The governor of New Hampshire is the head of government of the U.S. state of New Hampshire and is commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.
The current governor is Republican Chris Sununu, who took office on January 5, 2017, and has been re-elected three times. The longest-serving governor is John Taylor Gilman, who served as governor for 14 years, from 1794 to 1805 and from 1813 to 1816.
Governors
[edit]New Hampshire was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on June 21, 1788.[1] Before it declared its independence, New Hampshire was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.
The original 1776 Constitution of New Hampshire did not provide for a chief executive. The office of President was created by the 1784 constitution, and renamed Governor in 1792.[2] Governors served one-year terms until an 1877 amendment increased this to two years.[3] there have never been any term limits for the office, nor is there a lieutenant governor; should the office become vacant, the president of the New Hampshire Senate acts as governor.[4]
No. | Governor[a] | Term in office | Party | Election | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
Meshech Weare (1713–1786) [5] |
June 15, 1784[6] – June 8, 1785 (did not run) |
No parties[7] | 1784 | |
2 | ![]() |
John Langdon (1741–1819) [8][9] |
June 8, 1785[10] – June 9, 1786 (lost election) |
No parties[7] | 1785 | |
3 | ![]() |
John Sullivan (1740–1795) [11][12] |
June 9, 1786[13] – June 6, 1788 (lost election) |
No parties[7] | 1786 | |
1787 | ||||||
2 | ![]() |
John Langdon (1741–1819) [8][9] |
June 6, 1788[14] – January 22, 1789 (resigned)[b] |
No parties[7] | 1788 | |
— | ![]() |
John Pickering (1737–1805) |
January 22, 1789[15] – June 9, 1789 (lost election) |
No parties[7] | President of the Senate acting | |
3 | ![]() |
John Sullivan (1740–1795) [11][12] |
June 9, 1789[16] – June 8, 1790 (did not run)[c] |
No parties[7] | 1789 | |
4 | ![]() |
Josiah Bartlett (1729–1795) [19][20] |
June 8, 1790[21] – June 5, 1794 (did not run) |
No parties[7] | 1790 | |
1791 | ||||||
1792 | ||||||
1793 | ||||||
5 | ![]() |
John Taylor Gilman (1753–1828) [22][23] |
June 5, 1794[24] – June 6, 1805 (lost election) |
Federalist[7] | 1794 | |
1795 | ||||||
1796 | ||||||
1797 | ||||||
1798 | ||||||
1799 | ||||||
1800 | ||||||
1801 | ||||||
1802 | ||||||
1803 | ||||||
1804 | ||||||
2 | ![]() |
John Langdon (1741–1819) [8][9] |
June 6, 1805[25] – June 13, 1809 (lost election) |
Democratic- Republican[7] |
1805 | |
1806 | ||||||
1807 | ||||||
1808 | ||||||
6 | ![]() |
Jeremiah Smith (1759–1842) [26][27] |
June 13, 1809[28] – June 7, 1810 (lost election) |
Federalist[7] | 1809 | |
2 | ![]() |
John Langdon (1741–1819) [8][9] |
June 7, 1810[29] – June 6, 1812 (did not run) |
Democratic- Republican[7] |
1810 | |
1811 | ||||||
7 | ![]() |
William Plumer (1759–1850) [30][31] |
June 6, 1812[32] – June 5, 1813 (lost election) |
Democratic- Republican[7] |
1812 | |
5 | ![]() |
John Taylor Gilman (1753–1828) [22][23] |
June 5, 1813[33] – June 6, 1816 (did not run) |
Federalist[7] | 1813 | |
1814 | ||||||
1815 | ||||||
7 | ![]() |
William Plumer (1759–1850) [30][31] |
June 6, 1816[34] – June 7, 1819 (did not run) |
Democratic- Republican[7] |
1816 | |
1817 | ||||||
1818 | ||||||
8 | ![]() |
Samuel Bell (1770–1850) [35][36] |
June 7, 1819[37] – June 5, 1823 (did not run)[d] |
Democratic- Republican[7] |
1819 | |
1820 | ||||||
1821 | ||||||
1822 | ||||||
9 | ![]() |
Levi Woodbury (1789–1851) [38][39] |
June 5, 1823[40] – June 4, 1824 (lost election) |
Democratic- Republican[e] |
1823 | |
10 | ![]() |
David L. Morril (1772–1849) [41][42] |
June 4, 1824[43] – June 8, 1827 (lost election) |
Democratic- Republican[f] |
1824 | |
1825 | ||||||
1826 | ||||||
11 | ![]() |
Benjamin Pierce (1757–1839) [46][47] |
June 8, 1827[48] – June 9, 1828 (lost election) |
Democratic- Republican[g] |
1827 | |
12 | ![]() |
John Bell (1765–1836) [50][51] |
June 9, 1828[52] – June 6, 1829 (lost election) |
Democratic- Republican[45] |
1828 | |
11 | ![]() |
Benjamin Pierce (1757–1839) [46][47] |
June 6, 1829[53] – June 4, 1830 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1829 | |
13 | ![]() |
Matthew Harvey (1781–1866) [54][55] |
June 4, 1830[56] – February 28, 1831 (resigned)[h] |
Democratic[45] | 1830 | |
— | ![]() |
Joseph M. Harper (1787–1865) [57][58] |
February 28, 1831[59] – June 3, 1831 (successor took office) |
Democratic[45] | President of the Senate acting | |
14 | ![]() |
Samuel Dinsmoor (1766–1835) [60][61] |
June 3, 1831[62] – June 6, 1834 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1831 | |
1832 | ||||||
1833 | ||||||
15 | ![]() |
William Badger (1779–1852) [63][64] |
June 6, 1834[65] – June 2, 1836 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1834 | |
1835 | ||||||
16 | ![]() |
Isaac Hill (1788–1851) [66][67] |
June 2, 1836[68] – June 6, 1839 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1836 | |
1837 | ||||||
1838 | ||||||
17 | ![]() |
John Page (1787–1865) [69][70] |
June 6, 1839[71] – June 2, 1842 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1839 | |
1840 | ||||||
1841 | ||||||
18 | ![]() |
Henry Hubbard (1784–1857) [72][73] |
June 2, 1842[74] – June 6, 1844 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1842 | |
1843 | ||||||
19 | ![]() |
John Hardy Steele (1789–1865) [75][76] |
June 6, 1844[77] – June 5, 1846 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1844 | |
1845 | ||||||
20 | ![]() |
Anthony Colby (1792–1873) [78][79] |
June 5, 1846[80] – June 3, 1847 (lost election) |
Whig[45] | 1846 | |
21 | ![]() |
Jared W. Williams (1796–1864) [81][82] |
June 3, 1847[83] – June 7, 1849 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1847 | |
1848 | ||||||
22 | ![]() |
Samuel Dinsmoor Jr. (1799–1869) [84][85] |
June 7, 1849[86] – June 3, 1852 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1849 | |
1850 | ||||||
1851 | ||||||
23 | ![]() |
Noah Martin (1801–1863) [87][88] |
June 3, 1852[89] – June 8, 1854 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1852 | |
1853 | ||||||
24 | ![]() |
Nathaniel B. Baker (1818–1876) [90][91] |
June 8, 1854[92] – June 7, 1855 (lost election) |
Democratic[45] | 1854 | |
25 | ![]() |
Ralph Metcalf (1796–1858) [93][94] |
June 7, 1855[95] – June 4, 1857 (did not run) |
Know Nothing[45] | 1855 | |
1856 | ||||||
26 | ![]() |
William Haile (1807–1876) [96][97] |
June 4, 1857[98] – June 2, 1859 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1857 | |
1858 | ||||||
27 | ![]() |
Ichabod Goodwin (1794–1882) [99][100] |
June 2, 1859[101] – June 6, 1861 (lost nomination)[99] |
Republican[45] | 1859 | |
1860 | ||||||
28 | ![]() |
Nathaniel S. Berry (1796–1894) [102][103] |
June 6, 1861[104] – June 4, 1863 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1861 | |
1862 | ||||||
29 | ![]() |
Joseph A. Gilmore (1811–1867) [105][106] |
June 4, 1863[107] – June 8, 1865 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1863 | |
1864 | ||||||
30 | ![]() |
Frederick Smyth (1819–1899) [108][109] |
June 8, 1865[110] – June 6, 1867 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1865 | |
1866 | ||||||
31 | ![]() |
Walter Harriman (1817–1884) [111][112] |
June 6, 1867[113] – June 3, 1869 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1867 | |
1868 | ||||||
32 | ![]() |
Onslow Stearns (1810–1878) [114][115] |
June 3, 1869[116] – June 14, 1871 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1869 | |
1870 | ||||||
33 | ![]() |
James A. Weston (1827–1895) [117][118] |
June 14, 1871[119] – June 6, 1872 (lost election) |
Democratic[45] | 1871 | |
34 | ![]() |
Ezekiel A. Straw (1819–1882) [120][121] |
June 6, 1872[122] – June 4, 1874 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1872 | |
1873 | ||||||
33 | ![]() |
James A. Weston (1827–1895) [117][118] |
June 4, 1874[123] – June 10, 1875 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1874 | |
35 | ![]() |
Person Colby Cheney (1828–1901) [124][125] |
June 10, 1875[126] – June 7, 1877 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1875 | |
1876 | ||||||
36 | ![]() |
Benjamin F. Prescott (1833–1895) [127][128] |
June 7, 1877[129] – June 5, 1879 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1877 | |
Mar. 1878 | ||||||
37 | ![]() |
Nathaniel Head (1828–1883) [130][131] |
June 5, 1879[132] – June 2, 1881 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | Nov. 1878 | |
38 | ![]() |
Charles H. Bell (1823–1893) [133][134] |
June 2, 1881[135] – June 7, 1883 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1880 | |
39 | ![]() |
Samuel W. Hale (1823–1891) [136][137] |
June 7, 1883[138] – June 4, 1885 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1882 | |
40 | ![]() |
Moody Currier (1806–1898) [139][140] |
June 4, 1885[141] – June 2, 1887 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1884 | |
41 | ![]() |
Charles H. Sawyer (1840–1908) [142][143] |
June 2, 1887[144] – June 6, 1889 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1886 | |
42 | ![]() |
David H. Goodell[i] (1834–1915) [145][146] |
June 6, 1889[147] – January 8, 1891 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1888 | |
43 | ![]() |
Hiram A. Tuttle (1837–1911) [148][149] |
January 8, 1891[150] – January 5, 1893 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1890 | |
44 | ![]() |
John Butler Smith (1838–1914) [151][152] |
January 5, 1893[153] – January 3, 1895 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1892 | |
45 | ![]() |
Charles A. Busiel (1842–1901) [154][155] |
January 3, 1895[156] – January 7, 1897 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1894 | |
46 | ![]() |
George A. Ramsdell (1834–1900) [157][158] |
January 7, 1897[159] – January 5, 1899 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1896 | |
47 | ![]() |
Frank W. Rollins (1860–1915) [160][161] |
January 5, 1899[162] – January 3, 1901 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1898 | |
48 | ![]() |
Chester B. Jordan (1839–1914) [163][164] |
January 3, 1901[165] – January 8, 1903 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1900 | |
49 | ![]() |
Nahum J. Bachelder (1854–1934) [166][167] |
January 8, 1903[168] – January 5, 1905 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1902 | |
50 | ![]() |
John McLane (1852–1911) [169][170] |
January 5, 1905[171] – January 3, 1907 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1904 | |
51 | ![]() |
Charles M. Floyd (1861–1923) [172][173] |
January 3, 1907[174] – January 7, 1909 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1906 | |
52 | ![]() |
Henry B. Quinby (1846–1924) [175][176] |
January 7, 1909[177] – January 5, 1911 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1908 | |
53 | ![]() |
Robert P. Bass (1873–1960) [178][179] |
January 5, 1911[180] – January 2, 1913 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1910 | |
54 | ![]() |
Samuel D. Felker (1859–1932) [181][182] |
January 2, 1913[183] – January 7, 1915 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1912 | |
55 | ![]() |
Rolland H. Spaulding (1873–1942) [184][185] |
January 7, 1915[186] – January 4, 1917 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1914 | |
56 | ![]() |
Henry W. Keyes (1863–1938) [187][188] |
January 4, 1917[189] – January 2, 1919 (did not run)[j] |
Republican[45] | 1916 | |
57 | ![]() |
John H. Bartlett (1869–1952) [190][191] |
January 2, 1919[192] – January 6, 1921 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1918 | |
58 | ![]() |
Albert O. Brown (1852–1937) [193][194] |
January 6, 1921[195] – January 4, 1923 (did not run)[193] |
Republican[45] | 1920 | |
59 | ![]() |
Fred H. Brown (1879–1955) [196][197] |
January 4, 1923[198] – January 8, 1925 (lost election) |
Democratic[45] | 1922 | |
60 | ![]() |
John Gilbert Winant (1889–1947) [199][200] |
January 8, 1925[201] – January 6, 1927 (lost nomination)[202] |
Republican[45] | 1924 | |
61 | ![]() |
Huntley N. Spaulding (1869–1955) [202][203] |
January 6, 1927[204] – January 3, 1929 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1926 | |
62 | ![]() |
Charles W. Tobey (1880–1953) [205][206] |
January 3, 1929[207] – January 8, 1931 (did not run)[205] |
Republican[45] | 1928 | |
60 | ![]() |
John Gilbert Winant (1889–1947) [199][200] |
January 8, 1931[208] – January 3, 1935 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1930 | |
1932 | ||||||
63 | ![]() |
Styles Bridges (1898–1961) [209][210] |
January 3, 1935[211] – January 7, 1937 (did not run)[k] |
Republican[45] | 1934 | |
64 | ![]() |
Francis P. Murphy (1877–1958) [212][213] |
January 7, 1937[214] – January 2, 1941 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1936 | |
1938 | ||||||
65 | ![]() |
Robert O. Blood (1887–1975) [215][216] |
January 2, 1941[217] – January 4, 1945 (lost nomination)[215] |
Republican[45] | 1940 | |
1942 | ||||||
66 | ![]() |
Charles M. Dale (1893–1978) [218][219] |
January 4, 1945[220] – January 6, 1949 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1944 | |
1946 | ||||||
67 | ![]() |
Sherman Adams (1899–1986) [221][222] |
January 6, 1949[223] – January 8, 1953 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1948 | |
1950 | ||||||
68 | ![]() |
Hugh Gregg (1917–2003) [224][225] |
January 8, 1953[226] – January 6, 1955 (did not run)[224] |
Republican[45] | 1952 | |
69 | ![]() |
Lane Dwinell (1906–1997) [227][228] |
January 6, 1955[229] – January 8, 1959 (did not run) |
Republican[45] | 1954 | |
1956 | ||||||
70 | ![]() |
Wesley Powell (1915–1981) [230][231] |
January 8, 1959[232] – January 5, 1963 (lost nomination)[l] |
Republican[45] | 1958 | |
1960 | ||||||
71 | ![]() |
John W. King (1916–1996) [233][234] |
January 5, 1963[235] – January 2, 1969 (did not run) |
Democratic[45] | 1962 | |
1964 | ||||||
1966 | ||||||
72 | ![]() |
Walter R. Peterson Jr. (1922–2011) [236][237] |
January 2, 1969[238] – January 4, 1973 (lost nomination)[239] |
Republican[45] | 1968 | |
1970 | ||||||
73 | ![]() |
Meldrim Thomson Jr. (1912–2001) [239][240] |
January 4, 1973[241] – January 4, 1979 (lost election) |
Republican[45] | 1972 | |
1974 | ||||||
1976 | ||||||
74 | ![]() |
Hugh Gallen (1924–1982) [242] |
January 4, 1979[243] – December 29, 1982 (died in office)[m] |
Democratic[242] | 1978 | |
1980 | ||||||
— | ![]() |
Vesta M. Roy (1925–2002) [244] |
December 29, 1982[245] – January 6, 1983 (successor took office) |
Republican[244] | President of the Senate acting | |
75 | ![]() |
John H. Sununu (b. 1939) [246] |
January 6, 1983[247] – January 5, 1989 (did not run) |
Republican[246] | 1982 | |
1984 | ||||||
1986 | ||||||
76 | ![]() |
Judd Gregg (b. 1947) [248] |
January 5, 1989[249] – January 2, 1993 (resigned)[n] |
Republican[248] | 1988 | |
1990 | ||||||
— | ![]() |
Ralph D. Hough (b. 1943) |
January 2, 1993[250] – January 7, 1993 (successor took office) |
Republican[250] | President of the Senate acting | |
77 | ![]() |
Steve Merrill (1946–2020) [251] |
January 7, 1993[252] – January 9, 1997 (did not run) |
Republican[251] | 1992 | |
1994 | ||||||
78 | ![]() |
Jeanne Shaheen (b. 1947) [253] |
January 9, 1997[254] – January 9, 2003 (did not run) |
Democratic[253] | 1996 | |
1998 | ||||||
2000 | ||||||
79 | Craig Benson (b. 1954) [255] |
January 9, 2003[256] – January 6, 2005 (lost election) |
Republican[255] | 2002 | ||
80 | ![]() |
John Lynch (b. 1952) [257] |
January 6, 2005[258] – January 3, 2013 (did not run) |
Democratic[257] | 2004 | |
2006 | ||||||
2008 | ||||||
2010 | ||||||
81 | ![]() |
Maggie Hassan (b. 1958) [259] |
January 3, 2013[260] – January 2, 2017 (resigned)[o] |
Democratic[259] | 2012 | |
2014 | ||||||
— | ![]() |
Chuck Morse (b. 1960) [262] |
January 3, 2017[261] – January 5, 2017 (successor took office) |
Republican[262] | President of the Senate acting | |
82 | ![]() |
Chris Sununu (b. 1974) [263] |
January 5, 2017[264] – Incumbent[p] |
Republican[263] | 2016 | |
2018 | ||||||
2020 | ||||||
2022 |
See also
[edit]- Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States#New Hampshire
- List of New Hampshire General Courts
Notes
[edit]- ^ The office was named president until 1792.
- ^ Langdon resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[8][15]
- ^ Sullivan had been appointed to the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire on September 26, 1789.[17] Some sources say he resigned as governor near the end of his term due to objections to him being both in the executive and judiciary;[11] but the State Papers indicate he remained in office until the expiration of his term.[18]
- ^ Bell was instead elected to the United States Senate.[35]
- ^ Woodbury was a Democratic-Republican, but was not nominated by the party, so he ran independently.[38]
- ^ Sobel labels Morrill a Democratic-Republican,[41] while other main sources label him an Adams Republican.[44][7][45]
- ^ Dubin,[49] Kallenbach,[45] and Sobel[46] label Pierce a Jackson Democrat, while Glashan labels him a Democratic-Republican.[7]
- ^ Harvey resigned, having been confirmed to the United States District Court for New Hampshire.[54]
- ^ Goodell was seriously ill in 1890, and President of the Senate David A. Taggart acted as governor from April 22 to July 1.[145]
- ^ Keyes was instead elected to the United States Senate.[187]
- ^ Bridges was instead elected to the United States Senate.[209]
- ^ Powell lost the Republican nomination to John P. Pillsbury.[230]
- ^ Gallen had lost the 1982 election before he died.
- ^ Gregg resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[250]
- ^ Hassan resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[261]
- ^ Sununu's fourth term began on January 5, 2023, and will expire January 2025; he is not running for re-election.[265]
References
[edit]- General
- "Former New Hampshire Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
- Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. III. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
- Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
- Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
- Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
- Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
- "State Constitution". State of New Hampshire. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
- "Our Campaigns - Governor of New Hampshire - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
- Specific
- ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of New Hampshire; June 21, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 5, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
- ^ NH Const. art. 41
- ^ NH Const. art. 42
- ^ NH Const. art. 49
- ^ "Meshech Weare". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
- ^ New Hampshire Provincial and State Papers. Vol. XX. Concord, NH: State of New Hampshire, 1867. 52. Accessed April 7, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Glashan 1979, p. 200.
- ^ a b c d e Sobel 1978, pp. 942–943.
- ^ a b c d "John Langdon". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
- ^ New Hampshire Provincial and State Papers. Vol. XX. Concord, NH: State of New Hampshire, 1867. 307. Accessed April 7, 2023.
- ^ a b c Sobel 1978, p. 939.
- ^ a b "John Sullivan". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
- ^ New Hampshire Provincial and State Papers. Vol. XX. Concord, NH: State of New Hampshire, 1867. 580. Accessed April 7, 2023.
- ^ New Hampshire Provincial and State Papers. Vol. XXI. Concord, NH: State of New Hampshire, 1867. 264. Accessed April 7, 2023.
- ^ a b New Hampshire Provincial and State Papers. Vol. XXI. Concord, NH: State of New Hampshire, 1867. 251. Accessed April 7, 2023.
- ^ New Hampshire Provincial and State Papers. Vol. XXI. Concord, NH: State of New Hampshire, 1867. 556. Accessed April 7, 2023.
- ^ John Sullivan at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ New Hampshire Provincial and State Papers. Vol. XXI. Concord, NH: State of New Hampshire, 1867. 548. Accessed April 7, 2023. "From this date till the expiration of his term as Chief Executive of the State, in June, 1790, General Sullivan was the incumbent of both offices."
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 940.
- ^ "Josiah Bartlett". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
- ^ New Hampshire Provincial and State Papers. Vol. XXII. Concord, NH: State of New Hampshire, 1867. 11. Accessed April 7, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 941–942.
- ^ a b "John Taylor Gilman". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
- ^ New Hampshire Provincial and State Papers. Vol. XXII. Concord, NH: State of New Hampshire, 1867. 832. Accessed April 7, 2023.
- ^ New Hampshire General Court. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1805 sess., 9, accessed April 7, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 943–944.
- ^ "Jeremiah Smith". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
- ^ New Hampshire General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1809 sess., 19, accessed April 7, 2023.
- ^ New Hampshire General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1810 sess., 11, accessed April 7, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 944–945.
- ^ a b "William Plumer". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
- ^ New Hampshire General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1812 sess., 18, accessed April 8, 2023.
- ^ New Hampshire General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1813 sess., 24, accessed April 8, 2023.
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