Cannabaceae

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This is a list of coolest stars and brown dwarfs discovered, arranged by decreasing temperature. The stars with temperatures lower than 2,000 K are included.

Kirkpatrick et al. 2021[1] has a more complete list of nearby objects with a temperature below 2,400 K. Objects with a temperature below 500 K from this paper were included in this list.

List

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Star name Temperature

(K)

Spectral type Distance (light years) Notes
WISE 0855–0714 285 Y4 7.426±0.039 [2]
WISE 0336-0143B[3] 295±10[4] Y1? 32.7[1] spectral type is not yet published, but should be around Y1 if we assume MIRI F480M is similar to W2 and by using Figure 13 from Kirkpatrick et al. 2012[5] Might be a later spectral type.
WISEA 0830+2837 300-350[6] >Y1[1] 26.87[1] uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0238-1332[1] 367±79 >Y1 58.66 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0402-2651[1] 367±79 >Y1 39.53 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
WISEU 0503-5648[1] 367±79 >Y1 33.18 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0940+5233[1] 367±79 >Y1 43.49 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 1257+7153[1] 367±79 >Y1 54.18 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 1446-2317[1] 367±79 >Y1 37.75 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 1930-2059[1] 367±79 >Y1 30.67 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 1935-1546[1] 367±79 >Y1 47.06 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 2230+2549[1] 367±79 >Y1 52.44 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 2256+4002[1] 367±79 >Y1 32.04 spectral type is an estimate
CFBDSIR 1458+10B 370 Y0 104
WISE 0825+2805[1] 376±88 Y0.5 21.37
WD 0806-661B[1] 377±88 Y1 62.80 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 0350-5658[1] 388±88 Y1 18.49
WISEA 2354+0240[1] 388±88 Y1 24.97
WISE 2209+2711[1] 389±88 Y0: 20.17
WISE 0647-6232[1] 393±88 Y1 32.78
WISEPA 1541-2250[1] 395±88 Y1 19.54
WISE 1828+2650 406±88[1] Y2V[7] 32.5 Temperature could be lower. If it is a binary, its components could be as cold as about 275-350 K.[8]
WISE 0535-7500[1] 410±88 >=Y1: 47.48
WISE 1405+5534 411±88[1] Y0.5(pec?)[1] 20.62
CWISEP 0321+6932[1] 412±79 Y0.5 47.61 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 1639-6847[1] 412±88 Y0pec 14.85
CWISEP 2356-4814[1] 412±79 Y0.5 56.62 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 0336-0143A[3] 440±24[9] Y0[1] 32.7[1]
WISEPA 1738+2732[1] 450±88 Y0 24.92
WISEPA 0410+1502[1] 451±88 Y0 21.56
WISE 2220-3628[1] 452±88 Y0 34.15
WISE 1534-1043 453±77[10] sdY? 53 possibly halo brown dwarf
WISE 1206+8401[1] 454±88 Y0 38.51
WISE 0146+4234B[1] 460±79 Y0 63.09
WISEA 0302-5817[1] 460±79 Y0: 54.45
CWISEP 0634+5049[1] 460±79 Y0 52.61 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0859+5349[1] 460±79 Y0 60.62 spectral type is an estimate
CWISE 0925-4720[1] 460±79 Y0 34.96 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0938+0634[1] 460±79 Y0 61.31 uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 1047+5457[1] 460±79 Y0 43.37 spectral type is an estimate
CWISE 1121-6232[1] 460±79 Y0 33.69 spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 1141-3326[1] 460±79 Y0 31.36
WISE 1217+1626 B 460±79[1] Y0-0.5 33
CWISE 1531-3306[1] 460±79 Y0 55.37 spectral type is an estimate
WISENF 1936+0408[1] 460±79 Y0 28.64 spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 2011-4812[1] 460±79 Y0 45.94 spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 2243-1458[1] 460±79 Y0 47,75 spectral type is an estimate
WISE 1112-3857[1] 461±88 T9 31.79
WISE 0734-7157[1] 462±88 Y0 43.78
WISE 0713-2917[1] 464±88 Y0 29.84
WISEPC 2056+1459[1] 464±88 Y0 23.16
WISE 0304-2705[1] 465±88 Y0~pec 44.62
WISE 0359-5401 467+16
−18[11] 		Y0[1] 44.31[1]
WISE 0943+3607[1] 468±88 T9.5 33.59
WISE 0833+0052[1] 472±88 (sd)T9 40.92 possible subdwarf
WISE 1542+2230[1] 472±88 T9.5 38.69
WISE 0811-8051[1] 479±88 T9.5: 32.91
WISEPA 2134-7137[1] 481±88 T9~pec 29.73 possible subdwarf
WISE 2212-6931[1] 487±88 T9 40.47
WISEPA 0751-7634[1] 492±88 T9 33.32
WISE 0335+4310[1] 492±88 T9 38.46
WISE 1217+1626 A 575 T8.5-9 33
UGPS J0521+3640 600–650 T8.5 26.7
2MASS 0939-2448 A/B 650[12] T8 17.4±0.4
2MASS 0415-0935 764 T8V 18.6±0.2
54 Piscium B 810 ± 50 T7.5V 36.32±0.02 [13]
2M 1237+6526 850[14] T6.5 46
2MASS J0348−6022 880 T7[15] 27.2
SCR 1845-6357B 950 T6 13.050±0.008
Epsilon Indi Bb 993 T6 12.05
2MASS 0243-2453 1,050 T6 35±1
Cha 110913-773444 1,350 M9.5 529
Epsilon Indi Ba 1,353 T1-1.5 12.05
2MASS 0036+1821 1,650 L3.5 28.51±0.05
2MASS 1507-1627 1,650 L5 24.12±0.06
OTS 44 1,700 M9.5 554
GD 165 B 1,755[16] L4[17] 109
S Cassiopeiae 1,800 S3,4–S5,8 3,100±300
RW Leonis Minoris 1,800[18] C4,3[19] 1,053[20]
V384 Persei 1,820[21] N
DENIS-P J1058.7−1548 1,850[22] L3 49
T Draconis 1,850[21] C6,2e
V346 Puppis 1,875[21] C
2MASS J0523-1403 1,939[23] L2.5V 41.62 The coolest main sequence star known as of 2023.
S Aurigae 1,940[21] C-N5+
V1426 Cygni 1,975[21] C7,2e

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Schneider, Adam C.; Marocco, Federico; Cayago, Alfred J.; Smart, R. L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Wright, Edward L.; Cushing, Michael C.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez (2021-03-01). "The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20-pc Census of 525 L, T, and Y Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 253 (1): 7. arXiv:2011.11616. Bibcode:2021ApJS..253....7K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abd107. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 227126954.
  2. ^ Luhman, K. L.; Tremblin, P.; Alves de Oliveira, C.; Birkmann, S. M.; Baraffe, I.; Chabrier, G.; Manjavacas, E.; Parker, R. J.; Valenti, J. (2023-12-05). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf*". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (1): 5. arXiv:2311.17316. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad0b72. ISSN 0004-6256.
  3. ^ a b Calissendorff, Per; De Furio, Matthew; Meyer, Michael; Albert, Loïc; Aganze, Christian; Ali-Dib, Mohamad; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Baron, Frederique; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline Kelly; Fontanive, Clémence; Gelino, Christopher R.; Gizis, John E. (2023-04-01). "JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05-014350.4". The Astrophysical Journal. 947 (2): L30. arXiv:2303.16923. Bibcode:2023ApJ...947L..30C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acc86d. ISSN 0004-637X.
  4. ^ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (25 Sep 2023). "The First Y Dwarf Data From JWST Show That Dynamic and Diabatic Processes Regulate Cold Brown Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 959 (2): 86. arXiv:2309.14567. Bibcode:2023ApJ...959...86L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acfdad.
  5. ^ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Mainzer, Amanda K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Tinney, C. G.; Parker, Stephen; Salter, Graeme (2012-07-01). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 753 (2): 156. arXiv:1205.2122. Bibcode:2012ApJ...753..156K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ^ Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Schneider, Adam C.; Meisner, Aaron; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Goodman, Sam; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Kuchner, Marc; Gagné, Jonathan; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Allers, Katelyn; Debes, John; Wisniewski, John (2020-06-01). "WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 895 (2): 145. arXiv:2004.12829. Bibcode:2020ApJ...895..145B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d25. ISSN 0004-637X.
  7. ^ Beichman, Charles A.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Barman, Travis S.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Wright, E. L. (2013-01-29). "The Coldest Brown Dwarf (Or Free Floating Planet)?: The Y Dwarf WISE 1828+2650". The Astrophysical Journal. 764 (1): 101. arXiv:1301.1669. Bibcode:2013ApJ...764..101B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/101. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118575478.
  8. ^ Cushing, Michael C.; Schneider, Adam C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Morley, Caroline V.; Marley, Mark S.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Mace, Gregory N.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A. (2021-10-01). "An Improved Near-infrared Spectrum of the Archetype Y Dwarf WISEP J182831.08+265037.8". The Astrophysical Journal. 920 (1): 20. arXiv:2107.00506. Bibcode:2021ApJ...920...20C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac12cb. ISSN 0004-637X.
  9. ^ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (25 Sep 2023). "The First Y Dwarf Data From JWST Show That Dynamic and Diabatic Processes Regulate Cold Brown Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 959 (2): 86. arXiv:2309.14567. Bibcode:2023ApJ...959...86L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acfdad.
  10. ^ Meisner, Aaron M.; Leggett, S. K.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Schneider, Adam C.; Tremblin, Pascal; Phillips, Mark (2023-08-01). "Exploring the Extremes: Characterizing a New Population of Old and Cold Brown Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (2): 57. arXiv:2301.09817. Bibcode:2023AJ....166...57M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acdb68. ISSN 0004-6256.
  11. ^ Beiler, Samuel A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Marley, Mark S. (2023-07-01). "The First JWST Spectral Energy Distribution of a Y Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 951 (2): L48. arXiv:2306.11807. Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..48B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace32c. ISSN 0004-637X.
  12. ^ Leggett, Sandy K.; Cushing, Michael C.; Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S.; Roellig, Thomas L.; Warren, Stephen J.; Burningham, Ben; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Lodieu, Nicolas; Lucas, Philip W.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Martín, Eduardo L.; McCaughrean, Mark J.; Pinfield, David J.; Sloan, Gregory C.; Smart, Richard L.; Tamura, Motohide; Van Cleve, Jeffrey E. (2009). "The Physical Properties of Four ~600 K T Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 695 (2): 1517–1526. arXiv:0901.4093. Bibcode:2009ApJ...695.1517L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1517. S2CID 44050900.
  13. ^ Luhman, K. L.; Patten, B. M.; Marengo, M.; Schuster, M. T.; Hora, J. L.; Ellis, R. G.; Stauffer, J. R.; Sonnett, S. M.; Winston, E.; Gutermuth, R. A.; Megeath, S. T.; Backman, D. E.; Henry, T. J.; Werner, M. W.; Fazio, G. G. (January 2007). "Discovery of Two T Dwarf Companions with the Spitzer Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal. 654 (1): 570–579. arXiv:astro-ph/0609464. Bibcode:2007ApJ...654..570L. doi:10.1086/509073. ISSN 0004-637X.
  14. ^ Liebert & Burgasser (2007). "On the Nature of the Unique Hα-emitting T Dwarf 2MASS J12373919+6526148". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 655 (1): 522–527. arXiv:astro-ph/0609793. Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..522L. doi:10.1086/509882. S2CID 18852560.
  15. ^ Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam; Marley, Mark S.; Apai, Dániel; Suárez, Genaro; Plavchan, Peter (2021-05-01). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-Cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 224. arXiv:2103.01990. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..224T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 232105126.
  16. ^ Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (2015-09-10). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 89611607.
  17. ^ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Reid, I. Neill; Liebert, James; Cutri, Roc M.; Nelson, Brant; Beichman, Charles A.; Dahn, Conard C.; Monet, David G.; Gizis, John E.; Skrutskie, Michael F. (1999-07-01). "Dwarfs Cooler than M: The Definition of Spectral Type L Using Discoveries from the 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astrophysical Journal. 519 (2): 802–833. Bibcode:1999ApJ...519..802K. doi:10.1086/307414. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 73569208.
  18. ^ Ramstedt, S.; Olofsson, H. (2014-06-01). "The 12CO/13CO ratio in AGB stars of different chemical type - Connection to the 12C/13C ratio and the evolution along the AGB". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: A145. arXiv:1405.6404. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423721. ISSN 0004-6361.
  19. ^ Cohen, M. (1979-03-01). "Circumstellar envelopes and the evolution of carbon stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 186 (4): 837–852. Bibcode:1979MNRAS.186..837C. doi:10.1093/mnras/186.4.837. ISSN 0035-8711.
  20. ^ Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Fouesneau, M.; Demleitner, M.; Andrae, R. (2021-03-01). "Estimating distances from parallaxes. V: Geometric and photogeometric distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (3): 147. arXiv:2012.05220. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..147B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd806. ISSN 0004-6256. Data about this star can be seen here.
  21. ^ a b c d e Bergeat, J.; Chevallier, L. (2005). "The mass loss of C-rich giants". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 429: 235–246. arXiv:astro-ph/0601366. Bibcode:2005A&A...429..235B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041280. S2CID 56424665.
  22. ^ Heinze, Aren N.; Metchev, Stanimir; Apai, Daniel; Flateau, Davin; Kurtev, Radostin; Marley, Mark; Radigan, Jacqueline; Burgasser, Adam J.; Artigau, Étienne; Plavchan, Peter (2013-04-08). "Weather on Other Worlds I: Detection of Periodic Variability in the L3 Dwarf DENIS-P J1058.7-1548 with Precise Multi-Wavelength Photometry". The Astrophysical Journal. 767 (2): 173. arXiv:1303.2948. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767..173H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/767/2/173. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 29406867.
  23. ^ Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (2015-09-10). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 1538-4357.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_coolest_stars

One thought on “Cannabaceae”

  1. Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
    View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction

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