Northern Maori was one of New Zealand's four original parliamentary Māori electorates established in 1868, along with Eastern Maori, Western Maori and Southern Maori. In 1996, with the introduction of MMP, the Maori electorates were updated, and Northern Maori was replaced with the Te Tai Tokerau electorate.
Population centres
[edit]The electorate included the following population centres: Auckland, Whangārei.
Tribal areas
[edit]The electorate included the following tribal areas:
History
[edit]The Northern Maori electorate boundary was in South Auckland. It extended from Auckland City north to Northland, and had only minor boundary changes from 1868 to 1996.
The first member of parliament for Northern Maori from 1868 was Frederick Nene Russell; he retired in 1870. The second member of parliament from 1871 to 1875 and in 1887 was Wi Katene.
In the 1879 election there was some doubt about the validity of the election result, and a law was passed to confirm the result in Northern Maori and two other electorates.[1]
The electorate was held by Labour from 1938. Paraire Karaka Paikea died in 1943, and was replaced by his son Tapihana Paraire Paikea.
In 1979, Matiu Rata resigned from the Labour Party as a protest against Labour policies. In 1980 he resigned from Parliament, but came second in the subsequent by-election. The by-election was won by the Labour candidate, Bruce Gregory.
Tau Henare won the electorate from Gregory for New Zealand First in 1993; a foretaste of the success of Henare and the other New Zealand First candidates (known as the Tight Five) in the Māori electorates in 1996. In 1996 with MMP, the Northern Maori electorate was replaced by Te Tai Tokerau, and won by Henare.
Tau Henare is a great-grandson of Taurekareka Henare who had held the electorate for the Reform Party from 1914 to 1938.
Members of Parliament
[edit]The Northern Maori electorate was represented by 15 Members of Parliament:[2]
Key
Independent Liberal Reform National Labour NZ First
Election results
[edit]Note that the affiliation of many early candidates is not known.
1993 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NZ First | Tau Henare | 5,654 | 33.75 | ||
Labour | Bruce Gregory | 5,238 | 31.27 | −17.71 | |
Alliance | Matiu Rata | 4,422 | 26.39 | −14.50 | |
National | Dick Dargaville | 709 | 4.23 | −5.88 | |
Mana Māori | Leslie Te Kooti | 443 | 2.64 | ||
Christian Heritage | Tui Cruickshank | 209 | 1.24 | ||
Natural Law | Mere Austin | 75 | 0.44 | ||
Majority | 416 | 2.48 | |||
Turnout | 16,750 | 64.32 | +3.78 | ||
Registered electors | 26,041 |
1990 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Bruce Gregory | 5,789 | 48.98 | −8.93 | |
Mana Motuhake | Matiu Rata | 4,833 | 40.89 | +9.32 | |
National | Dick Dargaville | 1,195 | 10.11 | ||
Majority | 956 | 8.09 | −18.24 | ||
Turnout | 11,817 | 60.54 | −10.24 | ||
Registered electors | 19,517 |
1987 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Bruce Gregory | 7,760 | 57.91 | −11.58 | |
Mana Motuhake | Matiu Rata | 4,231 | 31.57 | +13.11 | |
National | E Albert | 1,079 | 8.05 | ||
Democrats | P H McKay | 329 | 2.45 | ||
Majority | 3,529 | 26.33 | −24.69 | ||
Turnout | 13,399 | 70.78 | −5.73 | ||
Registered electors | 18,928 |
1984 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Bruce Gregory | 10,471 | 69.49 | +15.40 | |
Mana Motuhake | Matiu Rata | 2,783 | 18.46 | −4.50 | |
National | W Henskes | 949 | 6.29 | ||
NZ Party | Fred Brown | 492 | 3.26 | ||
Social Credit | I Joyce | 373 | 2.47 | ||
Majority | 7,688 | 51.02 | +20.95 | ||
Turnout | 15,068 | 76.51 | +2.93 | ||
Registered electors | 19,693 |
1981 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Bruce Gregory | 6,368 | 54.09 | +1.68 | |
Mana Motuhake | Matiu Rata | 2,703 | 22.96 | −14.94 | |
Social Credit | P Campbell | 1,573 | 13.36 | ||
National | Joan Tautari | 1,004 | 8.52 | ||
Independent | H G B Birch | 124 | 1.05 | ||
Majority | 3,541 | 30.07 | +15.56 | ||
Turnout | 11,772 | 73.58 | +32.20 | ||
Registered electors | 15,997 |
1980 by-election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Bruce Gregory | 3,580 | 52.41 | ||
Mana Motuhake | Matiu Rata | 2,589 | 37.90 | ||
Social Credit | Joe Toia | 560 | 8.20 | ||
Cheer Up | Wallace Hetaraka | 80 | 1.17 | ||
Christian Democratic | Tom Weal | 13 | 0.19 | ||
Reform Party | P Te W Warner | 9 | 0.13 | ||
Majority | 991 | 14.51 | |||
Turnout | 6,831 | 41.38 | |||
Labour hold | Swing |
1978 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Matiu Rata | 6,071 | 71.46 | +1.77 | |
Social Credit | Joe Toia | 1,227 | 14.44 | +8.63 | |
National | Grant Pirihi | 1,049 | 12.34 | ||
Values | Christine Marriner-Grubb | 148 | 1.74 | −0.94 | |
Majority | 4,844 | 57.02 | +8.71 | ||
Turnout | 8,495 | 37.04 | −21.34 | ||
Registered electors | 22,933 |
1975 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Matiu Rata | 5,988 | 69.69 | −8.02 | |
National | Winston Peters | 1,873 | 21.79 | ||
Social Credit | Joe Toia | 500 | 5.81 | −1.01 | |
Values | Christine Marriner-Grubb | 231 | 2.68 | ||
Majority | 4,151 | 48.31 | −16.82 | ||
Turnout | 8,592 | 58.38 | −16.58 | ||
Registered electors | 14,715 |
1972 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Matiu Rata | 6,276 | 77.71 | −3.03 | |
National | Graham Latimer | 1,016 | 12.58 | −4.38 | |
Social Credit | Joe Toia | 551 | 6.82 | ||
New Democratic | Dover Samuels | 147 | 1.82 | ||
Ind. Social Credit | Matakino Sadler | 86 | 1.06 | ||
Majority | 5,260 | 65.13 | −7.42 | ||
Turnout | 8,076 | 74.96 | −1.32 | ||
Registered electors | 10,773 |
1969 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Matiu Rata | 6,157 | 74.68 | +7.09 | |
National | Graham Latimer | 1,399 | 16.96 | ||
Social Credit | Peta Wairua | 688 | 8.34 | −5.48 | |
Majority | 4,758 | 57.71 | +8.70 | ||
Turnout | 8,244 | 76.28 | +5.83 | ||
Registered electors | 10,807 |
1966 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Matiu Rata | 5,926 | 67.59 | +9.23 | |
National | F R Wilcox | 1,629 | 18.58 | ||
Social Credit | Peta Wairua | 1,212 | 13.82 | ||
Majority | 4,297 | 49.01 | +28.24 | ||
Turnout | 8,767 | 70.45 | −10.58 | ||
Registered electors | 12,444 |
1963 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Matiu Rata | 5,965 | 58.36 | +16.32 | |
National | James Henare | 3,842 | 37.58 | +1.62 | |
Social Credit | William Clarke | 374 | 3.65 | −0.98 | |
Independent | B Birch | 40 | 0.39 | ||
Majority | 2,123 | 20.77 | +14.69 | ||
Turnout | 10,221 | 81.03 | +22.93 | ||
Registered electors | 12,613 |
1963 by-election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Matiu Rata | 3,090 | 42.04 | ||
National | James Henare | 2,643 | 35.96 | ||
Independent Labour | Eru Moka Pou | 562 | 7.65 | ||
Social Credit | William Clarke | 340 | 4.63 | −11.38 | |
Independent | Te Kaiaraiha Hui | 268 | 3.65 | ||
Independent | Whina Cooper | 257 | 3.50 | ||
Independent Labour | Paikea Henare Toka | 143 | 1.95 | ||
Independent | Hohaia Tokowha Mokaraka | 25 | 0.34 | ||
Kauhanganui | Hemi Kuit Peita | 22 | 0.30 | ||
Majority | 447 | 6.08 | |||
Turnout | 7,350 | 58.10 | −17.49 | ||
Registered electors | 12,651 | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
1960 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 5,454 | 60.78 | −4.11 | |
National | George Russell Harrison | 2,082 | 23.20 | ||
Social Credit | William Clarke | 1,437 | 16.01 | ||
Majority | 3,372 | 37.57 | −10.86 | ||
Turnout | 8,973 | 75.59 | −6.91 | ||
Registered electors | 11,870 |
1957 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 5,774 | 64.89 | −0.39 | |
National | Timothy James Davis | 1,464 | 16.45 | ||
Social Credit | Tuhirangi Maihi | 773 | 8.68 | +6.14 | |
Independent Labour | Hoori Arapeti Henare Sutherland | 529 | 5.94 | ||
Ind. Social Credit | Walter Tepania | 319 | 3.58 | ||
Kauhanganui | Paepae Witehaka | 39 | 0.43 | ||
Majority | 4,310 | 48.43 | +1.39 | ||
Turnout | 8,898 | 82.50 | −17.79 | ||
Registered electors | 10,785 |
1954 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 6,154 | 65.28 | +4.05 | |
National | Tono Waetford | 1,719 | 18.23 | ||
Social Credit | Mahuika Otene | 1,314 | 13.93 | ||
Independent | Tuhirangi Maihi | 240 | 2.54 | ||
Majority | 4,435 | 47.04 | +24.58 | ||
Turnout | 9,427 | 100.29 | +4.82 | ||
Registered electors | 9,399[nb 1] |
1951 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 5,812 | 61.23 | +2.25 | |
National | James Henare | 3,680 | 38.76 | +0.27 | |
Majority | 2,132 | 22.46 | +1.98 | ||
Turnout | 9,492 | 95.47 | −18.39 | ||
Registered electors | 9,942 |
1949 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 5,841 | 58.98 | +0.25 | |
National | James Henare | 3,812 | 38.49 | +6.66 | |
Independent | Mahuika Otene | 93 | 0.93 | ||
Kauhanganui | Pene Tuwhare | 30 | 0.30 | ||
Informal votes | 127 | 1.28 | −0.10 | ||
Majority | 2,029 | 20.48 | −6.41 | ||
Turnout | 9,903 | 113.86 | |||
Registered electors | 8,697[nb 2] |
1946 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 5,580 | 58.73 | +6.45 | |
National | James Henare | 3,025 | 31.83 | ||
Independent Labour | Louis William Poka | 764 | 8.04 | ||
Informal votes | 132 | 1.38 | −3.41 | ||
Majority | 2,555 | 26.89 | −2.09 | ||
Turnout | 9,501 |
1943 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tapihana Paraire Paikea | 4,398 | 52.28 | ||
National | Eru Moka Pou | 1,960 | 23.30 | ||
Independent Labour | William Keina Poata | 580 | 6.89 | ||
Independent Labour | Paikea Herare Toka | 278 | 3.30 | ||
Independent | Kahi Harawira | 259 | 3.07 | ||
Independent | David William Taylor | 234 | 2.78 | ||
Democratic Labour | Paepae Witehira | 143 | 1.69 | ||
Independent | Samuel William Maioha | 141 | 1.67 | ||
Independent | Pene Tuwhare | 16 | 0.19 | ||
Informal votes | 403 | 4.79 | |||
Majority | 2,438 | 28.98 | |||
Turnout | 8,412 |
1931 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reform | Taurekareka Henare | 3,297 | 58.56 | ||
Ratana | Paraire Karaka Paikea | 2,109 | 37.46 | ||
Independent | Hemi Whautere Witehira | 224 | 3.98 | ||
Majority | 1,188 | 21.10 | |||
Turnout | 5,630 |
1909 by-election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Te Rangi Hiroa | 1,452 | 71.60 | ||
Independent | Kaka Porowini | 296 | 14.60 | ||
Independent | Herepita Rapihana | 280 | 13.81 | ||
Independent | Hone Hapa | 199 | 9.81 | ||
Independent | Hone Wi Kaitaia | 173 | 8.53 | ||
Independent | Hetaraka Himi Hare | 93 | 4.59 | ||
Independent | Te Riri Maihi Kawiti | 74 | 3.65 | ||
Independent | Papa Uroroa | 52 | 2.56 | ||
Independent | Reihana Netana | 25 | 1.23 | ||
Turnout | 2028 | ||||
Majority | 1156 | 57.00 |
1901 by-election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Hone Heke Ngapua | 1,751 | 71.41 | ||
Independent | Riapo Puhipi | 416 | 16.97 | ||
Independent | Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa | 285 | 11.62 | ||
Independent | Hapeta Henare | 97 | 3.96 | ||
Independent | Kiri Pararea | 94 | 3.83 | ||
Independent | Pouaka Parore | 76 | 3.10 | ||
Turnout | 2452 | ||||
Majority | 1335 | 54.45 |
1899 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Hone Heke Ngapua | 1,453 | 64.15 | −17.24 | |
Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa | 367 | 16.20 | −2.40 | ||
Henry Flavell | 225 | 9.93 | |||
Keritoke Te Ahu | 126 | 5.56 | |||
Poata Uruamo | 94 | 4.15 | |||
Majority | 1,086 | 47.95 | −14.84 | ||
Turnout | 2,265 |
1891 by-election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa | 632 | 43.68 | ||
Independent | Timoti Puhipuhi | 515 | 35.59 | ||
Independent | Wiremu Katene | 300 | 20.73 | ||
Independent | Haki Rewite | 194 | 13.41 | ||
Independent | Renata Tekawatuku | 7 | 0.48 | ||
Independent | Kipa Te Whatanui | 1 | 0.07 | ||
Turnout | 1447 | ||||
Majority | 117 | 8.09 |
1896 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Hone Heke Ngapua | 1,706 | 81.39 | ||
Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa | 390 | 18.61 | |||
Majority | 1,316 | 62.79 | |||
Turnout | 2,096[nb 3] |
1890 election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Sydney Taiwhanga | 661 | 48.82 | ||
Tinoti Pupipupi | 394 | 29.10 | |||
Conservative | Wi Katene | 192 | 14.18 | ||
Wiremu Mikihana | 107 | 7.90 | |||
Majority | 267 | 19.72 | |||
Turnout | 1,354 |
Notes
[edit]Footnotes:
- ^ The number of electors on the official Māori rolls were often inaccurate hence the impossible turn-out figure
- ^ The number of electors on the official Māori rolls were often inaccurate hence the impossible turn-out figure
- ^ Whilst the source states the count was final, McRobie states the number of votes cast as 2,104.[18]
- ^ "Elections Validation Act, 1879". New Zealand Law online.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 268.
- ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 151.
- ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. p. 157.
- ^ Norton 1988, p. 399.
- ^ a b c d e f g Norton 1988, p. 398.
- ^ a b c d e f g Norton 1988, p. 397.
- ^ "12 candidates for two by-election". The New Zealand Herald. 23 February 1963. p. 1.
- ^ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
- ^ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
- ^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
- ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 6. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ^ "Northerrn Maori Election". The New Zealand Herald. 22 March 1909.
- ^ "Northern Maori Election". Manawatu Herald. 23 March 1909.
- ^ "Northern Maori Election". Auckland Star. 19 January 1901.
- ^ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
- ^ "Untitled". Poverty Bay Herald. Vol. XXIII, no. 7810. 24 December 1896. p. 2. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
- ^ McRobie 1989, p. 133.
- ^ "The Maori Representation". Otago Witness. No. 1920. 4 December 1890. p. 15. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
References
[edit]- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand parliamentary election results, 1946–1987. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington Department of Political Science. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.