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This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three embryonic germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Cells derived from ectoderm
[edit]Surface ectoderm
[edit]Skin
[edit]Anterior pituitary
[edit]Tooth enamel
[edit]Neural crest
[edit]Peripheral nervous system
[edit]Neuroendocrine system
[edit]Skin
[edit]Teeth
[edit]Eyes
[edit]Neural tube
[edit]Central nervous system
[edit]- Neuron
- Glia
- Astrocyte
- Ependymocytes
- Müller glia (retina)
- Oligodendrocyte
- Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
- Pituicyte (posterior pituitary)
Pineal gland
[edit]Cells derived from mesoderm
[edit]Paraxial mesoderm
[edit]Mesenchymal stem cell
[edit]Osteochondroprogenitor cell
[edit]- Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)
- Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)
Myofibroblast
[edit]- Fat
- Muscle
- Other
Other
[edit]- Digestive system
Intermediate mesoderm
[edit]Renal stem cell
[edit]- Angioblast → Endothelial cell
- Mesangial cell
- Juxtaglomerular cell
- Macula densa cell
- Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes
- Simple epithelial cell → Podocyte
- Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
Reproductive system
[edit]- Sertoli cell
- Leydig cell
- Granulosa cell
- Peg cell
- Germ cells (which migrate here primordially)
Lateral plate mesoderm
[edit]Hematopoietic stem cell
[edit]Circulatory system
[edit]- Endothelial progenitor cell
- Endothelial colony forming cell
- Endothelial stem cell
- Angioblast/Mesoangioblast
- Pericyte
- Mural cell
Body cavities
[edit]Cells derived from endoderm
[edit]Foregut
[edit]Respiratory system
[edit]Digestive system
[edit]Stomach
[edit]Intestine
[edit]Liver
[edit]Gallbladder
[edit]Exocrine component of pancreas
[edit]Islets of Langerhans
[edit]- alpha cell
- beta cell
- delta cell
- PP cell (F cell, gamma cell)
- epsilon cell
Pharyngeal pouch
[edit]- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid gland
Hindgut/cloaca
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Hockman, Dorit; Burns, Alan J; Schlosser, Gerhard; Gates, Keith P; Jevans, Benjamin; Mongera, Alessandro; Fisher, Shannon; Unlu, Gokhan; Knapik, Ela W; Kaufman, Charles K; Mosimann, Christian; Zon, Leonard I; Lancman, Joseph J; Dong, P Duc S; Lickert, Heiko; Tucker, Abigail S; Baker, Clare V H (2017). "Evolution of the hypoxia-sensitive cells involved in amniote respiratory reflexes". eLife. 6: e21231. doi:10.7554/eLife.21231. PMC 5438250. PMID 28387645.
- ^ Nilsson M, Williams D (July 2016). "On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer: C Cell Story Revisited". European Thyroid Journal. 5 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1159/000447333. PMC 4949372. PMID 27493881.