The list of shipwrecks in 1977 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1977.
| ||||
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Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | |
May | Jun | Jul | Aug | |
Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
Unknown date | ||||
References |
January
[edit]3 January
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Salu | ![]() |
The shrimp-fishing vessel was swamped and sank in the Gulf of Alaska approximately 20 miles (32 km) south of Cape Chiniak (57°37′N 152°10′W / 57.617°N 152.167°W) on Kodiak Island.[1] |
10 January
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Chester A. Poling | ![]() |
Carrying a cargo of oil, the 282-foot (86 m), 1,546-gross register ton tanker broke in half in a storm off Eastern Point at the entrance to the harbor at Gloucester, Massachusetts. Her stern section sank 800 yards (730 m) southwest of Eastern Point Light in up to 95 feet (29 m) of water at 42°34′25″N 070°40′15″W / 42.57361°N 70.67083°W. Her bow section sank 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) east of Eastern Point in 190 feet (58 m) of water at 42°33.9′N 070°37.1′W / 42.5650°N 70.6183°W. One crew member perished.[2][3] |
13 January
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ivan Sechenov | ![]() |
The cargo ship collided in foggy weather with Praktikolas Maris (![]() |
Turnu Severin | ![]() |
The cargo ship collided in fog with Admiral Zmejavic (![]() |
17 January
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Irenes Challenger | ![]() |
The oil tanker broke up in the Pacific Ocean with the loss of three crewmembers.[5] |
20 January
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ukola | ![]() |
The Panamanian freighter Ukola broke in half and sank in the Gulf of Mexico during a gale while en route to Galveston, Texas from the Dominican Republic with a cargo of sugar. Only three of the ship's 23 crew members were rescued.[6] |
23 January
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Lucona | ![]() |
The cargo ship was sunk in the Indian Ocean by a time bomb planted as part of an insurance fraud scheme masterminded by Austrian businessman Udo Proksch. Six of the ship′s 12 crew members died. |
25 January
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Bertram I | ![]() |
Adrift after losing power, the Alaska Department of Public Safety patrol boat sank in heavy seas in Portage Bay (57°00′N 133°20′W / 57.000°N 133.333°W) in Southeast Alaska, 21 nautical miles (39 km; 24 mi) west of Petersburg, Alaska.[7] |
Unknown date
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Success Star | ![]() |
The Shelt-type coaster ran aground off Tumpat, Malaysia and abandoned.[8] |
February
[edit]2 February
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Vasso M. | ![]() |
The cargo ship caught fire and sank in the Mediterranean Sea 2 nautical miles (2.3 mi; 3.7 km) off Borolos Lighthouse, Damietta, Egypt. |
7 February
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Spyros G | ![]() |
The cargo ship sprang a leak and sank in the Mediterranean Sea east of Malta (35°46′N 20°05′E / 35.767°N 20.083°E). She was on a voyage from Piraeus, Greece to Tripoli, Libya.[9] |
13 February
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Enfant du Bretagne | ![]() |
The St Malo trawler was lost on Pednathise, within the Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly. The lifeboat came within hearing distance of the crew, but all drowned in the heavy seas before they could be brought aboard.[10] |
14 February
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Internos | ![]() |
Sprang a leak and sank 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) north of Gijon (44°20′N 05°50′W / 44.333°N 5.833°W).[11][12] |
17 February
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
USS Stockham | ![]() |
The decommissioned Fletcher-class destroyer was sunk as a target off the coast of Puerto Rico. |
18 February
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Atlantic Duke | ![]() |
Ran aground 20 nautical miles (37 km) off Great Yarmouth, United Kingdom. All seven crew rescued.[13] |
19 February
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Hongkong Surety | ![]() |
Ran aground on the Angelica Shoal (7°46′S 122°17′E / 7.767°S 122.283°E) and declared a constructive total loss.[11] |
24 February
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Hawaiian Patriot | ![]() |
The oil tanker caught fire and sank in the Pacific Ocean west of Hawaii.[14] |
March
[edit]1 March
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Viking Rover | ![]() |
The 180-ton motor vessel lost steerage 43 nautical miles (80 km) south of Cape Sarichef, Unimak Island, Alaska, became disabled, and sank without loss of life in 40-to-50-knot (74 to 93 km/h) winds and 16-foot (4.9 m) seas in the North Pacific Ocean near Rootok Island east of Dutch Harbor, Alaska, at 54°01.79′N 165°31.02′W / 54.02983°N 165.51700°W. A United States Coast Guard helicopter based at Kodiak, Alaska, rescued her four-man crew.[15] |
6 March
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
St. George | ![]() |
The tug foundered at Port of Spain, Trinidad.[16] |
9 March
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Saint Peter | ![]() |
The 81-gross register ton, 62.6-foot (19.1 m) motor vessel sank in Orca Inlet off the coast of Alaska.[1] |
27 March
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
El Tambo | ![]() |
The livestock carrier sank outside Fishguard Harbour, Wales.[17] |
April
[edit]28 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
USS Blue | ![]() |
The decommissioned Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer was sunk as a target in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Southern California during a missile exercise. |
Unknown date
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
P-11 | ![]() |
Eritrean War of Independence: The patrol boat was lost, with reports variously blaming the loss on a storm and on an attack by the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, or the patrol boat was sunk by the Ethiopian Air Force while trying to defect to the Eritrean People's Liberation Front.[18][19] |
May
[edit]4 May
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Foremost | ![]() |
The 166-gross register ton, 86.6-foot (26.4 m) crab-fishing vessel capsized and sank in the Bering Sea approximately 75 nautical miles (139 km; 86 mi) east-southeast of St. George Island in the direction of Cape Sarichef (54°35′54″N 164°55′20″W / 54.5983°N 164.9222°W) on Unimak Island in the Aleutian Islands. The fishing vessel Sea Venture (![]() |
6 May
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ocean Beauty | ![]() |
The 44-foot (13.4 m) fishing vessel sank in the Gulf of Alaska south of Marmot Island in the Kodiak Archipelago.[21] |
9 May
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Classic | ![]() |
The tanker ran aground at Wilhelmshaven, West Germany.[22] |
18 May
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Kadina | ![]() |
The cargo ship foundered in a typhoon at Singapore. She was refloated on 2 September 1978 and consequently scrapped[23] |
19 May
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Mar del Plata | ![]() |
The 156-gross register ton, 79.9-foot (24.4 m) shrimp-fishing vessel sank in the Shelikof Strait between the Kodiak Archipelago and the mainland of Alaska. The fishing vessel Heidi J (![]() |
June
[edit]1 June
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Rose | ![]() |
The tug sank while moored at Petersburg, Alaska. She later was abandoned on the beach at Kupreanof, Alaska.[25] |
Seaspeed Dora | ![]() |
The roll-on/roll-off ferry capsized and sank at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. She was refloated on 17 September and towed to Gothenburg, Sweden for repairs. She re-entered service in 1978.[11] |
3 June
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
William Carson | ![]() |
The passenger/vehicle icebreaker ferry sank off the coast of Labrador after striking heavy ice. |
5 June
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Bijou | ![]() |
The coaster sank off Anglesey, Wales. All four crew were rescued.[26] |
29 June
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ahaliq | ![]() |
Bound for Kwigillingok, Alaska, carrying materials and equipment for the construction of a sewage treatment plant, the 187-gross register ton, 99.9-foot (30.4 m) tug/barge sank in heavy seas with the loss of her captain in Bristol Bay, 118 nautical miles (219 km; 136 mi) southwest of Dillingham, Alaska. The high endurance cutter USCGC Boutwell (![]() |
Unknown date
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
USS Butternut | ![]() |
The decommissioned netlayer was destroyed as a target. |
July
[edit]4 July
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Kola Silat X | ![]() |
The VIC-type lighter foundered in the Strait of Sunda.[28] |
11 July
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Pacific Surf | ![]() |
The 134-gross register ton fishing vessel sank in the Gulf of Alaska approximately 260 nautical miles (480 km; 300 mi) west of Cape Spencer, Alaska. Her crew of five abandoned ship in a life raft, where one died of a heart attack and was cast adrift. The oil tanker Overseas Chicago (![]() |
22 July
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Rio Jobabo | ![]() |
The fishing vessel was sunk at El Callao Peru by an explosion.[30] |
25 July
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Bristol | ![]() |
The fishing vessel was swamped and sank on Long Sands Bar (58°44′N 158°32′W / 58.733°N 158.533°W) in Nushagak Bay off the coast of Alaska.[7] |
Gaines Mill | ![]() |
The T2 tanker capsized at Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The wreck was scrapped in situ.[31] |
29 July
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Oswego Tarmac | ![]() |
The T2 tanker was struck by Elektra (flag unknown) at Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles and was severely damaged. Declared a constructive total loss, she was scrapped at Santander, Spain.[32][33] |
August
[edit]16 August
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Fisher | ![]() |
The 8-gross register ton motor vessel was destroyed by fire in Southeast Alaska between Ketchikan, Alaska, and Tree Point (54°48′15″N 130°55′45″W / 54.80417°N 130.92917°W).[20] |
17 August
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Lira | ![]() |
The cargo ship exploded and caught fire. She sank the next day.[34] |
22 August
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
ex-USS Rowan | ![]() |
After transfer to the Republic of China Navy, the decommissioned Gearing-class destroyer ran aground while under tow from the United States to Taiwan and was declared a total loss. |
30 August
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Quasar | ![]() |
The 7-gross register ton motor vessel was destroyed by fire in Stephens Passage in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska 0.5 nautical miles (0.93 km; 0.58 mi) south of the Snettisham Rocks (57°57′30″N 133°52′00″W / 57.95833°N 133.86667°W).[35] |
31 August
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Unidentified fishing vessel | ![]() |
The fishing vessel was sunk by Kampuchean Navy vessels.[36] |
September
[edit]7 September
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Indian | ![]() |
While towing the riverboat tender Cowboy (![]() |
25 September
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Gale | ![]() |
The 34-foot (10.4 m) vessel sank in Malina Bay (58°13′N 153°05′W / 58.217°N 153.083°W) on the coast of Afognak Island in Alaska′s Kodiak Archipelago.[38] |
Unknown date
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Kerland | ![]() |
The trawler sank off the Runnelstone, Cornwall, United Kingdom, and was aided by the Isles of Scilly ferry Scillonian III.[39] |
October
[edit]3 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Senneville | ![]() |
The bulk carrier ran aground at Thunder Bay, Ontario. The ship was freed the next day, suffering damage to her ballast tank.[40] |
12 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Louise | ![]() |
The 10-gross register ton, 28.4-foot (8.7 m) fishing vessel was wrecked in Bertha Bay (57°48′N 136°21′W / 57.800°N 136.350°W) in Southeast Alaska.[41] |
14 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Lula J | ![]() |
The 11-gross register ton, 36.2-foot (11.0 m) fishing vessel was lost in Bertha Bay (57°48′N 136°21′W / 57.800°N 136.350°W) in Southeast Alaska.[41] |
Wind Dance | ![]() |
The sailing vessel sank in Resurrection Bay off Seward, Alaska. The Alaska Marine Highway motor ferry Tustumena (![]() |
15 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Marmot Cape | ![]() |
The 27-gross register ton, 39.9-foot (12.2 m) fishing vessel capsized and sank with the loss of her captain in Astrolabe Bay (58°22′30″N 136°54′30″W / 58.37500°N 136.90833°W) on the south-central coast of Alaska 14 nautical miles (26 km; 16 mi) west of Cape Spencer. A helicopter rescued the only other crewman aboard from the beach on 18 October.[24] |
16 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Chryssopigi Cross | ![]() |
The ship ran aground 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) off Galle, Sri Lanka (6°01′N 80°11′E / 6.017°N 80.183°E) and sank.[43] |
22 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
U F 22 | ![]() |
The 34-foot (10.4 m) fishing vessel and her two-man crew disappeared in the Gulf of Alaska. The fishing vessel Columbia (![]() |
23 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Carjie | ![]() |
The 31-foot (9.4 m) vessel was wrecked on rocks on the coast of Alaska.[45] |
26 October
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Eagle | ![]() |
With two people – a man and a woman – aboard, the fishing vessel sank near Dundas Bay (58°20′35″N 136°20′25″W / 58.3431°N 136.3404°W) in Icy Strait in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska. The man perished. The woman drifted in a survival suit for eight to ten hours, reached shore, and walked 60 miles (97 km) before a United States Coast Guard helicopter rescued her.[46] |
November
[edit]6 November
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Piraeus II | ![]() |
The coastal tanker caught fire and sank in Eleusis Bay. She was later refloated but was declared a total loss and scrapped.[47] |
8 November
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Alexander Hamilton | ![]() |
The retired 349-foot-5-inch (106.5 m) sidewheel paddle steamer burned and sank during a storm while moored at the Navy pier at Middletown Township, New Jersey.[48] |
11 November
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Aristoteles | ![]() |
Ran aground at Sestrice Island (42°58′N 17°13′E / 42.967°N 17.217°E) and declared a constructive total loss.[49] |
Deepwater Bay | ![]() |
Explosion and fire while discharging cargo at Luanda, Angola. She was declared a constructive total loss and scrapped in June 1978.[49] |
Dolphin | ![]() |
The 8- or 38-gross register ton, 41.6-foot (12.7 m) fishing vessel sank in Marmot Bay (58°00′N 152°06′W / 58.000°N 152.100°W) on the coast of Alaska's Kodiak Island.[50] |
15 November
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
CG 41332 | ![]() |
A 41-foot Coast Guard utility boat (UTB) capsized and sank in heavy surf on the Columbia River Bar at night with 10 students from the Motor Lifeboat School, 3 died.[51] |
16 November
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Union Crystal | ![]() |
The coaster sank 20 nautical miles (37 km) off St Abbs Head, United Kingdom with the loss of five of her six crew.[52] |
22 November
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
VIC 99 | ![]() |
The floating restaurant, a converted VIC-type lighter, was severely damaged by fire at Stourport-on-Severn, Worcestershire.[53] |
24 November
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Vaiatea | unknown | The auxiliary schooner, a former coastal freighter, sank in a lagoon near Papeete, Tahiti.[54][55] |
25 November
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Newark | ![]() |
The cargo ship was wrecked at Tripoli, Libya.[56] |
Unknown date
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Hero | ![]() |
The roll-on/roll-off cargo ferry sank in the North Sea with the loss of one crew member when her stern door lost watertight integrity. |
Sea Breeze | ![]() |
The 83-foot (25 m) dragger sank off the coast of Maine after striking something in heavy seas. Two crewmen were rescued from her life raft by a U.S. Coast Guard helicopter, and one by USCGC Duane (![]() |
December
[edit]2 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Blue Bell | ![]() |
A Saudi Arabian general cargo vessel was sailing from Jeddah to Port Sudan with her cargo of Toyota vehicles and spare parts when she struck the reef about 75 kilometres (47 mi) north of Port Sudan.[59] |
3 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Baron | ![]() |
The fishing vessel grounded and was lost in the Bering Sea off Cape Cheerful (54°00′50″N 166°40′20″W / 54.01389°N 166.67222°W) on Unalaska Island in the Aleutian Islands. The Alaska State Trooper patrol vessel Vigilant (![]() |
Empire Rosa | ![]() |
The Nodified-Sttella type tug was driven ashore in Luce Bay. She was refloated but declared a constructive total loss and consequently scrapped.[60] |
4 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Rainer | ![]() |
The fishing vessel grounded and was wrecked in the Bering Sea approximately 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) off Cape Cheerful (54°00′50″N 166°40′20″W / 54.01389°N 166.67222°W) on Unalaska Island in the Aleutian Islands.[25] |
6 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Empire Rosa | ![]() |
Ran aground at Luce Bay, Galloway, became a constructive total loss and later scrapped. |
7 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Boston Sea Ranger | ![]() |
A Lowestoft trawler foundered off Gwennap Head, Cornwall during a southerly gale.[61] |
9 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Elinor Viking | ![]() |
An Aberdeen trawler wrecked on the Ve Skerries, Shetland in adverse weather conditions. A volunteer helicopter crew was assembled at Sumburgh Airport which rescued all 8 crew.[62] |
20 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Emmanuel C | ![]() |
Ran aground on the Île d'Orléans, Quebec, Canada, refloated but declared damaged beyond economical repair and Scrapped in October 1978.[11] |
25 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Lady Camilla | ![]() |
The coaster sank off Cornwall, United Kingdom with loss of life including two children.[63] |
27 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Conqueror | ![]() |
The Grimsby trawler, on her first voyage after a major refit, went ashore at Penzer Point, south of Mousehole, Cornwall. It is believed the crew were down below having breakfast and the trawler was on automatic pilot. The Penlee Lifeboat had insufficient power to tow Conqueror off the rocks and she assumed a 35° list and broke up on the rocks.[64] |
31 December
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Tiran | ![]() |
![]() The cargo ship, on a voyage from Banjul, Gambia to Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain, foundered 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) off Joal, Senegal and became a wreck on Palmarin Beach.[65][66] |
Unknown date
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Banshee | ![]() |
The 11-gross register ton, 28.9-foot (8.8 m) fishing vessel was wrecked on the coast of Kodiak Island in Alaska.[7] |
Himma | ![]() |
The Near-Warrior type tug was scuttled in the Tasman Sea off New South Wales.[67] |
Transport | ![]() |
The cargo ship ran aground at Godøystraumen. She was refloated. |
Unidentified railroad barge | ![]() |
The retired 200-foot (61.0 m) railroad barge was scuttled as an artificial reef in the North Atlantic Ocean 3.6 nautical miles (6.7 km; 4.1 mi) off Sea Girt, New Jersey, in 70 feet (21 m) of water at 40°06.986′N 073°56.868′W / 40.116433°N 73.947800°W.[68] |
References
[edit]- ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (S)
- ^ "Chester A. Poling (bow section)". Hunting New England Shipwrecks. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ "Chester A. Poling (stern section)". Hunting New England Shipwrecks. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ a b "37 are feared dead after collisions at sea". The Times. No. 59907. London. 14 January 1977. col D, p. 10.
- ^ "Tanker Breaks Up in the Pacific". The New York Times. January 18, 1977. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
- ^ "Freighter Sinks in Gulf of Mexico". The New York Times. 20 January 1977. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (B)
- ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. 25. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
- ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. 375. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
- ^ Larn, Richard (1992). The Shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly. Nairn: Thomas & Lochar. ISBN 0-946537-84-4.
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- ^ "MV Internos [+1977]". wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ^ "Seven crew rescued". The Times. No. 59938. London. 19 February 1977. col C, p. 5.
- ^ "Tanker Explodes In 50‐Mile Slick West of Honolulu". The New York Times. 25 February 1977. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (V)
- ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. 354. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
- ^ "Detained cattle ship sinks in gale". The Times. No. 59963. London. 28 March 1977. col D, p. 4.
- ^ Harpoon Headquarters: Ethiopian Naval Forces
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- ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (F)
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- ^ "Ship sinks". The Times. No. 60022. London. 6 June 1977. col F, p. 3.
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- ^ "Oswego Tarmac". Center for Tankship Excellence. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
- ^ "Picardy". The Yard. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (Q)
- ^ "Vietnamese Naval Battles (Vietnam War & later conflicts)". Sovietempire.com. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
- ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (I)
- ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (G)
- ^ Carter, C. (1998). The Port of Penzance: a history. Lydney: Black Dwarf Publications.
- ^ Wharton, George. "Great Lakes Fleet Page Vessel Feature – Tim S. Dool". boatnerd.com. Archived from the original on 24 November 2011.
- ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (L)
- ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (W)
- ^ "Chryssopigi Cross (5213315)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (U)
- ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (C)
- ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (E)
- ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. 296. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
- ^ njscuba.net Sandy Hook & Raritan Bay
- ^ a b "Belgian Merchant A-G" (PDF). Belgische Koopvaardij. Retrieved 1 October 2010.[permanent dead link]
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- ^ Kopp, John (9 January 2023). CG 41332: Surfmen, the Cape Disappointment Motor Lifeboat School, and the Forgotten Tragedy That Transformed U.S. Coast Guard Boat Operations. John M. Kopp. ISBN 979-8218096410.
- ^ "Five missing as ship sinks in stormy seas". The Times. No. 60163. London. 17 November 1977. col A, p. 2.
- ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. pp. 274–75. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
- ^ shipstamps.co.uk Orohena and Moana Retrieved 5 September 2018
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