In grammar, the elative case (abbreviated ELA; from Latin: efferre "to bring or carry out") is a locative grammatical case signifying that something comes from something, somewhere or someone.[1]
Usage[edit]
Uralic languages[edit]
In Finnish, the elative is typically formed by adding sta/stä, in Estonian by adding -st to the genitive stem, -õst in Livonian and -sto in Erzya. In Hungarian, the suffix -ból/-ből expresses the elative:[1]
- Finnish: talosta - "out of the house, from the house" (Finnish talo = "house") taloista - "out of the houses, from the houses" (Finnish talot = "houses")
- Estonian: majast - "out of the house, from the house" (Estonian maja = "house")
- Erzya: kudosto - "out of the house, from the house" (Erzya kudo = "house")
- Hungarian: házból - "out of the house" (Hungarian ház = "house")
In some dialects of Finnish it is common to drop the final vowel of the elative ending, which then becomes identical to the elative morpheme of Estonian; for example: talost. This pronunciation is common in southern Finland, appearing in the southwestern dialects and in some Tavastian dialects. Most other dialects use the standard form -sta.
Russian[edit]
In some rare cases the elative still exists in contemporary Russian, though it was used more widely in 17-18th cc. texts: и́з лесу (out of the forest), кровь и́з носу (blood from the nose), из Яросла́влю (from Yaroslavl).[2]
See also[edit]
Other locative cases are:
- Inessive case ("in")
- Illative case ("into")
- Adessive case ("on")
- Allative case ("onto")
- Ablative case ("off")
- Delative case ("off of a surface")
References[edit]
- ^ a b uusikielemme (2022-02-14). "The Elative Case (Mistä) – Finnish Grammar". Uusi kielemme. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
- ^ Ilola, Eeva (July 1995). "Spatial prepositions in Russian and their Finnish equivalents". Russian Linguistics. 19 (2): 187–218. doi:10.1007/bf01080721. ISSN 0304-3487.
Further reading[edit]
- Karlsson, Fred (2018). Finnish - A Comprehensive Grammar. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-82104-0.
- Anhava, Jaakko (2015). "Criteria For Case Forms in Finnish and Hungarian Grammars". journal.fi. Helsinki: Finnish Scholarly Journals Online.
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