Roger Vaughan may refer to:

• Roger Vaughan (archbishop) (1834–1883), English Benedictine monk of Downside Abbey and Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, 1877–1883
• Sir Roger Vaughan of Bredwardine (died 1415), Welsh knight, killed at the Battle of Agincourt
• Sir Roger Vaughan of Tretower (died 1471), Welsh knight, son of Sir Roger Vaughan of Bredwardine and Welsh noblewoman Gwladys ferch Dafydd Gam
• Sir Roger Vaughan of Porthamal, Welsh knight, MP for Breconshire, 1553–1562, 1571, and Brecon, 1562–1567
• Roger Vaughan (of Clyro), Welsh politician, MP for Radnorshire, 1572
• Roger Vaughan (MP for Hereford) (c. 1641–1672), English politician and courtier, MP for Hereford, 1662–1673