxembourg | 23 | Europe | 15 |
24 | Czech Republic | 24 | Europe | 16 |
25 | Australia | 25 | Oceania | 1 |
26 | New Zealand | 26 | Oceania | 2 |
27 | Malta | 27 | Europe | 17 |
28 | Cyprus | 28 | Western Asia | 2 |
29 | Italy | 29 | Europe | 18 |
30 | Spain | 30 | Europe | 19 |
31 | Portugal | 31 | Europe | 20 |
32 | Slovenia | 32 | Europe | 21 |
33 | United Arab Emirates | 33 | Western Asia | 3 |
34 | Hungary | 34 | Europe | 22 |
35 | Bulgaria | 35 | Europe | 23 |
36 | Malaysia | 36 | Southeast Asia | 2 |
37 | Slovakia | 37 | Europe | 24 |
38 | Latvia | 38 | Europe | 25 |
39 | Lithuania | 39 | Europe | 26 |
40 | Poland | 40 | Europe | 27 |
41 | Turkey | 41 | Western Asia | 4 |
42 | Croatia | 42 | Europe | 28 |
43 | Thailand | 43 | Southeast Asia | 3 |
44 | Vietnam | 44 | Southeast Asia | 4 |
45 | Russia | 45 | Europe | 29 |
46 | India | 46 | South Asia | 1 |
47 | Greece | 47 | Europe | 30 |
48 | Romania | 48 | Europe | 31 |
49 | Ukraine | 49 | Europe | 32 |
50 | Montenegro | 50 | Europe | 33 |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Jean-Eric Aubert (editor) (2010). Innovation Policy: A Guide for Developing Countries. Washington, DC: World Bank. ISBN 9780821382691.
- ^ Charles H. Matthews, Ralph Brueggemann (2015). Innovation and Entrepreneurship: A Competency Framework. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415742528.
- ^ "UK ranked as world-leader in innovation". Department for Business, Innovation & Skills. 17 September 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "2021-2022 Academic Partners for the Global Innovation Index". Portulans Institute. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
- ^ Soumitra Dutta, Bruno Lanvin, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent (editors) (2015). Global Innovation Index Report 2015. Fontainebleau; Ithaca; Geneva: INSEAD, Cornell and WIPO. ISBN 9782952221085. Archived 18 February 2016.
- ^ The Philippine Innovation Act declares the GII as a measure of innovation: https://neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/RA-11293-or-the-Philippine-Innovation-Act.pdf. This document in html format is here: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2019/ra_11293_2019.html
- ^ In July 2021, the Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters under the Prime Minister's Office in Japan decided on the Intellectual Property Promotion Plan 2021, setting forth a plan of annual action related to intellectual property for all ministries and agencies. In the first part of the plan, WIPO's GII is cited (p.5):https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/titeki2/kettei/chizaikeikaku20210713.pdf
- ^ The GII is also cited throughout the official Malaysian Government report, the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (RMK12): https://rmke12.epu.gov.my/en.
- ^ The Vietnamese Government makes reference to the GII in its resolution No. 01/NQ-CP dated January 2021 on solutions for implementation of socio economic development plan in 2021: https://english.luatvietnam.vn/resolution-no-01-nq-cp-dated-january-01-2021-of-the-government-on-major-tasks-and-solutions-guiding-the-realization-of-the-socio-economic-developmen-196535-Doc1.html
- ^ "UK ranked as world-leader in innovation". Department for Business, Innovation & Skills. 17 September 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ A/RES/74/229: Seventy-fourth session: Agenda item 20 (b): Globalization and interdependence: science, technology and innovation for sustainable development: Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2019. Accessed December 2021.
- ^ Dašić, Predrag; Dašić, Jovan; Antanasković, Dejan; Pavićević, Nina (2020). Karabegović, Isak (ed.). "Statistical Analysis and Modeling of Global Innovation Index (GII) of Serbia". New Technologies, Development and Application III. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 128: 515–521. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46817-0_59. ISBN 978-3-030-46817-0. S2CID 218917874.
- ^ https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/series/index.jsp?id=129
- ^ Soumitra Dutta, Bruno Lanvin, Lorena Rivera León, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent (editors) (2021). Global Innovation Index 2021. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization. ISBN 9789280533071.
Further reading[edit]
- Global innovation rankings: The innovation game. The Economist. September 17, 2015.