Overview of the events of 1963 in science
The year 1963 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy, astrophysics and space exploration[ edit ]
January 1 – Long-period comet C/1963 A1 (Ikeya) is discovered by a Japanese amateur.
January 4 – Soviet Luna reaches Earth orbit but fails to reach the Moon.
May 15 – Mercury program : NASA launches the last mission of the program Mercury 9 . (On June 12 NASA Administrator James E. Webb tells Congress the program is complete.)
July 26 – Roy Kerr submits for publication his discovery of the Kerr metric , an exact solution to the Einstein field equation of general relativity , predicting a rotating black hole .[ 1]
October 18 – Aboard the French Véronique AGI 47 sounding rocket , a bicolor cat designated C 341, later known as Félicette , becomes the first cat in space.
November 1 – The Arecibo Observatory , with the world's largest single-dish radio telescope , officially opens in Arecibo, Puerto Rico .
First definite identification of a radio source, 3C 48 , with an optical object, later identified as a quasar , is published by Allan Sandage and Thomas A. Matthews ;[ 2] also Maarten Schmidt publishes significant observations on 3C 273 .[ 3]
History of science and technology [ edit ]
January 28 – Jean Piccard (born 1884 ), Swiss -born American chemist and explorer.
February 5 – Barnum Brown (born 1873 ), American paleontologist .
April 6 – Otto Struve (born 1897 ), Russian astronomer .
May 11 – Herbert Spencer Gasser (born 1888 ), American physiologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
May 19 – Walter Russell (born 1871 ), American polymath .
June 16 – Eleanor Williams (born 1884), Australian bacteriologist and serologist .
August 30 – Marietta Pallis (born 1882 ), British ecologist .
October 13 – Alan A. Griffith (born 1893 ), English stress engineer.
October 2 – Olga Lepeshinskaya (born 1871 ), Soviet Lysenkoist biologist .
October 25 – Karl von Terzaghi (born 1883 ), Austrian "father of soil mechanics ".
November 13 – Margaret Murray (born 1863 ), Indian-English anthropologist and author.[ 24]
^ Kerr, R. P. (1963). "Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics". Physical Review Letters . 11 (5): 237–238. Bibcode :1963PhRvL..11..237K . doi :10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237 .
^ Matthews, Thomas A. ; Sandage, Allan R. (1963). "Optical Identification of 3c 48, 3c 196, and 3c 286 with Stellar Objects" . The Astrophysical Journal . 138 : 30–56. Bibcode :1963ApJ...138...30M . doi :10.1086/147615 . Archived from the original on 2017-09-26. Retrieved 2019-08-07 .
^ Schmidt, Maarten (1963). "3C 273: a star-like object with large red-shift" . Nature . 197 (4872): 1040. Bibcode :1963Natur.197.1040S . doi :10.1038/1971040a0 .
^ Pauling, L.; Zuckerkandl, E. (1963). "Chemical paleogenetics: molecular restoration studies of extinct forms of life" . Acta Chemica Scandinavica . 17 : 89. doi :10.3891/acta.chem.scand.17s-0009 .
^ Tinbergen, Niko (1963). "On Aims and Methods in Ethology" (PDF) . Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie . 20 (4): 410–433. doi :10.1111/j.1439-0310.1963.tb01161.x . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2011-03-17 .
^ Snyder, John P. (1993). Flattening the Earth: Two Thousand Years of Map Projections . University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-76747-5 .
^ The Hutchinson Factfinder . Helicon. 1999. ISBN 978-1-85986-000-7 .
^ Vine, F. J.; Matthews, D. H. (1963). "Magnetic Anomalies Over Oceanic Ridges". Nature . 199 (4897): 947–949. Bibcode :1963Natur.199..947V . doi :10.1038/199947a0 . S2CID 4296143 .
^ Feit, Walter; Thompson, John G. (1963). "Solvability of groups of odd order" . Pacific Journal of Mathematics . 13 (3): 775–1029. doi :10.2140/pjm.1963.13.775 . MR 0166261 .
^ Lorenz, Edward N. (March 1963). "Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow" . Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences . 20 (2): 130–141. Bibcode :1963JAtS...20..130L . doi :10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0130:DNF>2.0.CO;2 .
^ Atiyah, Michael F.; Singer, Isadore M. (1963). "The Index of Elliptic Operators on Compact Manifolds" . Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society . 69 (3): 422–433. doi :10.1090/S0002-9904-1963-10957-X .
^ a b c Machado, Calixto (2005). "The first organ transplant from a brain-dead donor". Neurology . 64 (11): 1938–42. doi :10.1212/01.wnl.0000163515.09793.cb . PMID 15955947 . S2CID 219219246 .
^ Webb, Nicholas. "HSL Research Guides: Ernst Ludwig Wynder Autograph Collection: John Enders, Ph.D." guides.library.nymc.edu . New York Medical College Health Sciences Library. Retrieved 2021-02-13 . In 1963, Pfizer introduced a deactivated measles vaccine, and Merck & Co introduced an attenuated measles vaccine.
^ Christy, Nicholas P. (1993). "Grant W. Liddle" . Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association . 104 : xliii–xlv. PMC 2376630 . PMID 1343432 .
^ Lejeune, J.; et al. (1963). "3 Cases of partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences (in French). 257 : 3098–102. PMID 14095841 .
^ Reig, O. A. (1963). "La presencia de dinosaurios saurisquios en los "Estratos de Ischigualasto" (Mesotriásico Superior) de las provincias de San Juan y La Rioja (República Argentina)". Ameghiniana (in Spanish). 3 (1): 3–20.
^ American Journal of Physics 31 : 342-355.
^ Milgram, S (October 1963). "Behavioral Study of Obedience" . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology . 67 (4): 371–378. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.599.92 . doi :10.1037/h0040525 . PMID 14049516 .
^ "Edward Craven Walker | British inventor" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 11 March 2019 .
^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9 .
^ Howe, David J.; Stammers, Mark; Walker, Stephen James (1994). The Handbook: The First Doctor — The William Hartnell Years 1963–1966 . London: Virgin Books . p. 54. ISBN 978-0-426-20430-5 .
^ "An Unearthly Child" . Doctor Who: The Classic Series . BBC. 1995–2003. Retrieved 2012-06-08 .
^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014" . NobelPrize.org . Retrieved 11 March 2019 .
^ Sheppard, Kathleen L. (2013). The Life of Margaret Alice Murray: A Woman's Work in Archaeology . Lanham: Lexington. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-73917-417-3 .