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Summary
DescriptionFontenay Abbey - urn (35712327791).jpg |
A morning visit to <a href="http://www.abbayedefontenay.com/en/" rel="nofollow">Fontenay Abbey</a> in Burgundy. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. We had a guided tour around the abbey (which lasted about an hour), then had about half an hour of free time around the abbey before we left for Semur-en-Auxois. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_of_Fontenay" rel="nofollow">Fontenay Abbey</a> The Abbey of Fontenay is a former Cistercian abbey located in the commune of Marmagne, near Montbard, in the département of Côte-d'Or in France. It was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1118, and built in the Romanesque style. It is one of the oldest and most complete Cistercian abbeys in Europe, and became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Of the original complex comprising church, dormitory, cloister, chapter house, caldarium, refectory, dovecote and forge, all remain intact except the refectory and are well maintained. The Abbey of Fontenay, along with other Cistercian abbeys, forms a connecting link between Romanesque and Gothic architectures. Foundation of the order In the late 11th century during the heyday of the great church of Cluny III (a magnificent Benedictine monastery in Cluny, France), although Cluny had numerous followers, Saint Robert of Molesme, the subsequent founder of Cîteaux Abbey, led a strong reaction against it. Saint Robert thought that Cluny was against the actual Rule of Saint Benedict: “to work is to pray”. As a result, Saint Robert, along with a group of monks who shared this belief, detached from Cluny. Saint Robert established the Order of Cistercians in Citeaux, France. The new order strictly observed the Rule of Saint Benedict. As part of this rule, monks had to be poor and live a simple life. In order not to be distracted from the religious life, Cistercians built self-sufficient monasteries in isolated areas and refused to use servants. Cistercian monasteries were independent. They differed from Cluny in that all houses were under the direct control of the abbot, and each Cistercian monastery needed to take care of its own. Each of them was most likely an independent individual society. Bernard of Clairvaux, an abbot and the primary builder of the reformed Cistercian order, shared the same faith with Saint Robert of Molesme. However, Bernard felt that Cîteaux Abbey was not austere enough and did not completely reflect the Rule of Saint Benedict. Thus, in 1118 he founded the Abbey of Fontenay in a Burgundy valley with strictly implemented austerity. History of the abbey The Cistercian monks moved to Fontenay Abbey in 1130. Nine years later, the Bishop of Norwich fled to Fontenay to escape persecution, and helped finance the construction of the church with his wealth. The church was consecrated in 1147 by Pope Eugene III. By 1200 the monastic complex was complete and able to serve as many as 300 monks. In 1259, the devout King Louis exempted the Abbey of Fontenay from all taxes, and being in the King’s good graces, ten years later the abbey became a royal abbey. In 1359, the Abbey of Fontenay was pillaged by the armies of King Edward III of England during the Hundred Years' War. It suffered further damage during the Wars of Religion in late 16th century. In 1745, the refectory was destroyed. With the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789 all of the monks successively left the abbey due to dechristianisation during the revolution and in 1791, the site was turned into a paper mill, run by the Montgolfier brothers. In 1906 Edouard Aynard, an art-loving banker from Lyon, bought the abbey and commenced its restoration which was complete by 1911. Edouard's descendents continued to work on the abbey and it remains in the Aynard family to this day. In 1981 the abbey became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Urn seen near a wall. Abbaye de Fontenay, Bourgogne, France |
Date | |
Source | Fontenay Abbey - urn |
Author | Elliott Brown from Birmingham, United Kingdom |
Camera location | 47° 38′ 28.7″ N, 4° 23′ 18.41″ E ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by ell brown at https://flickr.com/photos/39415781@N06/35712327791 (archive). It was reviewed on 13 November 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
13 November 2018
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source of file
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inception
7 June 2017
coordinates of the point of view
47°38'28.702"N, 4°23'18.409"E
captured with
Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ72
exposure time
0.01666666666666666666 second
f-number
4.8
focal length
17.43 millimetre
ISO speed
100
media type
image/jpeg
instance of
photograph
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 13:26, 13 November 2018 | ![]() | 4,608 × 3,456 (6.36 MB) | Laboratoire LAMOP | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Panasonic |
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Camera model | DMC-FZ72 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/4.8 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:16, 7 June 2017 |
Lens focal length | 17.43 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Ver.1.0 |
File change date and time | 11:16, 7 June 2017 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:16, 7 June 2017 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 4 |
Exposure bias | −0.33 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.5234375 APEX (f/4.8) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 97 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |