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Sufi saints or Wali (Arabic: ولي, plural ʾawliyāʾ أولياء) played an instrumental role in spreading Islam throughout the world.[1] In the traditional Islamic view, a saint is portrayed as someone "marked by [special] divine favor ... [and] holiness", and who is specifically "chosen by God and endowed with exceptional gifts, such as the ability to work miracles."[2]
List
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A
[edit]- Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili
- Ali Hisam-ad-Din Naqshbandi
- Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan (1934–2017, 12th Sheikh of Silsila Naqshbandia Owaisiah and writer of several books and 03 Tafaseer of the Holy Qur'an)
- Abdallah ibn Alawi al-Haddad (1634–1720, buried in Hadhramaut, author on several books on Dhikr)
- Abdullah Ansari
- Abdullah Shah Ghazi (d. 720, buried in Karachi)
- Abdul Khaliq Ghajadwani (d. 1179, buried in Bukhara, one of the Khwajagan of the Naqshbandi order)
- Abdul Qadir Gilani (1077–1166, buried in Baghdad, founder of the Qadiriyya Sufi order)[3][4]
- Abdul Razzaq Gilani (1134–1207, buried in Baghdad, son of Abdul Qadir Gilani, promoted the Qadiriyya order)
- Abu Ishaq Shami (d. 940, buried on Mount Qasioun, founder of the Chishti Order)
- Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr (967–1049, buried in Miana, Turkmenistan, poet who innovated the use of love poetry to express mystic concepts)
- Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi (1219–1287, buried in Anfoushi, one of the four master saints of Egypt)
- Abul Hasan Hankari (1018–1093, buried in Baghdad, noted scholar and miracle worker)
- Adam Khaki (14th century, buried in Badarpur, Assam, took part in the Conquest of Sylhet and preached at Badarpur)
- Afaq Khoja (1626–1694, buried in Xinjiang, opposed the Chagatai Khanate's attempt to enforce Yassa law on Muslims)
- Ahamed Muhyudheen Noorishah Jeelani (1915–1990, buried in Hyderabad, India, founder of the Nooriya sufi order)
- Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921, buried in the Bareilly Sharif Dargah, reformer in British India)
- Ahmad Ghazali (1061 to 1123 or 1126, buried in Qazvin, younger brother of the more famous Al-Ghazali, reasoned that as God is absolute beauty, to adore any object of beauty is to participate in a divine act of love)
- Ahmad al-Tijani (1737–1815, buried in Fez, Morocco), founder of the Tijaniyyah order)
- Ahmadou Bamba (1853–1927, buried next to the Great Mosque of Touba, lead a pacifist struggle against the French colonial empire)
- Ahmad Yasawi (1093–1166, buried in the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, poet, founder of Turkish Sufism)
- Akshamsaddin (1389–1459, buried in Göynük, tutor and advisor to Mehmed the Conqueror)
- Akhundzada Saif-ur-Rahman Mubarak (1925–2010, buried in Lahore, founder of the Saifia Sufi order)
- Al-Busiri (1211–1294, buried in Alexandria, poet, author of the Qasida Burda)
- Wasif Ali Wasif (1929-1993, buried in Lahore, was a teacher, writer, poet, and Sufi saint from Pakistan)
- Habib al-Ajami (d. 738, buried in Basra)
- Abu Bakr al-Aydarus (1447–1508, buried in Aden, the patron saint of Aden, credited with introducing Qadiri Sufism to Ethiopia and coffee to the Arab world)
- Ahmad al-Badawi (1200–1276, buried in Ahmad Al-Badawi Mosque, most popular saint in Egypt)
- Khwaja Ahrar (1404–1490 AD), played a significant role in establishing the Naqshbandi Order
- Al-Ghazali (1058–1111, buried in Tus, Iran, considered a Mujaddid, author of The Revival of the Religious Sciences and The Incoherence of the Philosophers, influenced early modern European criticism of Aristotelian physics)
- Al-Hallaj (858–922, ashes scattered in the Tigris, imprisoned and executed after requesting "O Muslims, save me from God" and declaring "I am the Truth")
- Ali Hujwiri (1009–1072/77, buried in Lahore, Pakistan, author of Kashf ul Mahjoob, spread Sufism throughout the Indian Subcontinent)[5]
- Ali-Shir Nava'i (1441–1501, buried in Herat, author of Muhakamat al-Lughatayn and founder of Turkic literature)
- Abu al-Hassan al-Kharaqani (963–1033, illiterate mystic who influenced Avicenna, Rumi, and Jami)
- Al-Qushayri (986–1072, buried in Nishapur, author who distinguished four layers of Quranic interpretation and defended the historical lineage of Sufism)
- Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari (1196–1291, buried near Haridwar, founder of the Sabiriya branch of the Chishti order)[6]
- Amir Khusrau (1253–1325, buried in the Nizamuddin Dargah, influential musician, considered the "father of Urdu literature")[7]
- Amir Kulal (1278–1370, buried near Bukhara, taught Timur and Baha' al-Din Naqshband)
- Attar of Nishapur (1145–1221, buried in the Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur, author of The Conference of the Birds and the hagiographic Tazkirat al-Awliya)
- Aurangzeb (1618-1707), buried in Khuldabad, also known as Jinda Pir. Author of Fatwa e Alamgir.
- Azan Faqir (17th century, buried in Sivasagar near the Brahmaputra River, reformer who stabilized Islam in the Assam region)[8]
- Abd al-Karīm al-Jīlī (1365-1424, expounded on the works of Ibn Arabi)
- Abu Al Fazal Abdul Wahid Yemeni Tamimi
- Abdul Aziz bin Hars bin Asad Yemeni Tamimi
- Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi
- Abu Bakr Shibli
- Ahmad Zarruq
- Arabati Baba Teḱe
- Ata Hussain Fani Chishti (1816-1893, buried in Gaya (India)) was a Sufi saint of the Chishti Order in South Asia.
B
[edit]- Baba Fakruddin (1169–1295, buried in Penukonda)[9]
- Baba Kuhi of Shiraz (948-1037)
- Baba Shadi Shaheed (17th century, first Chib Rajput to convert to Islam, married a daughter of Babur)
- Sheikh Bedreddin (1359–1420, buried in Istanbul in 1961, revolted against Mehmed I)
- Baha' al-Din Naqshband (1318–1389, buried in Bukhara, founder of the Naqshbandi order)
- Balım Sultan (d. 1517/1519, buried in Nevşehir Province, co-founder of the Bektashi Order)
- Bahauddin Zakariya (1170–1267, buried in the Shrine of Bahauddin Zakariya, spread the Suhrawardiyya order through South Asia)[10]
- Bande Nawaz (1321–1422, buried in Gulbarga, spread the Chishti Order to southern India)[11]
- Khwaja Baqi Billah (1564–1605, buried in Delhi, spread the Naqshbandi order into India)[12]
- Bawa Muhaiyaddeen (d. 1986, founder of the Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship in Philadelphia)
- Bayazid Bastami (874/5-848/9, buried in Shrine of Bayazid Bostami, noted for his ideas on spiritual intoxication)
- Bibi Jamal Khatun (d. 1639 or 1647, lived in Sehwan Sharif, sister of Mian Mir)[13]
- Bodla Bahar (1238-1298, buried in Sehwan Sharif, features in the miracle stories of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar)
- Bu Ali Shah Qalandar (1209–1324, buried in Panipat)[14]
- Bulleh Shah (1680–1757, buried in Kasur, regarded as "the father of Punjabi enlightenment")
D
[edit]- Dara Shikoh (1615–1659, brother of Aurangzeb, author of Majma-ul-Bahrain)[15]
- Daud Bandagi Kirmani (1513–1575, buried in Shergarh, Punjab)[16]
- Dawūd al-Qayṣarī
- Dawud Tai (d. circa 777-782)
- Dhul-Nun al-Misri
F
[edit]- Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi
- Fariduddin Ganjshakar (1188–1280, buried in the Shrine of Baba Farid, Pakpattan, Pakistan and developed Punjabi literature through poetry)[17]
- Fazl Ahmad Khan (1857–1907), Indian Sufi teacher
- Fuzuli (1494–1556), considered one of the greatest poets of Azerbaijani literature)
- Imam Fassi
G
[edit]- Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (1743–1824, buried in Delhi)
- Ghulam Farid (1845–1901), buried in Mithankot, poet
- Ghousi Shah (1893–1954, buried in Hyderabad)
- Gül Baba (d. 1541, buried in Tomb of Gül Baba, esoteric author and patron saint of Budapest)
H
[edit]- Hafez (1315-1390, buried in Tomb of Hafez, highly popular antinomian Persian poet whose works are regularly quoted and even used for divination)
- Haji Huud (1025–1141, buried in Patan, Gujarat, helped spread Islam in India)[18]
- Haji Bayram Veli (1352–1430, buried in Ankara, founder of the Bayramiye order)
- Haji Bektash Veli (1209–1271, buried in the Haji Bektash Veli Complex, revered by both Alevis and Bektashis)
- Hasan al-Basri (642-728, buried in Az Zubayr, highly important figure in the development of Sunni Sufism)
- Hazrat Babajan (d. 1931, buried in Pune, master to Meher Baba)
- Hayreddin Tokadi
- Yusuf Hamdani (1062-1141, buried in Merv)
- Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani (1314–1384, buried in Khatlon Region, spread the Kubrawiya order throughout Asia)[19]
- Usman Harooni
- Ali Hujwiri
I
[edit]- Iraqī (1213–1289)[20]
- Ibrahim Niass
- Ibrahim ibn Adham
- Ibn Arabi
- Ibn Ata Allah
- Imam Ali-ul-Haq (925-971, buried in Sialkot).
- Ibrahim al-Dasuqi (1255–1296, buried in Desouk, founder of the Desouki order)
- İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi (1703–1780, buried in Tillo, astronomer and encyclopedist, first Muslim author to cover post-Copernican astronomy)
- Ibrahim ibn Faïd (1396-1453)
- Imadaddin Nasimi
- Ismail Haqqi Bursevi (1653-1725, buried in Bursa, author noted for esoteric interpretations of the Quran)
- Ismail Qureshi al Hashmi (1260–1349)
J
[edit]- Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari (1192–1291)[21]
- Jamal-ud-Din Hansvi
- Jabir ibn Hayyan
- Ja'far al-Sadiq
- Jahanara Begum Sahib (1614–1681)[15]
- Jahaniyan Jahangasht (1308–1384)
- Jamī
K
[edit]- Kasim Baba, fifteenth century Bektashi holy man and missionary
- Khalid-i Baghdadi (1779–1827)
- Kabir (1398–1518)
M
[edit]- Muhibbullah Allahabadi
- Aisha Al-Manoubya
- Madurai Maqbara
- Merkez Efendi
- Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan (1699–1781)
- Muhammad Jaunpuri
- Muhammad al-Jazuli
- Syed Abdul Rehman Jilani Dehlvi (1024-1088)
- Abdul Karim Jili
- Junayd of Baghdad
- Khâlid-i Baghdâdî
- Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki
- Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari
- Maruf Karkhi
- Khan Jahan Ali (d. 1459)
- Lal Shahbaz Qalander (1177–1274)[22]
- Machiliwale Shah
- Magtymguly Pyragy
- Noor Muhammad Maharvi (1730–1791)
- Mahmoodullah Shah
- Mahmud Hudayi
- Madurai Maqbara
- Mir Amjad Ibrahim Ash Shadhili
- Meher Ali Shah
- Mian Mir (1550–1635)[23]
- Mian Muhammad Bakhsh
- Sayyid Ali Hamadani
- Muhammad Suleman Taunsvi
- Mohammad Tartusi
- Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi (1013-1119)[24]
- Muhammad Al-Makki
- Muhammad ibn Tayfour Sajawandi
- Muhammad Ilyas Attar Qadri
- Muqaddam
- Muhammad Qadiri (1552-1654)
- Mustafa Devati
- Mustafa Gaibi
- Mushtaq Ali Shah (?-1792)
- Makhdoom Ali Mahimi (1372–1431)[25]
- Mohammed al-Hadi ben Issa (1467–1526, buried in Meknes, founder of the Aissawa order)
- Moinuddin Chishti (1141–1230, buried in the Ajmer Sharif Dargah, spread the Chishti order throughout India)[26]
- Muhammad ibn `Ali at-Tirmidhi
N
[edit]O
[edit]P
[edit]- Pir Baba (1431-1502)[28]
- Pir Sultan
- Pir Yemeni
- Muhammad Alauddin Siddiqui (1936-2017)[29]
Q
[edit]- Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
- Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
- Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki(1173–1235)
R
[edit]- Ahmad Sirhindi (a.k.a. Imam Rabbani; ca. 1564–1624)[30]
- Rabia Basri
- Rahman Baba
- Ahmed al-Rifa'i
- Rukn-e-Alam (1251–1335)[31]
- Rumi
S
[edit]- Saadi Shirazi
- Farqad Sabakhi
- Sachal Sarmast (1739-1827)
- Shaban Veli
- Shah Maroof Khushabi
- Sidi Boushaki
- Sahl al-Tustari
- Salim Chishti (1478–1572)[32]
- Salman the Persian
- Sanai
- Syed Ahmad Sultan (12th-century)
- Sarı Saltık
- Sarmad Kashani (d. 1661)[33]
- Saint Nuri
- Ashraf Jahangir Semnani (1308–1405)[34]
- Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (1689-1752)
- Shah Badakhshi (1584–1661)[35]
- Sayed Badiuddin
- Shah Gardez (1026–1152)[36]
- Shah Hussain (1538–1599)[37]
- Shah Jalal (1271–1347)[38]
- Shah Jalal Dakhini (d. 1476)
- Shah Amanat (d. 1809)
- Shah Paran (14th century)[39]
- Shamas Faqir
- Shams Tabrizi
- Molla Şemseddin Fenari
- Sheikh Edebali
- Şeyh Gâlib
- Shah Syed Muhammad Nurbakhsh Qahistani
- Syed Ahmad Ullah Maizbhandari (1826-1906)
- Soch Kraal
- Sufi Barkat Ali
- Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi
- Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi
- Sharfuddin Shah Wilayat (1255-1346)
- Shaykh Syed Mir Mirak Andrabi ( 921A.H - 990 A.H)
- Somuncu Baba
- Sirri Saqti
- Sultan Bahu (1628–1691)
- Sultan Walad
- Shah Farid-ud-Din Baghdadi (c. 1551 AD – c. 1733 AD)
- Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi
- Safi-ad-din Ardabili
- Sünbül Efendi
T
[edit]U
[edit]W
[edit]Y
[edit]- Yahya bey Dukagjini
- Yahya Efendi
- Makhdoom Yahya Maneri (1263–1381)[40]
- Khwaja Yunus Ali
- Yunus Emre
- Youza Asouph
Z
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (1975). Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 346. ISBN 0-8078-1271-4.
- ^ Radtke, B., "Saint", in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
- ^ Biographical encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East by N. Hanif, 2002, p. 123.
- ^ The Sultan of the saints: mystical life and teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani, Muhammad Riyāz Qādrī, 2000, p. 24.
- ^ Pnina Werbner (2003). Pilgrims of Love: The Anthropology of a Global Sufi Cult. C. Hurst & Co. p. 4.
- ^ Dr. Harbhajan Singh (2002). Sheikh Farid. Hindi Pocket Books. p. 11. ISBN 81-216-0255-6.
- ^ E.G. Browne (1998). Literary History of Persia.
- ^ The Brahmaputra Beckons. Brahmaputra Beckons Publication Committee. 1982. p. 39. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
- ^ Jagadish Narayan Sarkar. Thoughts on Trends of Cultural Contacts in Medieval India. p. 41.
- ^ ZH Sharib (2006). The Sufi saints of the Indian subcontinent. Munshirm Manoharlal Pub Pvt Ltd.
- ^ Urs-e-Sharief of Khwaja Bande Nawaz in Gulbarga from tomorrow Archived 2008-06-12 at the Wayback Machine "The Hindu", Nov 27, 2007.
- ^ "Article on KhwajaBaqi Billah". Archived from the original on 2010-06-27. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
- ^ Ernst, Carl W. (1997). The Shambhala Guide to Sufism. Boston: Shambhala. p. 67. ISBN 978-1570621802.
- ^ "Dargah of Bu-Ali-Shah-Qalandar". Archived from the original on 2010-03-14. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ a b Schimmel, Annemarie (1997). My Soul Is a Woman: The Feminine in Islam. New York: Continuum. p. 50. ISBN 0-8264-1014-6.
- ^ Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh’, Vol II and III, by Abdul Qadir bin Mulik Shah Al-Badaoni (Translated into English by R.A. Ranking in 1894).
- ^ Sandeep Singh Bajwa. "Baba Fariduddin Mas'ud". Archived from the original on 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ "Haji Huud" (Oct. 1, 2001). Published in Al Ashraf: 17–20.
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(help) - ^ G. M. D. Sufi. "THE SPREAD OF ISLAM IN KASHMIR". Archived from the original on 2007-04-19. Retrieved 2009-11-09.
- ^ William C. Chittick. "ʿERĀQĪ, FAḴR-al-DĪN EBRĀHĪM". Encyclopedia Iranica. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-11-17.
- ^ Muhammad Dawood. "Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari". Archived from the original on 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ Sarah Ansari (1971). Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947. Vanguard Books.
- ^ K J S Ahluwalia (May 2006). "Spot the Emperor in the Story of Fakir Mian Mir". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 2012-02-11. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
- ^ Gibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J. (1986) [1st. pub. 1960]. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. I (A-B) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 69. ISBN 9004081143.
- ^ S Ahmed Ali (2002-12-22). "On Urs, Mumbai police keep tryst with Sufi saint". Archived from the original on 2005-04-22. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
- ^ Neeti M. Sadarangani. Bhakti poetry in medieval India. p. 60.
- ^ originally compiled by Amir Hasan ʻAlāʼ Sijzī Dehlawī; English translation with introduction and historical annotation by Ziya-ul-Hasan Faruqi. (1996). Fawa'id Al-Fu'ad--Spiritual and Literary Discourses of Shaikh Nizammuddin Awliya. South Asia Books. ISBN 8124600422.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Hazrat Pir Baba (Rahmatullahi Allaih)". www.pirbaba.org. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
- ^ "English Biography - Shaykh Muhammad Alaudin Siddiqui". www.mailofislam.com. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
- ^ Aziz Ahmad, Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment, Oxford University Press, 1964, p.189
- ^ "HISTORY OF MULTAN". Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ Carl W. Ernst; Bruce B. Lawrence (2002). Sufi martyrs of love: the Chishti Order in South Asia and beyond. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 98. ISBN 1403960275.
- ^ Gupta, M.G. (2000). Sarmad the Saint: Life and Works (Revised ed.). MG Publishers. ISBN 81-85532-32-X.
- ^ Carl W. Ernst; Bruce B. Lawrence (2002). Sufi Martyrs of Love: The Chishti Order in South Asia and Beyond. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1403960267.
- ^ Tasadduq Husain (Jul–Aug 2002). "The Spiritual Journey of Dara Shukoh". Social Scientist. 30 (7/8): 54–66. doi:10.2307/3518151. JSTOR 3518151.
- ^ DRAMK DURRANI (1989). "Central Asian Saints of Multan". Area Study Centre (Central Asia), University of Peshawar.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ Lal, Mohan. (2006) Encyclopaedia of Indian literature. Vol. 5, Sahitya Akademi, Delhi, p. 3940. ISBN 81-260-1221-8
- ^ Karim, Abdul (2012). "Shah Jalal (R)". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 2015-07-07. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
- ^ Kānunago, Sunīti Bhūshaṇa (1988). A History of Chittagong. Dipankar Qanungo. Dipankar Qanungo. p. 476. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ Masood Ali Khan, S. Ram., ed. (2003). Encyclopaedia of Sufism. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. ISBN 8126113111.