The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Khartoum , Sudan .
This is a
dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with
reliable sources .
Prehistoric times [ edit ]
circa 5000 BCE, first documented skull, human bones and tools found in 1945[1] [2]
19th century [ edit ]
1821 - Settlement established by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt .
1824 - "Egyptian governor Uthman Bey establishes Khartoum as a military centre."[3]
1826 - Ali Khurshid Pasha in power.[3] [4]
1829 - Mosque built.[4]
1830 - Town becomes capital of "the Sudanese possessions of Egypt."
1838 - Disease outbreak; capital relocated temporarily to Shendi .
1840 - Flood.
1841 - Flood.
1854 - Muhammad Sa'id Pasha in power.[4]
1856 - Disease outbreak; capital relocated temporarily to Shendi .
1862 - Chamber of Commerce established.[4]
1866 - Consulates of Austria, France, Italy, Persia, and Tuscany established.[4]
1869 - Flood.
1874 - Flood.
1878 - Flood.
1884 - 13 March: Siege of Khartoum begins.
1885
1898
2 September: Conflict between Mahdist and British forces.
Seat of government relocates to Khartoum from Omdurman.
1899
20th century [ edit ]
Aerial view of Khartoum, 1936
21st century [ edit ]
Aerial view of the cities of Omdurman (top left), Khartoum (lower half), and Bahri (top right), 2005
2010 - Population: 4,516,000 (urban agglomeration).[21]
2012
June: Economic protest.[26]
October: al-Yarmook armament factory bombed.[27]
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ Arkell, A. J. (1945). "The Excavation of an Ancient Site at Khartoum" . Sudan Notes and Records . 26 (2): 329–331. ISSN 0375-2984 . JSTOR 41716489 .
^ Addison, F. (September 1950). "Early Khartoum. An account of the excavation of an early occupation site carried out by the Sudan Government Antiquities Service in 1944–5. By A. J. Arkell" . Antiquity . 24 (95): 151–154. doi :10.1017/S0003598X00023176 . ISSN 0003-598X – via https://www.cambridge.org .
^ a b c d e f g Abdel Salam Sidahmed; Alsir Sidahmed (2004). "Chronology". Sudan . Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-47947-4 .
^ a b c d e f g h Robert S. Kramer; et al. (2013). "Khartoum". Historical Dictionary of the Sudan (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 247+. ISBN 978-0-8108-6180-0 .
^ Sudan Gazette . WorldCat. OCLC 503943049 .
^ "Henry Wellcome's tropical medicine laboratories" . London: Wellcome Trust . 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2013 .
^ Heather J. Sharkey (2003), Living with Colonialism: Nationalism and Culture in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan , University of California Press, ISBN 9780520235588
^ "International Coalition on Newspapers" . Chicago, US: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 28 January 2013 .
^ E. N. Corbyn (1944). "The Kitchener School of Medicine at Khartoum, Sudan". Journal of the Royal African Society . 43 (171): 66–68. JSTOR 717807 .
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants" . Demographic Yearbook 1965 . New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations . 1966.
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs , Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants" . Demographic Yearbook 1975 . New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book }}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link )
^ ArchNet . "Khartoum" . MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012.
^ "Sudan: A Historical Perspective" . Georgia, US: Sudan.Net. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013 .
^ a b "Khartoum" . Islamic Cultural Heritage Database . Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013 .
^ a b c d e f The State of African Cities 2014 . United Nations Human Settlements Programme . 10 September 2015. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0 . Archived from the original on 10 September 2014.
^ Barry M. Rubin (2010). Guide to Islamist Movements . M.E. Sharpe . ISBN 978-0-7656-4138-0 .
^ United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants" . 1995 Demographic Yearbook . New York. pp. 262–321. CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link )
^ Regional Integration in Africa . OECD and African Development Bank. 2002.
^ a b Karen Fung, African Studies Association (ed.). "Sudan Newspapers" . Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources . Retrieved 28 January 2013 – via Stanford University, US.
^ "Sudan Profile: Timeline" . BBC News. 9 July 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2014 .
^ Andreas Mehler; et al., eds. (2013). "Sudan". Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012 . Vol. 9. Koninklijke Brill. p. 398+. ISBN 978-90-04-25600-2 .
Bibliography [ edit ]
Published in 20th century
"Omdurman, Khartoum North, and Khartoum" , Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: a compendium prepared by officers of the Sudan government , London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1905
Arkell, A. J. Early Khartoum. CUP, Cambridge 1949.
Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge (1906), "Khartum" , Cook's Handbook for Egypt and the Sudan (2nd ed.), London: T. Cook & Son, OCLC 7434398
Eustace A. Reynolds-Ball (1907), "Khartoum" , Cairo of To-Day (5th ed.), London: Adam & Charles Black
"Khartum" . Guide to Egypt and the Sudan (5th ed.). London: Macmillan and Co. 1908.
"Khartum" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 773.
"Khartum and Omdurman" , Egypt and the Sudan (7th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker , 1914
McLean, W. H. The planning of Khartoum and Omdurman; transactions of the Town Planning Conference, October 1910. London 1919.
El-Bushra, El-Sayed (1979). "Some Demographic Indicators for Khartoum Conurbation, Sudan". Middle Eastern Studies . 15 (3): 295–309. doi :10.1080/00263207908700413 . JSTOR 4282756 . PMID 11614947 .
H. R. J. Davies (1994). "A Rural 'Eye' in the Capital: Tuti Island, Khartoum, Sudan". GeoJournal . 33 (4): 387–392. doi :10.1007/BF00806421 . JSTOR 41146238 . S2CID 154051487 .
Stevenson, R. C. (1966). "Old Khartoum, 1821-1885" . Sudan Notes and Records . 47 : 28f. ISSN 0375-2984 . JSTOR 44947302 – via JSTOR.
R.P.D. Walsh; et al. (1994). "Flood Frequency and Impacts at Khartoum since the Early Nineteenth Century". Geographical Journal . 160 (3): 266–279. doi :10.2307/3059609 . JSTOR 3059609 .
Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Khartoum". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa . UK: Routledge. pp. 420+. ISBN 1884964036 .
Walkley, C. (1935). The story of Khartoum. Sudan Notes and Records, 18(2), 221–241.
Published in 21st century
Galal Eldin Eltayeb (2003). "The Case of Khartoum, Sudan" . Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003 . United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London.
Paul Tiyambe Zeleza ; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Khartoum, Sudan". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History . Routledge. ISBN 0415234794 .
Kevin Shillington , ed. (2005). "Khartoum". Encyclopedia of African History . Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6 .
Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008), "Khartoum", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa , Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO
Sara Pantuliano ; et al. (2011), City Limits: Urbanisation and Vulnerability in Sudan: Khartoum Case Study , London: Overseas Development Institute – via International Relations and Security Network
External links [ edit ]
Years in
Sudan (1956–present)
15°38′00″N 32°32′00″E / 15.633333°N 32.533333°E / 15.633333; 32.533333