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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS)
[Vol-6, Issue-4, Apr- 2019]
ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
Page | 324
Twin Tower High Rise Building Subjected To
Seismic Loading: A Review
Surendra Chaurasiya1, Sagar Jamle2
1M. Tech. Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Oriental University, Indore (M. P.), India
Email: chaurasiya4792@gmail.com
2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Oriental University, Indore (M. P.), India
Email: sj.sagarjamle@gamil.com
AbstractThe figurative tower which compliance all the
structural state of affairs are in trend. These structures
are not only constructed to deliver the present need but
also to show the domination among all over the world
which is also used as benchmark in the world. A number
of structures were build till date and all of those are
symbolic marvels like Petronas Tower in Kuala Lumpur,
Huaguoyuan towers in China, Imperial Tower in India,
Palm Tower in Doha and the list is myriad. Also a lot of
twin towers are under construction not only across the
world but also in India too. Such structures are made
possible by bridging the gap between these two towers by
various means like making the bridge or by RCC frame,
steel connections, etc. In this paper various papers are
studied to comprehend the concept and optimize the need.
The study on various research papers along with existing
towers help in deciding the objectives of the study and so
the optimizing parameters.
KeywordsConnected structure, lateral loading, linked
building, response spectrum analysis, Staad pro, Twin
tower.
I. INTRODUCTION
Conventional practices across the world to combat the
seismic forces and wind effects as it is more important
phenomenon now a days because of increasing
construction of skyscraper are obsolete and need new
practices and arrangements because the architectural and
structural demand is poles apart from earlier
construction. To full the increasing demand of living
space along with commercial space various efforts are
made to fulfill the need of hour.
Twin tower is the best example to rectify such kind of
problem which not only comply the demand but also a
mark of social and economic prosperity. The major aspect
in these kind of building is to bridge the gap by providing
a functional link which not only a architecture material
but encompasses various functional allocation of the
special structure due to a fact that the link proofs the
critical fragment of the structure. It is also seen that
without providing this link it is not structurally viable to
support such kind of structure and contest seismic and
wind loads.
To overcome such kind of problem it has been seen that
only bridging is not a single solution but by connected by
same means as the rest of building is made in bottom,
middle or at the top of the structure. Earlier various
efforts are made to accomplish the problem connected
structure but nowhere the research is done on
optimization of connecting part in the middle of building
at varying height.
So a detailed review and study is required in the field of
connected or linked structure for their stability analysis
which helps in suggesting the recent situation the further
need of research to optimize the suggested case contrary
to various parameters. So a G+12 storied model is created
with 13 different cases against several seismic
parameters. They are as follows:-
CASE A= G + 12 (no floor twin)
CASE B= G + 12 (01 floor twin)
CASE C= G + 12 (02 floor twin)
CASE D= G + 12 (03 floor twin)
CASE E= G + 12 (04 floor twin)
CASE F= G + 12 (05 floor twin)
CASE G= G + 12 (06 floor twin)
CASE H= G + 12 (07 floor twin)
CASE I= G + 12 (08 floor twin)
CASE J= G + 12 (09 floor twin)
CASE K= G + 12 (10 floor twin)
CASE L= G + 12 (11 floor twin)
CASE M= G + 12 (12 floor twin)
Response spectrum analysis is performed and the building
is analyzed for zone 4.
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS)
[Vol-6, Issue-4, Apr- 2019]
ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
Page | 325
Fig. 1: Isometric view of connected tower having floor
twin up to 6th floor.
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Wensheng LU and Xilin LU, in this paper various scaled
and connected multistoried high rise tower are modeled
tested on shaking table. In this analysis a new concept is
taken in to consideration that the effect of flexible transfer
floor. Dynamic behaviors of various models are compared
between theoretical analysis and tested results. For
shaking table test the models of following buildings are
made comprises of Guangzhou International Commercial
and Trade Plaza, Shanghai Kaixuanmen Mansion,
Shanghai BOCOM Financial Tower, Shanghai
Chongshou Commercial Plaza and Shanghai Pudong
Reception Center. All the models are made up of micro
concrete and fine reinforcement. Furthermore theoretical
analysis is done by using various models contains multi
tower with rigid podium, multi-towers with rigid podium,
rigid plate mass spring model and a new multi rigid block
model. The results of the study concluded that dynamic
behavior of connected tower with respect to conventional
multistoried building is usually different. The seismic
resistant ability is lower for building with door shape.
Large podium shows the significant behavior against the
couple action of high rise building between transfer
floors. Drift action generated due to increasing height is
controlled by flexible connections between linked
buildings. In U shape building the seismic response is
very crucial.
Ji Dongyu and Li Xiaofen, in this paper an effort is made
to analyses 23 storied high rise building in which the
bottom three floors are made for commercial housing and
the rest of 20 floors are two symmetrical towers
connected at 20th story by connecting plates. The study is
carried out by finite element analysis in ANSYS software
in which the aforesaid high rise twin tower is analyzed by
time history analysis for seismic response. The building is
connected by RCC plates and pile foundation is adopted
at base. Building is analyzed for seismic intensity of
7degrees. Model is tested against various seismic
parameter like horizontal displacement, horizontal
acceleration, etc. in this analysis is focused on third floor
and twenty third floor of the building to find the behavior
of seismic parameters against seismic action. The results
of the study shows the maximum horizontal displacement
at twenty third floor is 0.078m at 2.26sand the horizontal
acceleration for the same level is 1.90m/s2 at 1.64s.
Similarly for third floor the maximum value recorded of
horizontal displacement is 0.006m at 4.20s also horizontal
acceleration is found 0.69m/s2 at 4.45s. These numerical
value obtained by time history analysis in ANSYS
suggest that the assumed connected structured model is
safe for seismic action taken for consideration also
economic and reasonable as per engineering practices.
Diagoro Isobe, Li Thi Thai Thanh and Zion Sasaki, this
study presents the performance against collapse behavior
of connected high rise tower by numerical simulations. In
this study numerous simulations are done for to analyses
the actual cause of collapse of World Trade Center tower
in terrorist attack dated on 9/11. To examine the impact
forces of dynamic unloading in the core columns a fully
scaled structure of World Trade Center is modeled to
analyze aircraft impact assessment. Several numerical
codes are assumed and analyzed to assess the cause of
that havoc. For analysis a linear Timoshenko beam
element is taken for consideration. The results of the
study suggests that whole collapse in World Trade Center
is not only because of reduction of strength of members
due to increase in temperature and buckling but because
of the fact that the connections in the members is very
weak and also due to impact caused by aircraft which
creates havoc in column section by destruction of its
splices. It is also observed that out of the two towers of
World Trade Center one were remained stand for a longer
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS)
[Vol-6, Issue-4, Apr- 2019]
ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
Page | 326
time with respect to another one due to reason of
symmetrical structural deficiency.
Xiaohan Wu, Jun Wang and Jiangyong Zhou, in this
paper author perform research on four multistory tower
interconnected on the top floor by a sky corridor bridge.
In this analysis seismic action is controlled by tuned mass
damper. Corridor is taken as friction pendulum tuned
mass damper. The connecter bridge used to bake for path
between four towers is connected by flexible links.
Perform 3-D software is used to analyze the 3-D model of
the framed multistoried connected tower developed by
Nosa CAD, Elastoplastic time history analysis is used to
analysis the model in Perform 3-D and the seismic
parameters are haul out from software and compared
against nonlinear response obtained in the result. The
model is compose of 8 multi storey framed structure in
which 6 storey is used for commercial purposes and
bottom three storey is used for basement. All the building
specifications are taken as per Chinese Code like C30
concrete is used in RCC members and C60 is used for
core tube wall. The result of the study shows that the
concept of frequency pendulum tuned mass damper is
found successful which reduce not only seismic action
and also deformation along with damage extent. When the
tower and corridor are connected by rigid connections
then the relative displacement developed in the tower is
resisted by isolation devices.
S Radhakrishnan, Dr K g Selvan, Dr S Senthil Kumar,
author raises an serious issue with this paper regarding
poor contruction practices and and negligence of primary
conditions like soil report etc. in this paper the case study
is done on an under construction 11 storied building that
is a twin tower that is swallowed by collapse located at
Moulivakkam, porur. The major issue raised is that one
building is fallen by itself during its own construction and
the other tower that was half built was devastated by
imploding. There is very extensive research work is
carried out by the author to find out all the possible reason
of this havoc. Actually the main reason of all this incident
is the death of 61 workers in the construction site by
collapsing of building by its own which bring this media
and finally to court. To analyze the case study the authors
firstly identify the builder with all of its qualification with
all the proper approvals released by the state authority.
Later the architectural and structural plans are again
assessed according to building requirements. After that
the soil study is carried out. Timeline is also presented in
the paper as evidence to show the exact details
chronologically. The results of the study shows that lack
of knowledge and construction practices adopted by
builders are the primary reason of this havoc. The team
selected for this kind of construction right from labor to
architect and engineers is not adequate and qualified for
this type of construction. Also the material should be
chosen for these types of structures are not as per
specification. Soil testing is not performed in proper
manner as foundation plays important role in this type of
structure. Also the structural drawings are not completely
tested and the work is not executed in the site as per
instruction. Similarly various loopholes are found in this
construction work which results in happening of such
perilous disaster.
M. R. Willford and R. J. Smith, here author presents the
design of two multistoried connected tower situated in
manila, which is a susceptible area confined by typhoon
winds and affected by seismic forces evaluated as UBC-
97 and zone 4. The building height is 210m and 30m in
plan. The building is designed for both wind and seismic
forces by performance based method. Both the towers are
made up of reinforced concrete and random arrangement
of columns and walls at the perimeter of the structure
along with an outrigger system that is 2 stories deep for
50 percent height of tower. Vertically acting fluid viscous
dampers are used to connect outrigger with the adjacent
column. The damping system used in the tower is termed
as Arup damped outrigger system which is a non-tuned
system and utilizes much lower space as compared to
tuned devices. The result of the study shows that with the
use of this non tuned damping system wind action is
considerably controlled. Other than that seismic forces are
resisted by the adopted performance based design which
not only make structurally viable but also economical. In
this design method 30% concrete is saved as compared to
conventional code based design procedure. Also the steel
density is controlled by a proportionate amount of 100
kg/m3 that is not possible by code’s analysis and design.
Andrew Luong and Michael Kwok, in this study authors
makes an attempt to the solution of vertical irregularity of
structures by connecting towers. Various key aspects are
taken into consideration comprises of wind tunnel action,
resistance against vertical earthquake loading, comfort
under vibration and wind action and lastly diaphragm
action in critical members. One storey deep steel trusses
are used to support the connecting portion of tower at the
lowest floor. Belt trusses are used to counter lateral
forces. The building is spread in a very large area of
4,50,000 m2. The results of the study shows that simply
the linking of top part of the cantilever linked path is not
simple but made possible by steel bracing system,
external continuous dia-grid tube system. The wind and
seismic action is resisted by reducing the floor plates in
the east-west direction and upper half portion of the
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS)
[Vol-6, Issue-4, Apr- 2019]
ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
Page | 327
structure. Also the building make economically feasible
by using composites i.e. steel and RCC members
wherever required along with small outriggers which
helps in reduction of structural steel to a considerable
amount and approximately 250kg/m2 is utilized which is
about 50-100 kg/m2 lesser from conventional methods.
Eldemery Ibrahim, in this paper author marks an impact
of high rise multistory building its necessity in the present
developing world and the effect they imposed. With an
example it is explained that high rise is not only solution
especially for every part of the world like In Egypt its
whole population chosen only 4% of land space out of
entire Egypt. In the present time it is assumed that tall
skyscraper is the landmark and new pride figure for any
country. In this paper author explaining the effect of
multistoried structure and the requirement of setting limit
by the respective government while using these tall
buildings as a tool of urban development and need of
making guidelines to control the alarming situation
produced by this. Various facts are analyzed its
requirement and so its impact in the society, how
sustainable are these buildings, their influence in
developing countries and developed countries where the
effective available land share is a big constraint whether
to use it as assets or ignoring in the crowd and name of
urbanization. In the conclusions is demonstrated that this
skyscraper phenomenon is gobbling the world. By
comparing two countries one is developing i.e. Egypt and
another one is developed i.e. Japan the situation is very
differ for both the cases because in the previous case the
land resources are present in adequate amount but in later
case land scarcity proofs the use of high rise structure is
the only solution left for their present and upcoming
population increment. In the former we have option to
utilize desserts as option but in the second case we do not
have any option left other than multistory concept.
Ji Dongyu, Li Lamei, in this paper the study presents the
vibration model for a structure to analyze the impact and
finding probable options to bear dynamic actions. In this
exploration Simulation is done by Finite element method.
The building is used for teaching purpose which is spread
in a vast area of 8425 m2 where ground floor is kept
slightly lofty with a height of 7m in 6 storey building and
in rest of building is floor height is kept constant for
4.2m. The building is analyzed as per Chinese building
code and all the input parameters are set as per their
standards. C40 concrete is used in construction, modulus
of concrete is 32.5 GPa whereas Modulus of elasticity for
foundation is kept 0.261 GPa. To perform the real time
simulation Saint-Venant’s principle is used in which the
length of foundation taken as 100m, width is taken 30m
and the depth of foundation is taken as 2m. The result of
the study shows that the required dynamic characteristics
are found to be more complex for assumed framed
structure of teachers building. While taking about
deciding parameters the vibration mode of first and
second order proven to be of higher importance than
transitional vibration mode. Finally the stiffness of the
building is found minimum in case of transverse direction
and maximum in case of vertical direction whereas
longitudinal direction comes at middle in between these
two directions.
Niels H. Harrit et. al., In this paper author presents the
study in which a new material is accidentally discovered
from dust generated from 9/11 terrorist attack. While
checking the various samples after destruction of huge
twin tower some specific red/grey chips were found in
every sample collected for detailed analysis. Overall 4
samples are collected from different locations. One of
those samples is collected from Manhattan, just after 10
minute of collapse, on the very next day two samples are
taken and finally after one week last sample is collected.
The red/grey chips found in all the samples collected from
different sources and on different dates. Various modern
techniques are used to analyze these chips consists optical
microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy
dispersive spectroscopy and differential scanning
calorimetry, in the red material granular particles are
found of 100nm mostly composed of oxides of iron and
some very small plate like structure is found in which
traces of aluminum is identified. When tested by ignition
they shows a different exothermic behavior that is much
lower than normally found thermites. Based on various
conclusion drawn from chemical analysis it is concluded
that the red/grey chips found in the dust is unreacted
thermitic material, also the material is chemically active,
nanotechnology is incorporated in this material and the
most important is that this material is explosive in nature
and highly energetic pyrotechnic.
III. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLINE OF
PROPOSED WORK
So far by reviewing and studying numerous research
papers it has been analyzed that in the field of stability of
multistoried twin tower against seismic and wind loads it
is required to analyze the connected structure with various
possibilities of structural stability by various means and
its optimum location in the building. Here we come at
conclusion drawn from studying the above review the
position location of connector in the building is optimized
so as to resist seismic loading.
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS)
[Vol-6, Issue-4, Apr- 2019]
ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
Page | 328
The conclusive outcomes drawn from the study are
enlisted below:
1. A multistoried building is taken for analysis with 13
floors in which floor twins is modeled up to 12th
floor. Total of 13 cases are proposed with floor
twins are varies floor height and the optimum
condition is identified to resist seismic action. The
tower is analyzed for zone 4 against medium soil
type.
2. The study is conducted for both the directions viz.
lateral and longitudinal direction.
3. Study is completed against various seismic
parameters consists maximum displacement and
storey drift in bot X & Z direction.
4. Conclusively the optimum case out of various cases
is suggested with the help of above numerical data
and Staad analysis.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I, Surendra Chaurasiya, M. Tech. Scholar, would like to
thank Mr. Sagar Jamle, Assistant Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering Oriental University Indore, for his
valuable guidance from the commencement of the work
up to the completion of the work along with his
encouraging thoughts.
REFERENCES
[1] Wensheng LU and Xilin LU, (2000), “Seismic Modal
Test ansd Analysis of Multi-tower High-Rise
Buildings”, 12th World Conference on Earthquake
Engineering, pp. 0281.
[2] Ji Dongyu and Li Xiaofen, (2014), “Seismic
Behavior Analysis of High-Rise Connected
Structure”,
International
Conference
on
Mechatronics, Electronics and Control Engineering,
Atlantis Press, pp. 1167-1170.
[3] Diagoro Isobe, Li Thi Thai Thanh and Zion Sasaki,
(2012), “Numerical Simulations on the Collapse
Behavior of High-Rise Towers”, Vol. 3, No. 1.
[4] Xiaohan Wu, Jun Wang and Jiangyong Zhou, (2018),
“Numerical Simulations on the Collapse Behavior of
High-Rise Towers”, Volume 2018, Artcle ID
1865761.
[5] S Radhakrishnan, Dr K g Selvan, Dr S Senthil
Kumar, (2017) “Collapse of Trust – Moulivakkam
Twin Towers”, Volume 4, Issue 1, ISSN: 2394-
5923(p), pp 37-46.
[6] M. R. Willford and R. J. Smith, (2008) “Performance
Based Seismic and Wind Engineering for 60 Story
Twin Tower in Manila”, 14th World Conference on
Earthquake Engineering.
[7] Andrew Luong and Michael Kwok, (2012), “Finding
structural Solutions by Connecting Towers”, CTBUH
Journal, Issue 3, pp. 26-31.
[8] Eldemery Ibrahim, (2007), “High-Rise Buildings –
Needs & Impacts”, CIB, World Building Congress,
pp. 1998-2008.
[9] Ji Dongyu, Li Lamei, (2014), “Modal Analysis of
Frame Structure Teaching Building”, International
Conference on Mechatronics, Electronics and Control
Engineering, Atlantis Press, pp. 1167-1170.
[10] Niels H. Harrit et.al., (2009), “Active Thermitic
Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World
Trade Center Catastrophe”, The Open Chemical
Physics Journal, Volume 2, pp. 7-31.

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