"The point of the Fourth Amendment, which often is not grasped by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from evidence. Its protection consists in requiring that those inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate instead of being judged by the officer engaged in the often …

"The primary reason for the warrant requirement is to interpose a `neutral and detached magistrate'between the citizen and `the officer engaged in the often competitive enterprise of ferreting out crime.'"

"*** When the right of privacy must reasonably yield to the right of search is, as a rule, to be decided by a judicial officer, not by a policeman or Government enforcement agent."

—consent invalid when "granted in submission to authority rather than as an understanding and intentional waiver of a constitutional right

The majority opinion demands so little of the government to justify a warrantless entry into a home, it "reduce [s] the [Fourth] Amendment to a nullity and leave [s] the people's homes secure only in the discretion of police officers."

There are exceptional circumstances in which, on balancing the need for effective law enforcement against the right of privacy, it may be contended that a magistrate's warrant for search may be dispensed with

The Fourth Amendment requires that "a search warrant must be issued by a neutral and detached magistrate,"

The Supreme Court of the United States has held that an odor may be sufficient to establish probable cause for the issuance of a search warrant.

—out crime. Any assumption that evidence sufficient to support a magistrate's disinterested determination to issue a search warrant will justify the officers in making a search without a warrant would reduce the Amendment to a nullity and leave the people's homes secure only in the discretion of police officers.... When the right of privacy must reasonably yield to the right of …