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Solar eclipse of September 10, 1923
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma0.5149
Magnitude1.043
Maximum eclipse
Duration217 s (3 min 37 s)
Coordinates34°42′N 121°48′W / 34.7°N 121.8°W / 34.7; -121.8
Max. width of band167 km (104 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse20:47:29
References
Saros143 (18 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000)9335
Photographed from Proto Libertad, Sonora, Mexico

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, September 10, 1923, with a magnitude of 1.043. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. The path of totality started at the southeastern tip of Shiashkotan in Japan (now in Russia) on September 11, and crossed the Pacific Ocean, southwestern California including the whole Channel Islands, northwestern and northern Mexico, Yucatan Peninsula, British Honduras (today's Belize), Swan Islands, Honduras, and Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo in Colombia on September 10. The eclipse was over 90% in Los Angeles, San Diego, and Santa Barbara on the Southern California coast.

Viewings[edit]

Howard Russell Butler painting composed in Lompoc, California

At Santa Catalina Island, off the coast of California, a large group of scientists gathered to observe the eclipse were foiled by clouds, with the Los Angeles Times saying that "nothing of the eclipse was seen save two glimpses that showed the crescent of the sun, a sickly, white watermelon rind with the wavering black moon and a few rags of black clouds fast blotting out the white light":[1]

All day the scientists from Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago, from the University of Wisconsin, from Dearborn University, from Drake University and Carleton College, had rehearsed and rehearsed to the counting of the seconds and there they stood now while the moon covered the sun and the world was dark and still, and though the counter counted there was no possibility of taking pictures; no chance of seeing anything but that gray, blue, purple shadow moving across the sky.[1]

Even as late as 11:30 when the eclipse began, the scientists had hopes. They had come thousands of miles, had worked hard, had spent much money, all for a few minutes of clear sky. They had worked in the sweltering sun for weeks and weeks 1302 feet above the sea. There had not been one moment of one day that was not flooded with sunshine. "And surely," said Prof. Edwin Frost of the University of Chicago, "surely we will have these few minutes today."[1]

In Bakersfield, where the last eclipse of the Sun had taken place 123 years earlier, many watched the eclipse from streets, chickens were confused, and "all the astronomical apparatus of Bakersfield" was trained on the eclipse.[2] In New York City the eclipse, while partial, was viewed successfully; in the area of totality, it was "studied by astronomers who [were] depending on it to help them test out Einstein's famous theory of relativity and whether light rays are bent by the attraction of gravity".[3]

A team from the University of Arizona took images of the corona in Puerto Libertad, Sonora, Mexico, on the east coast of the Gulf of California.[4] A team from Sproul Observatory observed it in Yerbanís in eastern Durango state, Mexico.[5]

Related eclipses[edit]

Eclipses in 1923[edit]

Metonic[edit]

Tzolkinex[edit]

Half-Saros[edit]

Tritos[edit]

Solar Saros 143[edit]

Inex[edit]

Triad[edit]

Solar eclipses of 1921–1924[edit]

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[6]

The partial solar eclipse on July 31, 1924 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1921 to 1924
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
118 April 8, 1921

Annular 		0.8869 123 October 1, 1921

Total 		−0.9383
128 March 28, 1922

Annular 		0.1711 133 September 21, 1922

Total 		−0.213
138 March 17, 1923

Annular 		−0.5438 143 September 10, 1923

Total 		0.5149
148 March 5, 1924

Partial 		−1.2232 153 August 30, 1924

Partial 		1.3123

Saros 143[edit]

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 143, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on March 7, 1617. It contains total eclipses from June 24, 1797 through October 24, 1995; hybrid eclipses from November 3, 2013 through December 6, 2067; and annular eclipses from December 16, 2085 through September 16, 2536. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on April 23, 2897. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 16 at 3 minutes, 50 seconds on August 19, 1887, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 51 at 4 minutes, 54 seconds on September 6, 2518. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[7]

Series members 12–33 occur between 1801 and 2200:
12 13 14

July 6, 1815
July 17, 1833
July 28, 1851
15 16 17

August 7, 1869
August 19, 1887
August 30, 1905
18 19 20

September 10, 1923
September 21, 1941
October 2, 1959
21 22 23

October 12, 1977
October 24, 1995
November 3, 2013
24 25 26

November 14, 2031
November 25, 2049
December 6, 2067
27 28 29

December 16, 2085
December 29, 2103
January 8, 2122
30 31 32

January 20, 2140
January 30, 2158
February 10, 2176
33

February 21, 2194

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "SUN'S FROLIC PRIVATE". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. 1923-09-11. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-10-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ^ "Moon's welcome shadow falls across face of September sun". Bakersfield Morning Echo. Bakersfield, California. 1923-09-11. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-10-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "Sun in Eclipse, Seen on Academy Roof, Looks Like Nicked Cheese". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York City. 1923-09-11. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-10-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "1923 Solar Eclipse Expedition". Photographic Archive. University of Chicago. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020.
  5. ^ Miller, John Anthony; Marriott, Ross Walter (1925). "Observations of the total solar eclipse of September 10, 1923". Archived from the original on 28 August 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  7. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 143". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References[edit]

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_September_10,_1923

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