Douglas Mawson (1882–1958) was an Australian geologist and Antarctic explorer.
Mawson may also refer to:
- Mawson (surname)
- Mawson Station, Antarctic base named after Douglas Mawson
- Mawson Sea, Antarctic sea named after Douglas Mawson
- Mawson Coast, Antarctic coast
- Mawson's Huts, historic Antarctic site
- Mawson Trail, cycling trail in South Australia
- Electoral district of Mawson, electorate for the South Australian House of Assembly
- Mawson, Australian Capital Territory, suburb in Canberra
- Mount Mawson, mountain in the Mount Field National Park in Tasmania, Australia
- Antarctic cod, sometimes known as Mawson's cod
- Mawson (state), a historic Shan state in present-day Burma
- SS Douglas Mawson, an Australian steamer that disappeared in a cyclone in 1923