# Personalized Medicine
## Introduction
Personalized medicine, also referred to as precision medicine, is a medical model that separates people into different groups—with medical decisions, practices, interventions and/or products being tailored to the individual patient based on their predicted response or risk of disease [^1^][1].
## Background
The concept of personalized medicine materialized in the 1990s, following advances in DNA sequencing technology, including automation and increased throughput [^2^][2]. Developments in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics greatly aided progress in understanding the molecular factors underlying the influence of individual genetic constitution on disease and therapeutics [^2^][2].
## Main Content
### Development of Concept
In personalized medicine, diagnostic testing is often employed for selecting appropriate and optimal therapies based on the patient's genetics or other molecular or cellular characteristics [^1^][1]. The use of genetic information has played a major role in certain aspects of personalized medicine (e.g., pharmacogenomics) [^1^][1].
### Difference between Precision Medicine and Personalized Medicine
Precision medicine is a medical model that proposes the customization of healthcare, with medical decisions, treatments, practices, or products being tailored to a subgroup of patients, instead of a one‐drug‐fits‐all model [^1^][1].
### Future of Personalized Medicine
The International Consortium for Personalised Medicine (ICPerMed) presents its vision of how personalized medicine will transform healthcare by 2030, focusing on five perspectives and four pillars [^3^][3].
##See Also
- Genomics
- Pharmacogenomics
- Precision Medicine Initiative
References[edit]
## References
[^1^][1]: [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalized_medicine)
[^2^][2]: [Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/science/personalized-medicine)
[^3^][3]: [Biomedcentral](https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-020-02316-w)
## External Links
- [International Consortium for Personalized Medicine (ICPerMed)] (https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-020-02316-w)