Mawson is a surname of both English and Scottish origin it is also prevalent in the Isle of Man. Notable people with the surname include:
- Alfie Mawson, English footballer
- Andrew Mawson (disambiguation), multiple people
- Douglas Mawson (1882–1958), Australian geologist and Antarctic explorer
- Gary Mawson, American darts player
- Joe Mawson (1905–1959), English footballer
- Thomas Mawson, British garden designer and landscape architect
- William Mawson (1828–1889), British architect