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Years in film |
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19th century |
1870s |
The year 1910 in film involved some significant events.
Events
[edit]- March 12 – American actress Florence Lawrence becomes "the first true movie star" after movie mogul Carl Laemmle of Independent Moving Pictures (I.M.P.) names her in advertisements announcing that he has signed the leading lady who has hitherto only been billed as "The Biograph Girl" by Biograph Studios. Until now, studios had a policy of not releasing the names of their players, and prohibiting distributors from revealing the information. Lawrence's first I.M.P. release is The Broken Oath.[1]
- March 18 – The first cinematic version of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) is released in the United States by Edison Studios. One of the first horror films, it features (unbilled) actor Charles Ogle as the monster.
- May 6 – Newsreel footage of the funeral of Edward VII in London is shot in Kinemacolor, making it the first color newsreel.
- July – The Johnson-Jeffries Fight footage causes race riots and is banned in the South of the US.
- August 2 – A Danish melodrama, The White Slave Trade (Den Hvide Slavehandel), marks the first time film is used to study prostitution.
- August – Kalem Studios director Sidney Olcott becomes the first American to make a motion picture outside of the United States, The Lad from Old Ireland (released November 23).
- Pathé News is formed in London, producing newsreels and documentaries in the UK until 1970.
- Marcus Loew partners with Adolph Zukor, Joseph Schenck and Nicholas Schenck renaming his theatre chain Loew's Consolidated Enterprises.
Films released in 1910
[edit]- Abraham Lincoln's Clemency
- The Abyss (Afgrunden), starring Asta Nielsen[2]
- Aeroplane Flight And Wreck
- Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
- Der Alpenjager
- Am Abend, one of the earliest works of hardcore pornography
- The American Suicide Club (French-U.S. co-production/ Lux)[3]
- Another's Ghost (French/ Pathe) starring Mevisto, Henri Etievant, Henry Krauss[4]
- As It Is In Life, directed by D. W. Griffith, starring Mary Pickford
- Back to Life After 2,000 Years (aka The Roman's Awakening) (French/ Pathe)[5]
- Bebe (series)
- The Beechwood Ghost (Powers Films, which years later merged with Universal Pictures) [6]
- The Bewitched Messenger (British/ Bat-Brockliss)[7]
- The Blue Bird
- Bride of the Haunted Castle (French film/ Artistic-Pathe) theatrically released in England and U.S.[8]
- The Buddha's Curse (French/ Lux)[9]
- Cagliostro (French film) directed by Camille de Morlhon and Gaston Velle, starring Helene du Montel, Jean Jacquinet, Stacia Napierkowska [10][11]
- The Castle Ghost (French/ Pathe)[12]
- The Cat That was Changed into a Woman (French/Pathe) directed by Michel Carre; this was the 2nd French film that adapted from the Aesop fable "Venus and the Cat" (see also 1909)[13]
- Chibusa no enoki (Japanese) starred Matsunosuke Onoe [14]
- The Children of Edward the Fourth (French/ Pathe-Film d'Art) directed by Henri Andreani, starring Rene Alexandre, Albert Bras, Jeanne Delvair [15]
- A Christmas Carol (Edison)
- Countess Ankarstrom (German film/ Deutsche Bioscope) directed by Gebhard Schatzler-Perasini, starring Paul Bildt[16][17]
- The Curse of the Wandering Minstrel (aka The Singer's Curse) German/ Messter, based on a ballad written by Ludwig Uhland [18]
- A Day in the Life of a Coal Miner, produced by Charles Urban
- Death (Danish/Regia Kunstfilms) directed by Holger Holm, starring Emilie Sannom and Robert Schmidt[19]
- The Defeat of Satan (French/ Pathe) directed by Georges Denola, starring Madeleine Celiat, Georges Laumonier and Jacques Vandenne [20]
- The Demon of Dunkirque (Italian/British co-production) early example of international financing[21]
- The Detachable Man (Pathe)[22]
- The Devil's Mother-in-Law (French/ Pathe)[23]
- Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Denmark/ Nordisk) written and directed by August Blom, starring Alwin Neuss as Jekyll/Hyde, Viggo Larsen and Oda Alstrup; film is lost today[24]
- Dr. Mesner's Fatal Prescription (British/ Warwick Productions)
- The Dream of Old Scrooge (based on the Charles Dickens novel "A Christmas Carol")[25]
- The Duality of Man (British/ Wrench Films) adapted The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson; some sources credit Harry Brodribb Irving with directing this lost film[26]
- The Electric Vitalizer (British/ Kineto)[27]
- The Enchanted Wreath (British/ Warwick) [28]
- The Fairy Bookseller (Pathe)[29]
- The Family Doctor
- Faust (Italy/ Cines) directed by Enrico Guazzoni, starring Fernanda Negri-Pouget, Ugo Bazzini, Alfredo Bracci; only existing print is missing a scene[30]
- Faust (French) produced by Eclair Films
- Faust (French/ Pathe) directed by Henri Andreani for Pathe Films[31]
- The Fiendish Tenant (Gaumont)[32]
- The Forbidden Fruit (French/ Pathe) written & directed by Gaston Velle [33]
- Frankenstein, directed by J. Searle Dawley for Edison, starred Charles Ogle, Augustus Phillips and Mary Fuller[34]
- The Freak of Ferndale Forest (British/ Warwick Productions)
- The Fugitive, directed by D. W. Griffith
- Funeral Of Edward VII
- The Ghost in the Oven, produced by William Selig
- The Ghost of Mudtown (French/ Pathe)[35]
- The Golden Beetle (French/British co-production/ Continental-Warwick) directed by (and starring) Henri Desfontaines, based on The Gold Bug, a story by Edgar Allan Poe[36]
- The Golden Supper (Biograph) features a premature burial[37]
- Haunted by Conscience (Kalem Films)[38]
- Hop-Frog, aka The Jester (French/British co-production/ Continental-Warwick) directed by Henri Desfontaines, starring Colanna Romano, based on the 1849 short story by Edgar Allan Poe (a lost film today)
- The House of the Seven Gables, directed by J. Searle Dawley for Edison, starring Mary Fuller as Hepzibah Pyncheon, based on the 1851 Nathaniel Hawthorne novel[39]
- The House with Closed Shutters, directed by D. W. Griffith
- Hugo, the Hunchback, directed by William Selig, based on the Victor Hugo novel Notre Dame de Paris
- Den Hvide Slavehandel (translation: The White Slave Trade), directed by August Blom
- Inferno (Italian/ Helios Films), based on the novel by Dante; it was followed by a sequel Purgatory in 1912.[40]
- In Old California, directed by D. W. Griffith. First Hollywood film in cinema.
- In the Border States, directed by D. W. Griffith
- Jane Eyre, (Thanhouser) written and directed by Theodore Marston for producer Edwin Thanhouser; starring Marie Eline, Gloria Gallop and Frank Hall Crane[41]
- Jane Eyre (The Mad Lady of Chester), directed by Mario Caserini (Italian/ Cines)[42]
- A Japanese Peach Boy, produced by Thomas Edison[43]
- The Jealous Professors (Lux Film)[44]
- The Johnson-Jeffries Fight
- The Key of Life, produced by Thomas Edison Co.
- King Philip the Fair and the Templars (French/ Eclair Film) directed by Victorin-Hyppolyte Jasset, starring Georges Saillard and Raoul d'Auchy; first film to deal with the topic of the Knights Templar[45]
- A Lad from Old Ireland, directed by Sidney Olcott
- The Legend of the Undines (French film/ Pathe) based on the 1814 opera by E. T. A. Hoffmann (an "undine" is a female water sprite)[46]
- Little Snow White (French/ Pathe)[47]
- The Lobster Nightmare (British)[48]
- The Love of a Hunchback (British/ Empire Film) based on Victor Hugo's novel Notre Dame de Paris
- Lucrezia Borgia (Italian film/ Cines) directed by Mario Caserini, starring Francesca Bertini and Maria Gasperini
- Lured by a Phantom, aka The King of Thule (French) directed by Etienne Arnaud and Louis Feuillade, based on a poem written by Goethe [49]
- Making Christmas Crackers
- The Man to Beat Jack Johnson
- Max Hypnotized (French/ Pathe) directed by Lucien Nonguet, starring Max Linder
- The Minotaur (aka Theseus and the Minotaur), written and directed by J. Stuart Blackton for Vitagraph [50]
- Museum Spooks, or Dreams in a Picture Gallery (British)[51]
- The Mystery of Temple Court (Vitagraph)[52]
- Necklace of the Dead (Denmark/ Nordisk) directed by August Blom, starring Ingeborg Middleboe Larsen, Thorkild Roose and Nicolai Neiiendam; said to be based on Edgar Allan Poe's short story The Oblong Box[53]
- New York of Today, produced by Edison Studios
- Oh, You Skeleton (Selig Polyscope)[54]
- The Phantom (French/ Pathe-Le Film Russe) aka Le Fantome
The Picture of Dorian Gray (1910 film) (Denmark/ Regia Kunstfilms) directed by Alex Strom, starring Valdemar Psilander, Adam Poulsen; 1st film adaptation of the Oscar Wilde novel[55]
- Queen of Spades, aka Pikovaya dama (Russian film) directed by Pyotr Chardynin, based on the novel by Alexander Pushkin
- Queen of Spades (German film/ Deutsche Bioscop) produced by Deutsche Bioscop, also based on the novel by Alexander Pushkin
- Ramona, directed by D. W. Griffith, starring Mary Pickford
- The Red Inn, aka L'Auberge Rouge (French/ Pathe) directed by Camille de Morlhon, written by Abel Gance, starring Jeanne Cheirel, Julien Clement, Jean Worms, and Abel Gance, based on the novel by Honore de Balzac[56]
- Robert, the Devil: or, Freed from Satan's Power (French/ Gaumont) directed by Etienne Arnaud, starring Leonce Perret and Maurice Vinot; based on a 1831 libretto written by Eugene Scribe and Casimir Delavigne[57]
- The Romance of the Mummy (French/ Pathe) based on the Theophile Gautier book[58]
- Rose O'Salem Town, directed by D. W. Griffith for American Mutoscope and Biograph, starring Dorothy West, Clara T. Bracy and Henry B. Walthall, set against the backdrop of the Salem Witch Trials[59]
- St. George and the Dragon (Edison Co.)[60]
- Satan's Rival (aka A Rival to Satan)(French) directed by Gerard Bourgeois
- Secret of the Hand (French/ Lux) dealt with the subject of the Chinese Tong[61]
- The Skeleton (Vitagraph)[62]
- Slippery Jim, directed by Ferdinand Zecca
- The Snake Man (French/ Lux)[63]
- Sorceress of the Strand (French/ Eclair) directed by Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset, starring Eugenie Nau, Emile Keppens, and Marie Barthe[64]
- The Spectre (French/ Pathe)[65]
- The Spirit of the Sword (French/ Pathe)[66]
- A Spiritualistic Seance (French/ Gaumont)[67]
- Teddy Roosevelt Returns From Africa
- Testing a Soldier's Courage (French/ Gaumont)[68]
- Thunderbolt
- A Trip to Davy Jones' Locker (French/ Pathe); a special effects film influenced by the work of George Melies[69][70]
- A Trip to Mars (Edison Co.)[71]
- Twelfth Night
- The Unchanging Sea, directed by D. W. Griffith
- Vengeance of the Dead (French/ Pathe); influenced by the Oscar Wilde novel The Portrait of Dorian Gray[72]
- Le Vitrail Diabolique, directed by Georges Melies
- Im Wannseebad
- Wanted – A Mummy (British/ Cricks & Martin) directed by A. E. Coleby
- Wedded Beneath the Waves (French/ Gaumont)[73]
- What the Daisy Said, starring Mary Pickford
- White Fawn's Devotion, directed by James Young Deer the first Native American Director
- Wilful Peggy, directed by D. W. Griffith, starring Mary Pickford
- The Witch of the Glen (British/ Warwick Productions)
- The Witch of the Ruins (French/ Pathe)[74]
- The Witches' Spell (British/ Urban Films) produced by Charles Urban[75]
- The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Births
[edit]Deaths
[edit]Day | Name | Profession | Year of birth |
---|---|---|---|
April 21 | Mark Twain | Humourist, writer, born Samuel L. Clemons. | 1835 |
November 20 | Leo Tolstoy | Russian novelist | 1828 |
Debuts
[edit]- Leah Baird – Jean and the Waif
- Carlyle Blackwell – Uncle Tom's Cabin (short)
- Eleanor Caines – The New Boss of Bar X Ranch (short)
- Grace Cunard – The Duke's Plan (short)
- Margarita Fischer – There, Little Girl, Don't Cry (short)
- Helen Gardner – How She Won Him (short)
- Hoot Gibson – Pride of the Range
- Alice Joyce – The Deacon's Daughter (short)
- J. Warren Kerrigan – A Voice from the Fireplace (short)
- Mae Marsh – Ramona (short)
- Asta Nielsen – The Woman Always Pays (short)
- Mabel Normand – Indiscretions of Betty
- Wallace Reid – The Phoenix (short)
- Marin Sais – Twelfth Night (short)
- Norma Talmadge – The Household Pest
- Pearl White – The Missing Bridegroom (short)
References
[edit]- ^ Robinson, David (1996). From Peep Show to Palace: The Birth of American Film. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 159–161.
- ^ Scott Lord :The Abyss (Urban Gad,Afgrunden, Denmark 1910) on YouTube
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 33.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 33.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 33.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 34.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 34.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 34.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 34.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 34.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 34.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 35.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 35.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 69.ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 35.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 36.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 36.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 36.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 36.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 36.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 36.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 37.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 38.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 22.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 38.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 38.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 39.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 39.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 39.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 39.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 39.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 39.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. ISBN 0-7864-0036-6. Page 40.
- ^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
External links
[edit] Media related to 1910 in film at Wikimedia Commons