| Adad-Nirari | |
|---|---|
| Reign | 14th century BC |
| Consort | Pizallum |
Adad-Nirari or H̱addu-Nirari,[1] was a king of Qatna in the 14th century BC.
Reign[edit]
Adad-Nirari is an Akkadian name.[2] The king reigned for 45 years in the 14th century BC,[3][4] and was mentioned in the inventories of Ninegal, found in Qatna.[5] A tablet from Qatna records him stationing an army of chariot archers in the city of Tukad, in Mount Lebanon.[4][6] The name of his queen was Pizallum.[7]
Identity[edit]
Michael Astour suggested identifying Adad-Nirari with Adad-Nirari of Nuhašše; a hypothesis supported by Thomas Richter,[8] who believes that Adad-Nirari ruled Qatna through a šakkanakku (military governor) called Lullu, citing that the latter's name appears in the Qatanite inventories at the time of Adad-Nirari.[9] According to Richter, Adad-Nirari of Nuhašše ruled the second Syrian power after Mitanni,[10] and was removed by the Hittites which gave Qatna its independence back .[11]
This theory is debated; the Shattiwaza treaty between Mitanni and the Hittites mentioned Qatna independently from Nuhašše during the Hittite king Šuppiluliuma I's first Syrian war; If Qatna was part of the Nuhaššite kingdom, its submission to the Hittites would not have been mentioned separately.[12] Jacques Freu rejected Richter's hypothesis; citing different arguments, he concluded that Adad-Nirari of Nuhašše was a contemporary of Idadnda of Qatna who ruled during the first Syrian war, a successor of the Qatanite Adad-Nirari.[13]
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^ Novák 2004, p. 312.
- ^ Van Soldt 2004, p. 19.
- ^ Freu 2009, p. 19.
- ^ a b Pfälzner 2007, p. 34.
- ^ Gromova 2012, p. 2.
- ^ Richter 2008, p. 195.
- ^ Roßberger 2014, p. 204.
- ^ Gromova 2007, p. 300.
- ^ Richter 2005, p. 124.
- ^ Richter 2008, p. 196.
- ^ Gromova 2007, p. 301.
- ^ Gromova 2007, p. 302.
- ^ Freu 2009, p. 21.
Sources[edit]
- Freu, Jacques (2009). Al-Maqdissi, Michel (ed.). "Qatna et les Hittites". Studia Orontica (in French). 6. la Direction Générale des Antiquités et des Musées de Syrie. OCLC 717465740.
- Gromova, Daria (2007). "Hittite Role In Political History of Syria In the Amarna Age Reconsidered". Ugarit-Forschungen. 39. Ugarit-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-86835-001-2.
- Gromova, Daria (2012). Kogan, Leonid (ed.). "Idanda Archive and the Syrian Campaigns of SuppiluliumaI: New Pieces for the Puzzle". Babel und Bibel. 6. Eisenbrauns. doi:10.5325/j.ctv1bxh5gx.19. ISBN 978-1-575-06228-0.
- Novák, Mirko (2004). "The Chronology of the Royal Palace of Qatna". Ägypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant. 14. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. ISSN 1015-5104.
- Pfälzner, Peter (2007). "Archaeological Investigations in the Royal Palace of Qatna". In Morandi Bonacossi, Daniele (ed.). Urban and Natural Landscapes of an Ancient Syrian Capital. Settlement and Environment at Tell Mishrifeh/Qatna and in Central-Western Syria (Proceedings of the International Conference held in Udine9-11 December 2004). Studi archeologici su Qatna. Vol. 1. Forum Editrice Universitaria Udinese. ISBN 978-88-8420-418-9.
- Richter, Thomas (2005). "Qatna in the Late Bronze Age: Preliminary Remarks". In Owen, David I.; Wilhelm, Gernot (eds.). General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 11/1. Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians. Vol. 15. CDL Press. ISBN 978-1-883-05389-5. ISSN 1080-9686.
- Richter, Thomas (2008). "Šuppiluliumas I. in Syrien. Der 'Einjährige Feldzug' und Seine Folgen". In Wilhelm, Gernot (ed.). Ḫattuša-Boğazköy. Das Hethiterreich im Spannungsfeld des Alten Orients. Colloquien der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. Vol. 6. Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05855-1.
- Roßberger, Elisa (2014). Pfälzner, Peter (ed.). "Things to Remember – Jewellery, Collective Identity and Memory at the Royal Tomb of Qaṭna". Qaṭna Studien Supplementa: Übergreifende und vergleichende Forschungsaktivitäten des Qaṭna-Projekts der Universität Tübingen. 3: Contextualising Grave Inventories in the Ancient Near East. Proceedings of a Workshop at the London 7th ICAANE in April 2010 and an International Symposium in Tübingen in November 2010, both Organised by the Tübingen Post-Graduate School „Symbols of the Dead“. Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-10237-7. ISSN 2195-4305.
- Van Soldt, Wilfred H. (2004). "De mazzel" en Andere Zaken: de Verspreiding van de Mesopotamische Cultuur na 1500 v.Chr (Inaugural lecture: 20 Jan. 2004) (in Dutch). Universiteit Leiden. OCLC 66587912.