This is a list of emerging technologies, which are in-development technical innovations that have significant potential in their applications. The criteria for this list is that the technology must:
- Exist in some way; purely hypothetical technologies cannot be considered emerging and should be covered in the list of hypothetical technologies instead. However, technologies being actively researched and prototyped are acceptable.
- Have a Wikipedia article or adjacent citation covering them.
- Not be widely used yet. Mainstream or extensively commercialized technologies can no longer be considered emerging.
Listing here is not a prediction that the technology will become widely adopted, only a recognition of significant potential to become widely adopted or highly useful if ongoing work continues, is successful, and the work is not overtaken by other technologies.
Agriculture
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
Agricultural robotics[1][2] | Research and development, trial projects | Automation of agriculture | Agricultural drone |
Closed ecological systems | Research and development,[3][4][5] working demonstrators (e.g. Biosphere 2) | Agriculture, scientific research, space colonization | Greenhouse, Eden Project, Bioshelter, Seawater greenhouse |
Cultured meat | Research and development, trials[6][7] | Humane, resource-efficient, healthier, and cheaper meat[7] | New Harvest |
Atmospheric water generator[8] | Working prototype | agriculture in semi-arid land | Desorption |
Vertical farming | Research, development, experiments, and diffusion[9][10][11] | Space-efficient farming and space travel applications[10] |
Construction
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
Active structure | Research, development, commercialization | Adaptive structures that respond to different conditions, or supermassive buildings and infrastructure (e.g. space fountains) | |
Arcology | Research, development, commercialization | Photobioreactor § Outlook | |
Domed city | Planned feature for Mall of the World[12][13][14] | Weather-controlled city, colonization of other celestial bodies |
Electronics, IT, and communications
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
6G cellular communications[15][16] | Conceptual | Mobile phones | |
Artificial intelligence | Diffusion, commercialization | ||
Artificial general intelligence | Hypothetical, experiments[17][18][19] | Creating intelligent devices and robots; AI can counsel (or even take charge) in scientific projects, government, army, corporate governance, film and books creation, inventions etc. | Progress in artificial intelligence, technological singularity, applications of artificial intelligence |
Biometrics | Diffusion, commercialization
|
||
Blockchain | Diffusion, commercialization | Finance, Digital currency, Art, Universal basic income, Identity (social science) | Bitcoin, Ethereum |
Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor | Research and development | Future miniaturization of transistors | |
Cashierless store | Limited commercialization | ||
Civic technology | Research and development, projects | Smart cities, more responsive government | Smart city, e-democracy, open data, intelligent environment |
Digital scent technology | Diffusion | Smell-O-Vision, iSmell | |
DNA digital data storage | Experiments | Mass data storage | |
Electronic nose | Research, limited commercialization[20][21] | Detecting spoiled food, chemical weapons, and cancer | |
Emerging memory technologies
(T-RAM, CBRAM, SONOS, RRAM, racetrack memory, NRAM, phase-change memory, FJG RAM, millipede memory, Skyrmion, programmable metallization cell, ferroelectric RAM, magnetoresistive RAM, nvSRAM) |
In development | ||
Emerging magnetic data storage technologies | In development (HAMR, BPM); diffusion (SMR) | Greatly improved storage density compared to current HDDs, can be combined | |
E-textiles | Research, diffusion[22] | Wearable technology | |
Exascale computing | Projects | ||
Exocortex | Diffusion of primitive amplifications; working prototypes of more; Hypothetical, experiments on more substantial amplification | ||
Flexible electronics | Research, development, prototypes, limited commercialization (e.g. Samsung Galaxy Fold) | Flexible and/or foldable electronic devices, and flexible solar cells which are lightweight, can be rolled up for launch, and are easily deployable | Nokia Morph, Flexible organic light-emitting diode |
Fourth-generation optical discs (3D optical data storage, Holographic data storage) | Research, prototyping[23] | Storing and archiving data previously erased for economic reasons | Blu-ray Disc, Optical storage |
Hybrid forensics[24] | Research, commercialization | Digital forensics, electronic discovery, malware detection, IT compliance | |
Li-Fi | Demos, requires standardization | Laser communication in space | |
Machine vision | Research, prototyping, commercialization[25] | Biometrics, controlling processes (e.g., in driverless car, automated guided vehicle), detecting events (e.g., in visual surveillance), interaction (e.g., in human–computer interaction), robot vision | Computer vision, pattern recognition, digital image processing |
Magnonics | Research | Data storage | |
Memristor | Working prototype[26][27] | Smaller, faster, more energy-efficient storage, analogue electronics, programmable logic,[28] signal processing,[29] neural networks,[30] control systems,[31] reconfigurable computing,[32] brain–computer interfaces,[33] RFID,[34] and pattern recognition[35] | |
Molecular electronics | Research and development | ||
Multimodal contactless biometric face/iris systems | Deployed at various airports and federal security checkpoints[36] | Unimodal facial recognition scanners | |
Nanoelectromechanical systems | Research and development | ||
Nanoradio | Research and development, diffusion | ||
Neuromorphic engineering | Research and development | ||
Optical computing | Hypothetical, experiments; some components of integrated circuits have been developed[37] | Smaller, faster, lower power consuming computing | |
Quantum computing | Experiments,[38] commercialization,[39] early diffusion | Much faster computing for some kinds of problems, chemical modeling, new materials with programmed properties, Hypothetical of high-temperature superconductivity and superfluidity | |
Quantum cryptography | Commercialization[40] | Secure communications | |
Quantum radar | Prototypes | ||
Radio-frequency identification | Diffusion of high cost[41][42][43] | Smartstores – RFID-based self-checkout (keeping track of all incoming and outgoing products), food packaging, smart shelves, smart carts. See: potential uses | |
Software-defined radio | Development, commercialization | Cognitive radio, Mesh networks, Software defined antenna | GNU Radio, List of software-defined radios, Universal Software Radio Peripheral |
Solid-state transformer | Development, prototypes | ||
Speech recognition | Research, development, commercialization | ||
Spintronics | Working prototypes[44] | Data storage, computing devices | |
Subvocal recognition | Research, development, commercialization | ||
Thermal copper pillar bump | Working prototypes in discrete devices | Electric circuit cooling, micro-fluidic actuators, thermoelectric power generation | Ultra high definition holographic disc, Metal–insulator transition |
Three-dimensional integrated circuit | Development, commercialization | Memory and data processing | |
Twistronics | Development |
Entertainment
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
4D Film | Commercialization | Films | |
Electronic music instruments | Talent, Commercialization | Music, Art | EDM, Electronic music |
Immersive virtual reality | Hypothetical, limited commercialization | An artificial environment where the user feels just as immersed as they usually feel in conscious reality. | Virtusphere, 3rd Space Vest, haptic suit, immersive technology, simulated reality, holodeck (fictional) |
Synthetic media | Research and development | Films, photos | Deepfake, StyleGAN, DeepDream, DALL-E, Stable Diffusion, Sora |
Optoelectronics
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
Laser video display | Limited commercialization (e.g. Mitsubishi LaserVue TV in 2008) | Displays with a very wide colour gamut | Laser TV, Comparison of display technology |
Holography (holographic display, computer-generated holography) | Diffusion[45][46][47][48] | ||
Optical transistor | Some prototypes | ||
Screenless display (Virtual retinal display, Bionic contact lens, Augmented reality, Virtual reality) | Experiments | Virtual tools and entertainment in a real-world environment, aids for the visually impaired | Head-mounted display, Head-up display, Adaptive optics, EyeTap, Google Glass, Microsoft HoloLens, AR cloud[49] |
Volumetric (3D) display | Research, working prototypes, commercialization[50] | Television, computer interfaces, cinemas, 3-dimensional imagery | Autostereoscopic display, stereoscopic display, volumetric display, Holographic display, Light Field display, Nintendo 3DS, Swept-volume display |
Energy
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
Airborne wind turbine | Research[51][52][53] | Wind power generation at higher altitudes, increasing efficiency | KiteGen |
Americium battery | Estimated working prototype in 5–10 years from 2019[54] | Energy storage | |
Artificial photosynthesis | Research, experiments,[55] growing interest in a macroscience global project[56] | Photosynthesis-like energy and oxygen production from artificial structures | Sustainocene, Renewable energy, Nanotechnology |
Concentrated solar power | Growing markets in California, Spain, Northern Africa[57] | Electricity generation | DESERTEC, BrightSource Energy, Solar Millennium |
Double-layer capacitor | Diffusion, continued development[58] | Faster-charging, longer-lasting, more flexible, greener energy storage (e.g. for regenerative braking) | |
Energy harvesting | Experiments | Constant energy source for mobile, wearable and ubiquitous devices | Humavox |
Flywheel energy storage | Limited commercialization | Energy storage | |
Fusion power | Research, experiments | Electricity and heat generation, fusion torch recycling with waste heat | ITER, NIF, Wendelstein 7-X, Magnetic confinement fusion, Dense plasma focus, Muon-catalyzed fusion |
Generation IV nuclear reactor | Research, experiments | Electricity and heat generation, transmutation of nuclear waste stockpiles from traditional reactors | |
Gravity battery | Small-scale examples | Energy storage | |
Home fuel cell | Research, commercialization[59][60][61] | Off-the-grid, producing electricity in using an environmentally friendly fuel as a backup during long term power failures. | Autonomous building, Bloom Energy Server |
Lithium–air battery | Research, experiments[62] | Laptops, mobile phones, long-range electric cars; storing energy for electric grid | |
Lithium iron phosphate battery | Commercialization | Energy storage | |
Lithium–sulfur battery | Research and development | Energy storage | |
Magnesium battery | Early commercialization | Energy storage | |
Molten salt reactor | Research, experiments | Electricity and heat generation | |
Nanowire battery | Experiments, prototypes[63][64] | Laptops, mobile phones, long-range electric cars; storing energy for electric grid | |
Nantenna | Research[65][66][67] | Electricity generation | |
Ocean thermal energy conversion | Prototype | Electricity generation | |
Solid-state battery | Niche uses | Reliable, power-dense energy storage (particularly for electric cars and wearable technology) | |
Smart grid | Research, diffusion[68][69][70] | Advanced grid power management | Smart meter, SuperSmart Grid |
Space-based solar power | Early research | Electricity generation | |
Thorium nuclear fuel cycle | Research started in the 1960s, still ongoing | Electricity and heat generation | |
Vortex engine | Power generation | ||
Wireless energy transfer | Prototypes, diffusion, short range consumer products[71][72] | Wirelessly powered equipment: laptop, cell phones, electric cars, etc. | WiTricity, resonant inductive coupling |
Zero-energy building | Expansion | Energy-efficient homes | Passive house |
Materials and textiles
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
4D printing | Research and development | ||
Aerogel | Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses[73] | Improved thermal insulation (for pipelines, aerospace, etc.), as well as insulative "glass" if it can be made clear | |
Amorphous metal | Experiments, use in amorphous metal transformers | Armor, implants | |
Bioplastic | Limited commercialization (e.g. polylactic acid in 3D printing) | Disposable packaging and single-use items | |
Conductive polymers | Research, experiments, prototypes | Lighter and cheaper wires, antistatic materials, organic solar cells | Jacquard weaving |
Cryogenic treatment | Research, experiments, prototypes | Significantly stronger metal components | |
Edible packaging | Diffusion | Biodegradable alternatives to plastic | |
Electric armour | Prototypes | Better protection for warships and armoured fighting vehicles from shaped charge weapons | |
Fullerene | Experiments, diffusion | Programmable matter | |
Graphene | Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses[74][75] | Higher-specific strength structural components, higher-frequency transistors, lower-cost mobile displays, automotive hydrogen storage, biosensors,[76] more efficient batteries[77] | |
Lab-on-a-chip | Limited commercialization | More efficient laboratory analysis | |
High-temperature superconductivity | Cryogenic receiver front-end (CRFE) RF and microwave filter systems for mobile phone base stations; prototypes in dry ice; experiments for lower temperatures[78] | No-loss conductors, frictionless bearings, magnetic levitation, lossless high-capacity accumulators, electric cars, heat-free integrated circuits | |
Magnetic nanoparticles | Development | Cancer treatment,[79][80] wastewater treatment[81] | |
Magnetorheological fluid | Research and development, limited magnetorheological damping applications | Seismic damping for earthquake resistance | Electrorheological fluid |
Microfluidics | Research and development | ||
High-temperature superfluidity | Superfluid gyroscopes exist but work at very low temperatures | High-precision measure of gravity, navigation and maneuver devices, possible devices to emit gravitomagnetic field, frictionless mechanical devices | |
Metamaterials | Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion[82] | Microscopes, cameras, metamaterial cloaking, cloaking devices | |
Metal foam | Research, limited commercialization | Space colonies, floating cities | |
Multi-function structures[83] | Hypothetical, experiments, some prototypes, few commercial | Wide range of applications (e.g. self-health monitoring, self-healing materials) | |
Nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes | Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses[84][85] | Higher-specific strength structural components | Potential applications of carbon nanotubes, Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers |
Quantum dot | Research, experiments, prototypes,[86] commercialization[citation needed] | Quantum dot lasers, quantum dot displays, faster data communication, laser scalpels | |
Self-healing materials | Research, experiments | Infrastructure, robotics, biotech | |
Silicene | Early research | Nanoscale electronics | |
Superalloy | Research, diffusion | Significantly stronger metal components (particularly in aircraft jet engines) | |
Synthetic diamond | Research, commercialization | Electronics | |
Time crystal | Research experiments[87] | Quantum computers with stable qubits | |
Translucent concrete | Commercialization | Construction of buildings and sculptures (e.g. Europe Gate) |
Medicine
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial uterus | Research, experiments | Space travel, extracorporeal pregnancy, reprogenetics, same-sex procreation | |
Body implant, prosthesis | Trials, from animal (e.g., brain implants) to human clinical (e.g., insulin pump implant), to commercial production (e.g. pacemaker, joint replacement, cochlear implant) | Brain implant, retinal implant | Prosthetics, prosthetics in fiction, cyborg |
Cryonics | Hypothetical, research, commercialization (e.g. Alcor, Cryonics Institute) | Life extension | |
De-extinction | Research, development, trials | Animal husbandry, pets, zoos | Revival of the woolly mammoth |
Electronic medical records | Deployment | Replacing paper medical records | |
Human DNA vaccination and mRNA vaccination | Implementation in 2021 to combat the COVID-19 pandemic | Disease vaccinations, cancer therapy | |
Enzybiotics | Successful first trials | ||
Genetic engineering of organisms and viruses | Research, development, commercialization[88][89] | Creating and modifying species (mainly improving their physical and mental capabilities), bio-machines, eliminating genetic disorders (gene therapy), new materials production,[90] healthier and cheaper food, creating drugs and vaccines, research in natural sciences, bioremediation,[91] detecting arsenic,[92] CO2 reducing superplant,[93] | Biopunk, Genetically modified food, superhuman, human enhancement, transhumanism, gene doping, designer baby, genetic pollution |
Hibernation or suspended animation | Research, development, animal trials[94] | Organ transplantation, space travel, prolonged surgery, emergency care | |
Life extension, strategies for engineered negligible senescence | Research, experiments, animal testing[95][96] | Increased life spans | Immortality, biological immortality |
Nanomedicine | Research, experiments, limited use[97][98] | ||
Nanosensors | Research and development | ||
Omni Processor | Research and development; some prototypes | ||
Oncolytic virus | Human trials (Talimogene laherparepvec, reolysin, JX-594), commercialisation (H101) | Cancer therapy, imaging | Oncolytic virus |
Personalized medicine, full genome sequencing | Research, experiments[99] | Personalized medical procedures, genome sequencing during drug trials | Personal genomics |
Phage therapy | First trial uses | ||
Plantibody | Clinical trials | ||
Regenerative medicine | Some laboratory trials[100] | Life extension | |
Robotic surgery | Research, diffusion[101][102][103] | ||
Senolytic | Under investigation | ||
Stem cell treatments | Research, experiments, phase I human trial spinal cord injury treatment (GERON), cultured cornea transplants[104][105] | Treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries | Stem cell, stem cell treatments |
Synthetic biology, synthetic genomics | Research, development, first synthetic bacteria created May 2010[106][107] | Infinitely scalable production processes based on programmable species of bacteria and other life forms | BioBrick, iGEM, synthetic genomics |
Tissue engineering | Research, diffusion[108][109][110][111] | Organ printing, tooth regeneration | |
Tricorder | Research and development | Diagnosing medical conditions | Medical tricorder |
Virotherapy | Research, human trials | Gene therapy, cancer therapy | Virotherapy, Oncolytic Virus |
Vitrification or cryoprotectant | Research, some experiments[112] | Organ transplantation, cryonics |
Neuroscience
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial brain | Research[25] | Treatment of neurological disease, artificial intelligence | Blue Brain Project, Human Brain Project |
Brain–computer interface | Research and commercialization | Faster communication and learning, as well as more "real" entertainment (generation of feelings and information in brain on-demand) and the control of emotions in the mentally ill[113] | Experience machine, Neuralink, Stent-electrode recording array |
Brain-reading, neuroinformatics | Research[114][115] | ||
Electroencephalography | Research, diffusion[116] | Controlling electronic devices via brain waves | BrainGate |
Head transplant | Success in animal experiments, including 2-headed result | Treatment of debilitating diseases or severe disfigurement | Brain transplant, hand transplantation, organ transplantation |
Memory erasure | Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder | ||
Neuroprosthetics | Research, animal trials | Visual prosthesis, brain implant, exocortex, retinal implant, neurograin[117] | |
Wetware computer | Experimentation | Artificial general intelligence, better understanding of neurons |
Military
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
Caseless ammunition | Field tests and limited commercialization | Lighter and cheaper ammunition; the lack of a case may also simplify the design of firearms | Lightweight Small Arms Technologies |
Cloaking device | Successful experiments cloaking small objects under some conditions[118] | Stealth | Metamaterial cloaking |
Directed-energy weapon | Research, development, some prototypes[119] | Laser Weapon System, Iron Beam | |
Electrolaser | Research and development | ||
Electrothermal-chemical technology | Research and development | Tank, artillery, and close-in weapon systems | |
Force field | Hypothetical, experiments[120] | Military and law enforcement, space travel | Plasma window |
Green bullet | Development | Environment-friendly ammunition | |
Hypersonic cruise missile | Development | Avangard, Kinzhal, Zircon, BrahMos-II, Prompt Global Strike, DARPA Falcon Project, DF-ZF, Boeing X-51 Waverider | |
Laser weapon | Research and development, trials | Tracking and destruction of rockets, bombs, drones etc.[121] | Advanced Tactical Laser, High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System |
MAHEM | Research and development | A formed penetrator using molten metal in place of self-forging explosives | Explosively pumped flux compression generator |
Precision-guided firearm | Research and development | Increased accuracy by marksmen | EXACTO, Smart bullet, TrackingPoint |
Railgun | Research and development[122][123] | Cheaper and safer ammunition | Coilgun |
Stealth technology | Research and development | Electronic countermeasures | Plasma stealth, Stealth aircraft, Radar-absorbent material |
Telescoped ammunition | Research and development | More compact cartridges | |
Lightweight Small Arms Technologies | Research and development |
Space
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial gravity | Research and development | Space travel | Spin gravity |
Asteroid mining | Conceptual; NASA has announced plans to capture and redirect an asteroid[124] | Commerce, resource supply | |
Inflatable space habitat | Development, prototypes built and tested | Space habitats | Bigelow Aerospace |
Reusable launch vehicle | Commercial | Circumvention of the cost of expendable launch vehicles outside of national government or military missions | Reusable launch vehicle |
Starshot | Research | Uncrewed interstellar probes[125] | |
Stasis chamber | Research and development, experiments[126] | Interplanetary space travel, interstellar space travel, medical |
Robotics
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
Android, gynoid | Research, development, prototypes, diffusion, commercializing[127] | Disabled, infant and older people care, housekeeping, sex-worker, flight-attendant, model, hostess, waiter, security guard | Tesla bot |
Gastrobot | Prototypes | Robots fuelled by digesting organic matter | |
Molecular nanotechnology, nanorobotics | Hypothetical, experiments[128] | Machines that can make anything given the materials, cheap planetary terraforming | Rotimatic |
Powered exoskeleton | Research, development, prototypes, diffusion, commercializing[129] | Heavy lifting, paralysis, muscle-related diseases, warfare, construction, firefighting, care for the elderly and disabled | LOPES (exoskeleton), ReWalk, Human Universal Load Carrier, fictional armor Iron Man's armor, Future Force Warrior |
Self-reconfiguring modular robot | Hypothetical, experiments, early prototypes | As a universal physical machine, SRCMR may change the way many physical structures and machines are made | Robot, swarm robotics, autonomous research robot |
Swarm robotics | Hypothetical, experiments[130] | Autonomous construction, space construction | Swarm intelligence, autonomous robotics, nanorobotics, particle swarm optimization, multi-agent systems, behavior-based robotics |
Uncrewed vehicle | Research and development, diffusion, commercial | Transport of goods, surveillance, oceanography, wildfire mapping, pipeline security, home security, anti-piracy, border control, pursuing criminals, oil, gas and mineral exploration and production, geophysical and geomagnetic surveys, exploration of hazardous areas, firefighting,[131] military and peacekeeping operations, search and rescue, bomb disposal, police raids | Unmanned aerial vehicle, AeroVironment, AeroVironment Global Observer, AeroVironment Nano Hummingbird, Unmanned combat air vehicle, Unmanned ground vehicle, Unmanned space vehicle, Unmanned surface vehicle, Unmanned underwater vehicle, Autonomous underwater vehicle |
Transport
[edit]Emerging technology | Status | Potential applications | Related articles |
---|---|---|---|
Airless tire | Research, development, early prototypes[132][133] | Safer tires | Tweel |
Atmospheric satellite | Experimentation | More widespread communications | |
Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit | Commercialization, diffusion | Reducing air pollution, decreasing oil consumption | Electric vehicle |
Flexible wings (X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing, Adaptive Compliant Wing), fluidic flight controls | Experiments, prototypes[134][135][136][137][138] | Controlling aircraft, ships | Aircraft flight control system, BAE Systems Demon, fluidics |
Distributed propulsion | Prototypes | More efficient air travel | |
Electric vehicles | Commercialization | Less pollution and sustainable vehicles | Electric car, Electric bike, Electric plane, Electric boat, Electric bus, Electric truck |
eVTOL | Research, Development | Low emission and low noise air travel, air taxis | |
Flying car | Early commercialization, prototypes[139][140] | More effective transportation | Terrafugia Transition, Moller M400 Skycar, Urban Aeronautics X-Hawk, AeroMobil |
Fusion rocket | Research, development[141] | Fast interplanetary travel, with limited interstellar travel applications | |
Ground-level power supply | Standardization,[142][143] commercialization[144][145] | Reduction of required battery size and weight for battery electric vehicles by charging while driving | |
Hoverbike | Working prototypes, early commercialization | Package delivery, search and rescue | |
Hovertrain, Ground effect train, Ground effect vehicle | Research, development[146][147] | Faster trains | Aérotrain, Duke Hospital PRT, Hovercraft |
Hybrid airship | Prototypes | Air travel with low fuel consumption | Airlander 10 |
Ion-propelled aircraft | Research, development, prototypes[148][149] | Better flying transportation, efficient propulsion in air | Electrohydrodynamics |
Jet pack or backpack helicopter | Early commercialization, prototypes[150] | More effective individual transportation | |
Maglev train | Research, early commercialization, diffusion[151][152] | Faster trains | Transrapid, Shanghai Maglev Train, Linimo |
Magnetic levitation | Research, development, Commercialization (Maglev Train) | High temperature superconductivity, cryogenics, low temperature refrigerators, superconducting magnet design and construction, fiber reinforced plastics for vehicles and structural concretes, communication and high power solid-state controls, vehicle design (aerodynamics and noise mitigation), precision manufacturing, construction and fabrication of concrete structures,[153] maglev car, maglev based spacecraft launch | Vactrain, Levicar |
Magnetohydrodynamic drive | Research, development, prototypes[154] | Marine Propulsion, Aircraft Propulsion, Spacecraft Propulsion | Yamato 1 |
Mass driver | Prototypes | ||
Orbital propellant depot | Research, development | Deep-space missions with larger payloads, satellite life extension, lowering cost per kg launched to space | |
Personal rapid transit | Early commercialization, diffusion[155][156] | More effective transportation | Morgantown PRT, ULTra |
Physical Internet | Research[157] | ||
Scooter-sharing system | Commercialization | Increased density[158] | Bird (company) |
Vactrain | Research, development[159] | Faster way to get somewhere | ET3 Global Alliance, Hyperloop |
Plasma propulsion | Research and development | Spacecraft propulsion | |
Pulse detonation engine | Research and development; one prototype flown in 2008[160] | Higher-efficiency propulsion | |
Quiet Supersonic Technology | Prototype | Supersonic air travel over land | |
Self-driving car | Research, development, early commercialization | Reducing concerns of tiredness while driving and also looking outside in the car. Helpful in countries where employment of personal drivers is expensive. | Waymo, Tesla FSD |
Space elevator | Research[161] | Non-rocket spacelaunch | Orbital ring, Sky hook, Space fountain |
Spaceplane | Research, development[162][163][164] | Hypersonic transport | A2, Skylon |
Vehicular communication systems | Research and development, some diffusion | Traffic management, automatic accommodation of emergency vehicles, driver assistance systems, automated highways | Artificial Passenger, Dedicated short-range communications, Intelligent transportation system |
See also
[edit]References
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Apple’s first set of AI features on iOS 18 will run natively on iPhone: Report indianexpress.com April 16, 2024 Archived from the original source
Further reading
[edit]- Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2015, MIT Technology Review
- Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2016, MIT Technology Review
- Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2017, MIT Technology Review
- Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2018, MIT Technology Review
- Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2019, MIT Technology Review
- Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2020, MIT Technology Review