Ali Maow Maalin (1954 – 22 July 2013) was a hospital cook and health worker from Merca, Somalia, who is the last person in the world known to be infected with naturally occurring smallpox. Although he worked in the local smallpox eradication programme, he had not been successfully vaccinated. In October 1977, he was infected with the Variola minor strain of the virus while driving two children with smallpox symptoms to quarantine. He did not experience complications and made a full recovery. An aggressive containment campaign was successful in preventing an outbreak, and smallpox was declared to have been eradicated globally by the World Health Organization (WHO) two years later.

In later life, Maalin volunteered for the successful poliomyelitis eradication campaign in Somalia. He worked for WHO as a local coordinator with responsibility for social mobilisation, and spent several years travelling across Somalia, vaccinating children and educating communities. He encouraged people to be vaccinated by sharing his experiences with smallpox. He died of malaria while carrying out polio vaccinations after the reintroduction of poliovirus to the country in 2013.