1501 Broadway | |
---|---|
Paramount Building | |
![]() Seen from Broadway and 42nd Street | |
![]() | |
Etymology | Paramount Pictures |
General information | |
Type | Office |
Architectural style | Beaux-Arts Art deco |
Location | Times Square |
Address | 1501 Broadway |
Town or city | Manhattan, New York |
Country | United States |
Coordinates | 40°45′26″N 73°59′11″W / 40.75722°N 73.98639°W |
Current tenants | Multiple including Hard Rock Café |
Named for | Paramount Pictures |
Groundbreaking | 1926 |
Topped-out | August 2, 1926 |
Completed | 1927 |
Cost | $13.5 million |
Client | Paramount Pictures |
Owner | Paramount Leasehold |
Height | |
Architectural | 455 ft (139 m) |
Antenna spire | 431 ft (131 m) |
Roof | 391 ft (119 m) |
Top floor | 330 ft (100 m) |
Technical details | |
Material | Steel |
Floor count | 33 |
Floor area | 686,603 sq ft (63,787.5 m2) |
Lifts/elevators | 22 |
Grounds | 41,586 sq ft (3,863.5 m2) |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | C.W. and George L. Rapp |
Architecture firm | Rapp and Rapp |
Developer | Famous Players–Lasky |
Engineer | R. E. Hall & Co. |
Main contractor | Thompson-Starrett Company |
Official name | Paramount Building |
Designated | November 1, 1988 |
Reference no. | 1566 |
References | |
[1] |
1501 Broadway, also known as the Paramount Building, is a 33-story office building on Times Square between West 43rd and 44th Streets in the Theater District neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Designed by Rapp and Rapp, it was erected from 1925 to 1927 as the headquarters of Paramount Pictures. The building is designed in the Art Deco and Beaux-Arts styles. The office wing on Times Square contains numerous setbacks as mandated by the 1916 Zoning Resolution, while the rear wing housed the Paramount Theatre from 1926 to 1967. Newmark & Company owns 1501 Broadway.
The facade is mostly designed with brick walls, though the first five stories are ornamented with limestone piers. The main entrance is on 43rd Street. There is also a five-story arch on Broadway, facing Times Square, which leads to a Hard Rock Cafe; it is an imitation of the former Paramount Theatre entrance. Atop the building is a four-faced clock, with two large faces and two small faces, as well as an illuminated globe that could display the time. The ground floor historically had an ornate lobby leading to the theater, which had 3,664 seats over four levels. The modern building contains office space in both the original office wing and the theater wing.
Paramount predecessor Famous Players–Lasky proposed the theater in 1922, but Rapp and Rapp had revised the plans to include an office tower by 1924. The theater opened on November 19, 1926, though the offices did not open until the following year. The clock and globe on the roof were blacked out during World War II. A group led by David Rosenthal converted the theater to offices in 1967 and removed the theater's original arch. The Paramount Building's facade became a New York City designated landmark in 1988. The arch, clock, and globe were restored starting in the late 1990s, and the main entrance was relocated in another renovation in the 2010s.
Site
[edit]The Paramount Building is on 1501 Broadway, between 43rd and 44th Streets, at Times Square in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City.[2][3] While the building carries a Broadway address, it is actually on the west side of Seventh Avenue.[3] The section of Broadway and Seventh Avenue between 43rd and 45th Streets is officially listed on city maps as "Times Square",[4][a] but the adjoining section of Broadway was converted into a permanent pedestrian plaza in the 2010s.[5][6] The Paramount Building's rectangular land lot covers 41,586 square feet (3,863.5 m2),[3] with a frontage of 200 feet (61 m) on Broadway and 207 feet (63 m) on 43rd and 44th Streets.[3][7][8]
The surrounding area is part of Manhattan's Theater District and contains many Broadway theatres.[2] 1501 Broadway shares the block with 229 West 43rd Street, the Hayes Theater, and the St. James Theatre to the west. Other nearby buildings include the Majestic Theatre, the Broadhurst Theatre, and the Shubert Theatre to the northwest; One Astor Plaza to the north; 1530 Broadway to the northeast; 1500 Broadway to the east; 4 Times Square and One Times Square to the southeast; 3 Times Square to the south; the American Airlines Theatre, Lyric Theatre, and New Victory Theater to the southwest.[3]
Prior to the development of the Paramount Building, the eastern portion of the site had been occupied by the Putnam Building, a six-story commercial structure.[9][10][11] It was named after American Revolutionary War general Israel Putnam, who had passed through the site in 1776 during the war.[9][10] The Putnam Building had long been occupied by theatrical agencies[12] and, before its demolition in 1925, had a large electric sign measuring 200 by 50 feet (61 by 15 m) on its facade.[13][14] The western part of the site was occupied by a group of brownstones, operated by the Astor family as a set of apartments called Westover Court.[10][11] The Astor family had owned the land since 1803. Until about 1850, the vicinity had also been known as the "Eden Farm" a title that came from a previous landowner.[15]
Architecture
[edit]1501 Broadway was designed by brothers Cornelius Ward Rapp and George Leslie Rapp, of the firm Rapp and Rapp, in the Beaux-Arts and Art Deco styles.[2][16][17] It was constructed from 1925 to 1927 as the headquarters of Paramount Pictures, one of the major American motion picture companies in the 1920s.[2][16] R. E. Hall & Co. were the construction engineers, and Thompson–Starrett Co. was the general contractor;[17][18] numerous other engineers, contractors, and suppliers were involved in the building's construction.[17] 1501 Broadway contains 33 stories,[19] although early reports cite the structure as containing 35 stories.[8] It measures 372 feet (113 m) tall to its roof and 455 feet (139 m) to its pinnacle.[1][19] At the time of its completion, the Paramount Building was the tallest building in Times Square,[20] as well as Broadway's tallest building north of the Woolworth Building.[16]
Form
[edit]1501 Broadway was designed in two parts: the 33-story office section in the front, along Broadway, and a shorter wing in the rear, which formerly housed the Paramount Theatre.[7][8] This was typical of New York City theater buildings, where the theater was relegated to cheaper lots on side streets, while the office space took up the more valuable frontage on the main avenues.[21] While the building had initially been planned with a 29-story office section,[9][18][21] this was changed in the middle of construction.[9] The office tower's decorative details was influenced by the Beaux-Arts style,[16] while the theater was designed in a Neo-Renaissance style.[20] The Art Deco decoration was limited largely to the massing.[22]
1501 Broadway contains eight setbacks,[21][23] seven of which are above the theater wing.[24] The setbacks are placed on all sides as mandated under the 1916 Zoning Resolution.[9][21] On 43rd Street, the theater wing is twelve stories tall.[8][25] On 44th Street, the theater wing is nine stories tall, except for the westernmost bay, which is fourteen stories tall with a setback on the 12th story.[25] Along the office wing, the setbacks on the north, east, and south elevations start above the 18th story; there are six setbacks on these elevations, placed at regular intervals.[25][26] Each setback is separated by two or three stories.[25][24] The office wing's west elevation rises above the roof of the theater wing, with a small setback on the 26th story and a deeper setback on the 28th story. The top section of 1501 Broadway rises above the 28th story and is two bays deep.[25] The massing was intended to resemble that of a pyramid[26] or a mountain as depicted in the Paramount Pictures logo.[24]
Facade
[edit]Base
[edit]The first five stories of both wings are clad in limestone and constitute the building's base.[7][8] The ground story contains storefronts.[7] The main entrance since 2018 is on 43rd Street, with bronze doors and a bronze marquee sign.[27] The 2nd through 4th stories are divided into bays, containing three-story window openings flanked by rusticated piers. The windows on each story are separated by iron spandrels and are divided by vertical iron mullions. The spandrels are ornamented with classical motifs, as well as theatrical icons such as masks, scrolls, and festoons.[7] The 5th story contains one-over-one sash windows with metal frames. Between the 5th-story windows are oval cartouches.[28]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Times_Sq_Nov_2021_96.jpg/220px-Times_Sq_Nov_2021_96.jpg)
The theater entrance was near the south end of the eastern elevation, facing Broadway. Originally, it had a five-story archway and an elaborate curved marquee.[15][18] The original archway was removed in the late 1960s and replaced with windows and rusticated piers, which were taken from the 43rd Street elevation.[29] The only indication of the former archway was the presence of blank limestone panels instead of windows on the 5th story.[29][30] The arch was restored in 2001 and is constructed of concrete reinforced with glass fibers. The archway is surrounded by a frame with scrolls, rosettes, and lyre players, attached to a steel frame. The replica marquee, measuring 39 feet (12 m) wide, is made of three glass panels, reinforced with plastic and finished in bronze.[31] The marquee includes a curved LED display but was otherwise designed to match historical specifications.[32] A sign with the name "Paramount" is mounted over the archway and contains 400 lights.[31]
Prior to 2018,[33] the main office entrance was just north of the center bay along Broadway; the opening still exists but leads to a retail space. It contains a double-height limestone frame with a lintel above the second floor. The doorway is divided vertically into a large center section flanked by two narrower sections. At ground level, the entrance includes a set of double doors, flanked by a single door, all made of brass and glass. Above the center doors is a clock flanked by brackets. There are windows above the remainder of the ground floor, as well as another set of windows on the 2nd story.[7] The ground and 2nd stories of the doorway are separated by decorative iron spandrels; the center panel has an oval motif.[7][34] The spandrels contain other motifs including theater masks, instruments, and branches.[34] The building's cornerstone is placed in a niche within the former main entrance.[35] The cornerstone includes copper boxes with several newspapers' front pages, gold coins, film reels, and a news reel showing Richard E. Byrd's 1926 North Pole flight.[35][36]
Office stories
[edit]Starting on the 6th story of the office tower, the window openings generally contain one-over-one windows, which are grouped into bays. The bays are divided by alternating narrow and wide piers. The narrow piers are plain, while the wide piers are either rusticated or plain. The rusticated piers project slightly from the facade. The rear wing on 43rd and 44th Streets has double-hung windows separated by plain piers. On 44th Street, there are oval openings at the ninth story, which are surrounded by festoons. The top of the rear wing on 44th Street is decorated with acroteria.[25]
The setbacks of the office tower contain parapets.[25] Below the parapets were floodlights that originally illuminated the setbacks at night to emphasize the jagged massing.[9][21][26] Over one thousand lights were used in the setbacks' lighting system.[23] Trapezoidal finials, designed to resemble obelisks, are placed at the setback level atop many of the rusticated piers.[21][25] On the 28th through 30th stories, there are oversized consoles on the north and south elevations.[25]
Clock and globe
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/1501_Broadway_rear_top.jpg/220px-1501_Broadway_rear_top.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Paramount_Building_via_One_Times_Square.jpg/220px-Paramount_Building_via_One_Times_Square.jpg)
The Paramount Building has a large four-faced clock above its 30th story.[20][37] The clock faces on the west and east are made of limestone, with metal minute and hour hands.[25] The west and east clock faces measure about 25 feet (7.6 m) wide.[38][39][b] Inset within the stone are twelve circular glass panels, which measure 4 feet (1.2 m) high and denote the hours.[39] These panels contain five-pointed stars, forming a circle of stars as used in the Paramount Pictures logo.[9][20][37][38] The hour and minute hands were originally illuminated.[37][39][c] Flanking these faces is a pair of setback pavilions with oval cartouches and rusticated piers. The north and south clock faces are placed on these setback pavilions. They are made with metal frames and are smaller than those on the west and east.[25] The clock faces were mechanically operated from the building's completion.[39][40]
Above the clock faces is a stone frieze and trapezoidal corner obelisks.[25] The top of the building contains a copper pedestal with an ornamental glass and copper sphere measuring 19 feet (5.8 m) across.[25][41][42] The sphere is made of 90 square panels, originally decorated with a map of the world. A smokestack is placed within the globe, measuring 2.5 feet (0.76 m) wide, with a maintenance ladder and catwalks inside.[41] The globe was intended to signify Paramount predecessor Famous Players–Lasky,[26] and it originally illuminated once every 15 minutes.[d] In its early years, the globe could be seen from several miles away at night.[38][39] During World War II, the globe and clock were painted black to maintain blackout conditions for fear of an enemy invasion. They were restored in 1996.[20][38] After its restoration, the globe was lit a constant white after dusk, with red pulses every 15 minutes to signify the time, as well as bell chimes.[37][38][e]
In November 1927, a rooftop observation deck opened above the clock[43][44] at a height of 450 feet (140 m).[45] It included glass-enclosed rooms on either side of the clock.[39][43] Adults were charged 50 cents for admission, while children paid 25 cents.[43] The observation deck has since been closed.[44] The observation area is narrow, though urban explorers have climbed onto the deck.[46]
Interior
[edit]The central entrance on Broadway led to the offices, while the ornate arched entrance on the south end of the Broadway elevation led to the Paramount Theatre.[45][47] At ground level, a large amount of space was occupied by the theater's entrance, and other space was taken up by seven storefronts. There was also store space in the basement, as well as a foundation that extended 52 feet (16 m) deep.[8] In total, the building had 6,000 square feet (560 m2) of stores and 2,000 square feet (190 m2) of basements.[8][45] The office section of the building originally comprised 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2)[48] or 265,000 square feet (24,600 m2).[8] The entire building was served by an emergency staircase, and there were toilets on every floor.[8]
Lobby and elevators
[edit]The original Broadway lobby was relatively small; no one had to travel more than 35 feet (11 m) between the street and any elevator. The space had a travertine floor and polished black-veined marble walls. There was a tenant directory facing the main entrance, as well as a mail chute on the wall between the directory and the entrance. The lobby had a shallow vaulted ceiling with low-relief ornamentation, a gold finish, and bronze chandeliers. Inset into the walls were bronze elevator doors.[26] Originally, the lobby was served by six local and six express elevators. The local elevators traveled only to the 18th floor, while the express elevators skipped some intermediate stories and traveled to the 28th floor.[8] Visitors to the observation deck had to take an express elevator, then transfer to a lift that served the upper offices.[8][43]
On one side of the lobby was a broad travertine staircase, which led to a second-story banking room occupied by the Chemical National Bank. This banking room was finished with a terrazzo floor and marble base, while all the trim and the counter screens were made of wood. The lower part of the counter screen, and the wainscoting on the walls, were composed of molded wood paneling. which was painted white. The upper part of the counter screen was framed in walnut with a natural finish, and all of the furniture and fixtures of the officers' platform were also made of walnut. Above the woodwork, the walls and ceiling were finished in white-tinted plaster.[26]
In 2018, a third-story sky lobby was completed. The sky lobby includes a two-story escalator atrium and an additional elevator from the entrance on 43rd Street.[33] The offices were originally served by twelve elevators that could travel at up to 700 feet per minute (210 m/min).[45] As of 2021[update], there are 22 elevators in the building.[49]
Former theater space
[edit]The interior of the theater was decorated with French detailing.[37] The arch connected to a domed rotunda measuring 50 feet (15 m) tall, supported by veined-marble columns on black-and-gold bases.[8][50][51] A "Hall of Nations" was just past the rotunda.[45] The Hall of Nations had rocks from 37 countries, accompanied by explanatory plaques,[50][51] as well as a bust of Thomas Edison.[50] Past that was a grand hall along 43rd Street, which was modeled on the Versailles chapel and measured 150 feet (46 m) long by up to 50 feet (15 m) wide.[8][30][52] The hall's design features were also inspired by that of the Paris Opera House's foyer, with white marble columns, balustrades, and a grand staircase flanking the hallway.[15][47][50] The vaulted ceiling rose to a height of 50 feet (15 m) and had a mural of the Sun King.[50][52] Elevators connected with the Paramount Theatre's mezzanine levels and with a basement lounge.[50] An enormous crystal chandelier was hung from the hall.[47]
The 3,664-seat auditorium was at the rear of the building.[53] It was 10 stories tall, with three levels of balcony seats, as well as a promenade for visitors to look down at the theater from overhead.[30][52] The orchestra was at the south end, while the stage was at the north end.[47] The theater was decorated in rose, turquoise, and ivory colors,[8][50] with red and gold draperies, as well as a cyclorama-style wall at the rear of the stage.[8] Fountains flanked the proscenium arch above the stage.[50] The height of the theater was emphasized by decorated vertical panels on either side of the proscenium.[52] The theater housed a large organ built by the Wurlitzer company.[54] The railings were manufactured from brass. There were Greek statues and busts carved in wall niches, while the restrooms and waiting rooms were grandiose in style in comparison to cathedrals at the time.[47] In addition to the auditorium, there was a music room[8] and three rehearsal rooms.[50][55] Various rooms were decorated with artwork, and there were seating lounges and a tea gallery as well.[50] The side rooms were given names,[8] such as the Elizabethan Room, a mixed-gender lounge paneled in walnut.[50][52]
The theater space was converted to offices in 1967, requiring the installation of 64 steel columns within the auditorium shell.[56] The former auditorium is spanned by eight trusses, each measuring 122 feet (37 m) and weighing 144 short tons (129 long tons; 131 t).[7][8][57] The former theater lobby's space is occupied by a Hard Rock Cafe restaurant, spread across 5,500 square feet (510 m2) on the ground floor and 35,000 square feet (3,300 m2) in the basement, as well as a Hard Rock Cafe store measuring 1,500 square feet (140 m2). The restaurant can fit 600 diners or 1,000 concertgoers.[58]
Offices
[edit]The offices were decorated with similar French motifs as the rest of the building.[37] The fourth through twelfth stories, originally occupied by Famous Players–Lasky, included 65 executive offices that were finished in walnut, and some rooms contained veneers of burled walnut, The veneers contained carvings of figures that matched the burled surfaces of the wood. The private offices of Famous Players–Lasky cofounders Adolph Zukor and Jesse L. Lasky were decorated with walnut-paneled walls, separated by wide moldings. These offices had large ceiling beams, which were clad with walnut panels and separated by plaster coffers; the casement windows in these offices contained stained glass panels.[26]
The stories below the 18th floor each contained 16,000 square feet (1,500 m2), while the upper stories were smaller because of the setbacks,[48] tapering to 2,100 square feet (200 m2) at the top.[24] As a result of the setbacks, the floors were also built in eleven different sizes.[8] The smaller upper stories were advertised as being suitable for companies that wanted to consolidate their offices on a full story and occupy it for themselves.[8][59][60] Another 190,000 square feet (18,000 m2)[61] or 220,000 square feet (20,000 m2) of office space was added in the late 1960s with the renovation of the former theater wing.[62] The conversion created floor plates of up to 37,000 square feet (3,400 m2) on the lowest stories.[61]
History
[edit]Times Square became the epicenter for large-scale theater productions between 1900 and the Great Depression.[63] Famous Players–Lasky, the predecessor to the Paramount Corporation, had been formed in 1916.[64] The company formed a subsidiary, the 1493 Broadway Corporation, to buy the Putnam Building and Westover Court on Times Square in 1919.[10] During the 1920s, Famous Players–Lasky president Adolph Zukor had acquired a controlling interest in the Chicago-based Balaban and Katz theatre chain, operated by Sam Katz, who became the head of Paramount's theatre division.[65][59] Balaban and Katz had a long working relationship with Chicago architectural firm Rapp and Rapp, which had designed numerous theaters for Katz's company in the Midwest.[65][66]
Development
[edit]Planning
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Times_Sq_Sep_2021_187.jpg/220px-Times_Sq_Sep_2021_187.jpg)
In June 1922, Famous Players–Lasky received a $5.5 million loan from the Prudence Bonds Corporation, and it planned to spend $2.5 million on a 4,000-seat movie theater behind the Putnam Building.[10][67] Rapp and Rapp were hired to design the new theater.[68] Shortly afterward, Famous Players–Lasky signed a 21-year lease with the 1493 Broadway Corporation.[69][70] Though Famous Players–Lasky had encountered difficulties in funding its motion pictures by late 1923, Zukor said the corporation would proceed once the lease on Westover Court expired the following year.[70] The size of the site would have allowed a theater with up to 7,000 seats, but this would have required an extremely crowded seating arrangement.[55] Famous Players–Lasky had raised $2 million toward funding the building's construction when it had run into financial issues. Ultimately, the company implemented a financing plan, wherein it cleared the debt from the bond issues.[71] After Famous Players–Lasky's financial issues were resolved, in October 1924, Zukor announced that the company would construct the theater and an office tower.[72]
Early in 1925, Zukor appointed a special committee to oversee the development of the office tower and the as-yet-unnamed theater.[71] That April, Famous Players–Lasky announced that it would erect the 29-story Paramount Building and an adjoining theater for $13.5 million,[73][74][75] and Rapp and Rapp filed building plans.[9] The land alone was valued at $4.24 million, an increase from $3.2 million in 1917.[12] In addition to the theater, the building would include ground-story stores, Famous Players–Lasky's offices, a radio broadcasting station, a private rehearsal theater, and a children's nursery.[15][18][73] The theater would be operated as part of Famous Players–Lasky's Publix chain.[55][76] The lowest two stories and the 16th through 31st stories would be rented out, except to theatrical agents, who would instead be offered space at Paramount Studios in Queens.[76] The theater was planned to be completed first, followed by the office tower.[55] The tenants of Westover Court were asked to leave the site by the beginning of June 1925,[77][78] and the Putnam Building was to be demolished by that October.[74]
Construction
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%22Paramount_Building%22_%22Times_Square_New_York_City%22_ad_in_Motion_Picture_News_%28March_6%2C_1926_to_April_24%2C_1926%29_%28page_622_crop%29.jpg/220px-%22Paramount_Building%22_%22Times_Square_New_York_City%22_ad_in_Motion_Picture_News_%28March_6%2C_1926_to_April_24%2C_1926%29_%28page_622_crop%29.jpg)
Demolition contracts were awarded in May 1925.[18][79][80] Famous Players–Lasky kept a film record of the work,[81] starting with the demolition of Westover Court.[79] To celebrate the project, Famous Players–Lasky held a barbecue in the nearby Hotel Astor that August, serving oxen and lamb that had been roasted over Westover Court's ruins.[82][83] By September, the Putnam Building was slated to be demolished.[12] In January 1926, the Paramount Broadway Corporation issued a first mortgage consisting of $10 million in bonds with a maturity of 25 years.[84][85] The same month, the Paramount Broadway Corporation leased the building to Famous Players–Lasky for 25 years at an annual rental of $807,500.[86] By then, the site's valuation had increased to $6 million, making it one of the most valuable sites in the neighborhood.[87] The Broadway Association was tasked with arranging a dedication ceremony for the Paramount Building.[88]
The excavations descended about 53 feet (16 m) into the underlying layer of bedrock.[45] During excavations in February 1926, a water main and a gas main broke, flooding the site.[89][90] Later that month, the Thompson-Starrett Company began erecting the steel trusses above the auditorium. Traveling derricks were used for the process, which was captured on film and which attracted a large crowd.[7][57] Inclement weather during that month led to slight delays, prompting Thompson-Starrett to hire contractors for overnight shifts to make up for the lost time. By the end of March, the auditorium's trusses were completed and the steel for the office tower was being erected. In addition, the offices on the first 13 stories had been completely rented, as were much of the 18th through 23rd stories.[45]
Mayor Jimmy Walker laid the ceremonial cornerstone on May 19, 1926, at a ceremony attended by Paramount's cofounders (Zukor and Jesse L. Lasky), as well as various producers and actors.[36][91] One of the building's architects, C. W. Rapp, died the following month during the construction.[92] The office tower topped out on August 2, 1926, with the raising of the U.S. flag 450 feet (140 m) above street level.[93][94] The same month, Roman governor Filippo Cremonesi presented an eagle from a Roman palace, on behalf of Italian leader Benito Mussolini, for the theater's Hall of Nations.[95] At that point, a variety of firms had leased space at the building, including Rapp and Rapp, the Western Union Telegraph Company, and the Educational Film Corporation of America.[96][97] In mid-November 1926, the New York Building Congress distributed craftsmanship awards to 21 construction workers.[98]
Early and mid-20th century
[edit]Opening and 1920s
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Paramount_Times_Square.jpg/220px-Paramount_Times_Square.jpg)
The Paramount Theatre opened on November 19, 1926,[99] with a ceremony including thousands of guests.[100][101] This was part of a three-day celebration of Broadway's 300th anniversary,[102] which included an event in which thousands of balloons were released from the roof of the office tower.[103][104] To date, $17 million had been spent on the entire project, including $3 million on the theater alone.[50][51] Within a week of the theater's opening, Famous Players–Lasky estimated that the theater would earn $20,000 a week in net profit.[105] The retail tenants included Chemical Bank,[105][106] Childs Restaurants,[105][107] the Knox Hat Company,[105][108] and the Sarnoff-Irving Hat Store,[109] while the office tenants included four firms listed on the New York Stock Exchange.[105] William A. White & Sons managed the leasing for the Paramount Building.[110] Zukor had the top-story office for himself.[111]
By January 1927, the building was 35 percent rented;[112] the office structure was completed early that year.[9] Some of the storefronts began opening that May, including a barber shop[113] and the Chemical Bank branch.[106] Rapp and Rapp filed plans in July 1927 to convert the basement to a restaurant,[114] and the observation deck opened that November.[115] The building's retail tenants paid rent to Paramount based on a percentage of each tenants' gross profits. Paramount executives frequently patronized the shops, including a 3rd-story barbershop, the Childs Restaurant in the basement, and a Walgreens pharmacy at ground level.[116] Rapp and Rapp filed plans for further alterations in late 1928.[117] By then, Famous Players–Lasky was officially known as the Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation; that company, in turn, became Paramount Publix in 1930.[118]
1930s to 1950s
[edit]The office tower received several new tenants in the 1930s, including Fusion Party campaign offices,[119] advertisers Donahue & Coe,[120] and Prudential Insurance.[121] By February 1933, Publix was in receivership and seeking to reduce its rent payments;[122][123] in so doing, the firm moved to downsize its space.[124] A bankruptcy court agreed to reorganize the Paramount Building's debt in May 1934. The yearly interest rate on the bonds was lowered temporarily until half the principal of the bonds was paid off.[125][126][127] Paramount Broadway also sued to have the tax assessment for the building reduced by $3 million.[128] Despite opposition by bondholders,[129][130] Paramount Publix reorganized as Paramount Pictures Inc. in April 1935 and restructured its subsidiary, the Paramount Broadway Corporation.[131] Paramount Pictures owned all stock in Paramount Broadway.[118] The Paramount Theatre at the base closed for one week in 1934, the only extended closure in the theater's history.[132] The next year, the clock faces were refurbished after the hands had become badly corroded.[40][133]
Paramount Broadway continued to post losses in the years after the reorganization.[134] Conversely, the Paramount Theatre at the building's base became highly popular, especially for live musical performances, hosting performers such as Buddy Holly and Frank Sinatra.[62][135] William A. White & Son prepared the building for air raids at the beginning of World War II,[136][137] which led the building to earn an award for air-raid readiness in 1943.[138] In addition, the Paramount Building's tenants collected scrap paper for the war effort,[139][140] and the globe and clock atop the building were blacked out.[20][38] By the end of 1944, Paramount Broadway had paid off a $6 million mortgage on the building.[141] Paramount attempted to sell the office building in 1948. After marketing the building for a few months and failing to find a buyer, the company listed it publicly that September for $13 million.[142] The clock faces were repaired in mid-1949.[143]
In 1949, Paramount Pictures' board of directors voted to split the theater unit to a separate company, United Paramount Theatres (UPT).[144][145] The building became the UPT's headquarters, and UPT leased the theater from Paramount Pictures.[99] In addition, Paramount received a $9 million loan from Prudential Insurance in September 1950, including a $7 million mortgage on the Paramount Building.[146][147] After UPT's merger with ABC in 1953,[148][149] the building continued as American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres (AB-PT)'s headquarters.[150] The Child's Restaurant and Walgreens store at the base, which had occupied the building since its completion, were closed in 1957.[151] AB-PT relocated its headquarters to the ABC studios on 66th Street in 1959, though ABC's film syndication units remained at the Paramount Building.[152] The theater had dropped its stage-show policy in 1952 but was still popular,[153] though it faced increasing competition from television.[135]
Late 20th century to present
[edit]Sale and annex conversion
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Times_Sq_Sep_2021_201.jpg/220px-Times_Sq_Sep_2021_201.jpg)
William Zeckendorf Jr. of the firm Webb & Knapp offered to buy 1501 Broadway in June 1964, with plans to replace the Paramount Theatre with an exhibit hall and office space.[153][154] A Webb & Knapp subsidiary had made a $150,000 down payment, with a promise to pay $350,000 before the sale's closing and $10 million at closing.[155] The theater shuttered on August 4, 1964,[132] though it temporarily reopened the next month.[156] Paramount Pictures indicated it would remain in the building.[157] The conclusion of the sale was postponed to October,[158][159] then to November,[160][161] when the theater's art was auctioned.[162] 1501 Broadway was finally purchased in December 1964 by Paramount Building Associates, an affiliate of Webb & Knapp, for $10.5 million. By then, Webb & Knapp was financially troubled and was selling off property to pay off debts.[163][164] The Paramount Theatre was leased for stage/screen programs in March 1965[165] but closed again that June after failing to attract guests.[166]
Paramount Building Associates contracted to resell 1501 Broadway in May 1965 to Evelyn Sharp, who paid $9 million and planned to renovate the building.[167][168] Mortimer M. Caplin had been appointed as trustee for Webb & Knapp's operations, and he sought to delay the sale of the building to Sharp.[169][170] The property title was to have been transferred in June 1965, but Caplin objected to the transfer at the last minute.[155][171] Caplin presumably wanted Webb & Knapp's $500,000 deposit on the building to be returned to his client.[172] This led Sharp to withdraw from the proposed sale,[173] allowing Caplin to proceed with selling the building at a foreclosure auction.[174][175] Though the auction garnered no buyers,[176] the building was sold that September to David Rosenthal, Joseph E. Levine, and Philip J. Levin.[177][178] ABC moved to 1330 Avenue of the Americas afterward,[179][180] while Paramount moved out after becoming part of the Gulf & Western conglomerate.[181]
The owners planned to build a garage at ground level with offices above.[48][182] The group began renovating the Paramount Building in January 1967.[183][62] As part of the renovation, the Paramount Theatre was dismantled and turned into office space, and the archway leading to the theater was removed.[184] That March, Rosenthal and Levine sold their ownership stakes to Levin and Arlen Properties, who split ownership equally between them.[185][186] Existing tenants were not disrupted by the demolition of the old theater, which had been completed by that October.[56] A branch of the New York Bank for Savings opened in the base in early 1968, while construction was still ongoing, forcing the tellers to wear hard hats.[187]
1970s to 1990s
[edit]Newmark & Company managed the building on behalf of Arlen, signing ten-year leases for the expanded office stories.[61] Major tenants in the newly converted offices included The New York Times,[61] the Offtrack Betting Corporation,[188] Lane Bryant,[189] and the Metropolitan Diagnostic Institute.[190] The newly converted office space was not fully leased until the mid-1970s. By the end of that decade, many lower-story tenants had chosen not to renew, including the Times and Lane Bryant, but Newmark had added other tenants, including the Internal Revenue Service and Hardesty & Hanover. By contrast, the upper stories were fully rented.[61] In addition to the larger tenants, the Paramount Building hosted smaller offices such as those of the National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities.[191] All of the space in the building had been rented by the mid-1980s.[192]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Yahoo_Yodel_Studio_at_the_Hard_Rock_Cafe_%284014727235%29.jpg/220px-Yahoo_Yodel_Studio_at_the_Hard_Rock_Cafe_%284014727235%29.jpg)
The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) designated the Paramount Building as a city landmark in November 1988.[193][194] The building was designated for its historical importance to the motion-picture industry and for its architectural importance as an Art Deco skyscraper.[194] In 1996, Newmark received permission from the LPC to restore the clock and globe atop the building and the large arch on Broadway.[195][196] An imitation of the original marquee was to be placed in front of the arch.[197] This was part of the company's effort to attract a retailer to the basement.[196] Planet Hollywood, which planned to lease the basement,[195][197] was to pay for the restoration.[196] The restoration of the clock and globe involved changing the power supply and rebuilding the clock mechanism.[197] The clock and globe were restored at the end of 1997.[38]
Planet Hollywood spent $13 million on renovating 1501 Broadway's ground-floor space into a venue for live music.[198] Tobin Parnes was the restoration architect.[31][199] The project entailed lowering the basement by 7 feet (2.1 m), removing three support columns, and lengthening nine more columns.[200] Following Planet Hollywood's financial troubles,[201] it sold the basement and first-floor space to World Wrestling Federation Entertainment (WWF; later WWE) in July 1999 for $9 million.[42][198] WWF planned to open a theme restaurant at the base, known as The World,[202] and the company spent $7.5 million.[31]
2000s to present
[edit]The World opened in 2000.[203][199] That May, the LPC approved the addition of an LED marquee[204] after initially hesitating to do so.[199] The new marquee was unveiled with an American flag display on September 12, 2001, one day after the September 11 attacks.[32] WWE closed its store and restaurant in early 2003, only three years after opening the restaurant.[205] Bubba Gump Shrimp Company opened a restaurant in the building that year.[206] Hard Rock Cafe decided to move into the WWE space in 2004,[207][208] citing the improvements that WWE had already made.[58] Numerous retailers took space at 1501 Broadway in the early 2010s including Ben & Jerry's[209] and the New York Yankees.[210]
Paramount Leasehold LP, the building's owner, obtained a $130 million mortgage from Cantor Commercial Real Estate in 2013. Paramount Leasehold planned to spend $50 million on renovating the building; it also considered adding an entrance on 43rd Street. At the time, 1501 Broadway was 70 percent occupied, and its tenants included entertainment companies and attorneys.[211][212] The LPC approved the renovation project in 2016.[27][213] The lobby was moved from Broadway to 43rd Street, and a tenant lounge was installed on the third story.[214][215] In addition, elevators and escalators were added, while hallways, restrooms, and windows were upgraded.[53][214][216] The contractors replicated the historical features using plaster moldings, and some original architectural details were salvaged and relocated. A specialty contractor provided the custom cast-bronze pieces and an Italian quarry supplied marble for the renovation.[33]
The lobby relocation was completed in mid-2018,[33][217] after which Newmark signed leases with tenants such as the KIPP Foundation and the American Federation of Musicians.[218][219] The entire renovation was completed in 2019.[216] JPMorgan Chase gave Levin and Newmark a $200 million loan for 1501 Broadway in early 2020,[220][221] and the owners began adding a tenant lounge on the third story that year.[215] Ticketing platform TodayTix moved to 1501 Broadway in 2022.[222]
Critical reception
[edit]When the Paramount Building was completed, architect Francisco Mujica wrote that the building exemplified how setback skyscrapers resembled "the primitive pyramids of America".[223][224] H. I. Brock of The New York Times wrote that the Paramount Building was "the most extraordinary pile in New York".[21][225] Conversely, Lewis Mumford said "the posters describe it as the greatest palace that shadows have built", a phrase that had been created by film industry promoters,[21] "but it is in fact the greatest shadow that shadows have built".[226] While Mumford characterized the exterior as something that nobody could see, he called the interior "the reminiscence of a grandiose nightmare that might follow a rather arduous day of sightseeing in Paris".[21][226] George Shepard Chappell, writing in The New Yorker under the pseudonym "T-Square", wrote that he could not "conscientiously give the building anything except size"; in Chappell's view, this fit with the "concentrated tawdriness" of Times Square.[21][227]
In the 1980s, The New York Times wrote that Times Square's skyline was characterized by "the beautiful Astor Hotel, the sleekly new Paramount Building and, of course, Times Tower".[228] The Times wrote that despite 1501 Broadway's location at the middle of Times Square, "some New Yorkers have never bothered craning their necks to see" the building's attributes, including its globe and clock.[229] 1501 Broadway was also significant in the film industry. Years after the destruction of the theater and the relocation of Paramount itself, Variety magazine said that "1501 Broadway will always be a symbol of 'where the action was'".[181]
See also
[edit]- Architecture of New York City
- List of buildings and structures on Broadway in Manhattan
- List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ As the two roads intersect at a very shallow angle, they are nearly parallel through Times Square. Broadway is west of Seventh Avenue to the north of 45th Street and east of Seventh Avenue to the south of 44th Street.[4] Because Broadway between 42nd and 47th Streets was closed in the 2010s, the Paramount Building only faces Seventh Avenue.[5][6]
- ^ The New York Times gives a width of 25 feet (7.6 m),[38] while The Yonkers Herald gives a width of 26 feet (7.9 m) for the larger faces.[39] The New York Herald Tribune says the larger faces are 30 feet (9.1 m) wide and the smaller faces are 26 feet wide.[40]
- ^ When the clock was installed in 1926, the hour hands of the larger faces were 12 feet (3.7 m) long and the minute hands were 17 feet (5.2 m) long.[39] The arms were replaced in 1936 with hour hands measuring 10 feet (3.0 m) long and minute hands measuring 14 feet (4.3 m) long.[40]
- ^ The red light flashed at the following intervals: once at 15 minutes past the hour, twice at 30 minutes past the hour, and three times at 45 minutes past the hour. Every hour on the hour, the red light flashed four times, then the white light flashed the number of hours. For instance, 10:00 p.m. would be signified by four red flashes followed by ten white flashes.[41]
- ^ The red lights flash at the following intervals: once at 15 minutes past the hour, twice at 30 minutes past the hour, three times at 45 minutes past the hour, and four times on the hour.[38]
Citations
[edit]- ^ a b "Paramount Building - The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
- ^ a b c d White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 297. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
- ^ a b c d e "1493 Broadway, 10036". New York City Department of City Planning. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ^ a b Pollak, Michael (June 12, 2005). "Times Square Shuffle". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ a b Warerkar, Tanay (April 19, 2017). "See how Snøhetta's transformation of Times Square made it more pedestrian friendly". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
- ^ a b Fishbein, Rebecca (April 19, 2017). "Photos: Times Square's Transformation Into A Pedestrian-Friendly Tourist Fun Zone Is Complete". Gothamist. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 7.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Architecture and Building 1927, p. 3.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 6.
- ^ a b c d e "$5,500,000 Theatre for Times Square; Famous Players–Lasky Corporation to Build Just Off Broadway From 43d to 44th St". The New York Times. June 3, 1922. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
- ^ a b "4,000-Seat "Movie" Theater Planned For Times Square: Westover Court, in 42d and 44th Streets, to Give Way to Big Structure; 85,000,000 for Improvements". New-York Tribune. June 3, 1922. p. 6. ProQuest 576614297.
- ^ a b c "Big Improvements in Times Square: Wrecking of Putnam Building for Paramount Theatre Will Begin This Week". The New York Times. September 27, 1925. p. RE1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 103424441.
- ^ "Greatest Electrical Display To Be Seen Here Every Night: Broadway's Skyline a Varicolored "Movie"; Night Signs One of Features of Great White Way". New-York Tribune. July 16, 1922. p. B1. ProQuest 576626612.
- ^ "Big Rentals Paid for Electric Signs: Wrigley's $100,000 a Year Sign, Soon to Come Down, Heads Times Square's Rental List". Wall Street Journal. December 27, 1923. p. 10. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 130140673.
- ^ a b c d Johns, Orrick (May 7, 1925). "Paramount Pictures Building Project, Times Sq., New York: The Promenade Elaborate Stage". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 10. ISSN 2573-3850. ProQuest 511589255.
- ^ a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 5.
- ^ a b c Architecture and Building 1927, p. 4.
- ^ a b c d e "Soon to Begin Work on Film Skyscraper; Clearing of Site for Paramount Building in Times Square to Be Started in Week". The New York Times. May 24, 1925. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
- ^ a b "Paramount Building". Emporis. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987, p. 534.
- ^ Robins 2017, p. 91.
- ^ a b "New Paramount Building Officially Opens To-night: Theater in 40-Story Broadway Structure Arranges Initial Production". New York Herald Tribune. November 19, 1926. p. 18. ProQuest 1112653244.
- ^ a b c d Stichweh, Dirk (2016). New York Skyscrapers. Prestel Publishing. p. 173. ISBN 978-3-7913-8226-5. OCLC 923852487.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 8.
- ^ a b c d e f g Architecture and Building 1927, p. 217.
- ^ a b "Paramount Building Entrance, 1501 Broadway, Moving Because of Times Square Pedestrian Plaza". New York YIMBY. March 17, 2016. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, pp. 7–8.
- ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, pp. 8–9.
- ^ a b c Schneider, Daniel B. (July 12, 1998). "F.Y.I." The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Dunlap, David W. (April 18, 2001). "Commercial Real Estate; Reviving Paramount's Marquee and Waldorf's Stars". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b Dunlap, David W. (December 30, 2001). "The Great Red, Green and Blue Way". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b c d "1501 Broadway-Lobby Positioning: Interior/Tenant Best Project 2018". Engineering News-Record. September 27, 2018. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b Robins 2017, pp. 90–91.
- ^ a b "Pictures: Cornerstone Laid for New F. P. Bldg". Variety. Vol. 83, no. 1. May 19, 1926. p. 3. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1475781027.
- ^ a b "Paramount Stone Is Laid by Walker; Hays Eulogizes Film Industry at Dedication of Theatre Building in Times Square". The New York Times. May 20, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Robins 2017, p. 90.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Dunlap, David W. (December 17, 1997). "Broadway Beacon Set to Glow Again". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Biggest Clock's for Broadway". The Yonkers Herald. July 21, 1926. p. 9. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d "Two New Hands Point Out Time For Broadway: Paramount Pair, Weighing 1,600 Pounds, Corroded; in Danger of Fall to Street Others To Be Changed $40,000 Timepiece, Made in 1926, Gets 1st Repair Broadway's Favorite Clock Gets an Overhauling". New York Herald Tribune. August 10, 1935. p. 11. ProQuest 1240195697.
- ^ a b c "Huge Ball to Tell Time; Device on Paramount Building Will Flash Signals". The New York Times. September 1, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b Windeler, Robert (July 29, 1999). "In Focus: Paramount Theatre Rises: Venue to Return as Wrestling Arena, Restaurant". Back Stage. Vol. 40, no. 30. p. 6. ISSN 0005-3635. ProQuest 1598449.
- ^ a b c d "New Sightseeing Tower; Paramount Building Will Be Open for Visitors Tomorrow". The New York Times. November 13, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, pp. 6–7.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Record in Building Aim at Paramount: Contractors Making Up Time Lost Through Bad Weather on 35-story Structure". The New York Times. March 28, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Photos Atop the Globe and Clocktower of the Paramount Building in Times Square". Untapped New York. April 23, 2019. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e "Paramount Theatre in New York, NY". Cinema Treasures. November 19, 1926. Archived from the original on February 2, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ a b c Ennis, Thomas W. (January 30, 1966). "Office Boom Seen for Times Square; New Skyscraper Will Rise on Site of Astor Hotel-- Wide Interest Reported". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Elevator Devices". NYC Department of Buildings. City of New York. Archived from the original on April 17, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Costliest Theatre Will Open Tonight; $3,000,000 Home of Paramount Films Is the First Word in Comfort". The New York Times. November 19, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b c "Paramount Theatre is Opened to Public". Times Union. November 20, 1926. p. 4. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d e Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987, p. 256.
- ^ a b "Paramount Building owners hit Hard Rock parent company with $6.5M lawsuit". Crain's New York Business. December 17, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Paramount Theatre". New York City Chapter of the American Guild of Organists. November 19, 1926. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Motion Pictures: New Paramount House To Be Opening Point Of All Publix Units". The Billboard. Vol. 38, no. 14. April 3, 1926. p. 46. ISSN 2638-3853. ProQuest 1031785373.
- ^ a b "Paramount's Glory Turns to Dust". The New York Times. October 7, 1967. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ a b "Times Square Sees Weight-lifting Feat; Police Guard New Paramount Building Site as 144-ton Truss Is Set in Place". The New York Times. February 23, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b Rothstein, Mervyn (January 23, 2005). "A Crossroads for Restaurants". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 3.
- ^ "The Paramount Building and the Paramount Theater". Architecture and Building. Vol. 49, no. 1. January 1927. p. 3.
- ^ a b c d e Oser, Alan (July 4, 1979). "About Real Estate: Times Square Office Space Filling Rapidly". The New York Times. p. A10. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 120818575.
- ^ a b c Ennis, Thomas W. (January 17, 1967). "News of Realty: End of a Theater; Work Begun on Converting the Paramount to Offices". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ Swift, Christopher (2018). "The City Performs: An Architectural History of NYC Theater". New York City College of Technology, City University of New York. Archived from the original on March 25, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 2.
- ^ a b White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot (2000). AIA Guide to New York City (4th ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-8129-3107-5.
- ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 4.
- ^ "Float $5,500,000 Loan for Times Sq. Theater". The Billboard. Vol. 34, no. 23. June 10, 1922. p. 8. ISSN 2638-3853. ProQuest 1031680395.
- ^ "Theatres". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 109, no. 23. June 10, 1922. p. 728. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via columbia.edu.
- ^ "Leases". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 110, no. 27. July 8, 1922. p. 30. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via columbia.edu.
- ^ a b "Zukor to Hasten Big Theatre Plan; President of Famous Players Denies Broadway Project Has Been Abandoned". The New York Times. October 28, 1923. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
- ^ a b "Pictures: Famous' 27-story Structure in Times Square Starts June 1". Variety. Vol. 78, no. 1. February 18, 1925. p. 24. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1505610288.
- ^ "Pictures: F. P.-L. Pays Off $6,000,000". Variety. Vol. 76, no. 11. October 29, 1924. pp. 21, 26. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1505664847.
- ^ a b "Movie Hall of Fame Planned at N. Y.". The Billboard. Vol. 36, no. 16. April 18, 1925. p. 6. ISSN 2638-3853. ProQuest 1031773621.
- ^ a b "29-Story Playhouse for Times Square; Famous-Players Lasky to Erect $7,500,000 Theatre Structure From 43d to 44th St". The New York Times. April 10, 1925. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "29-story Theatre Edifice for Rialto". New York Daily News. April 10, 1925. p. 51. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Pictures: 14 Stories of Paramount Bldg. For F. P.". Variety. Vol. 81, no. 10. January 20, 1926. p. 27. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1475712540.
- ^ "The Famous Players–Lasky Corporation to Proceed With Big Times Square Project". The New York Times. March 8, 1925. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Pictures: To Build on Putnam Site This Summer". Variety. Vol. 78, no. 4. March 11, 1925. p. 31. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1505610499.
- ^ a b "Times Square: Picturing New Thea. Bldg. 10 Ft. Daily as It Goes Up". Variety. Vol. 78, no. 13. May 13, 1925. p. 15. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1505667589.
- ^ "Former Orpheum Lessee Partner in Ownership of New 29-story Building". The Yonkers Herald. May 26, 1925. p. 5. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Dean, James W. (November 6, 1925). "New York Day by Day". Star-Gazette. p. 5. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ "Broadway Barbecue Is Moved Indoors; Famous Players Abandon Celebration on Times Square Building Site for Fear of Accidents". The New York Times. August 2, 1925. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Broadway Makes Merry At Paramount Barbecue: Screen and Stage Stars Dance at Astor, Adjoining Which New Theater Will Rise". The New York Herald, New York Tribune. August 3, 1925. p. 10. ProQuest 1113045696.
- ^ "Paramount Offers $10,000,000 in Bonds; Issue Will Be Secured by a 31-story Theatre and Office Building in Times Square". The New York Times. January 6, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Float Loan on Times Square Theater Site: Kuhn, Loeb Heads Syndicate Which Offers $10,000,000 Paramount Bonds on Property at B'way, 43d St". The New York Herald, New York Tribune. January 6, 1926. p. 27. ProQuest 1112679171.
- ^ "New Paramount Building in Times Square Is Leased for 25 Years for $20,187,500". The New York Times. January 28, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Soaring Values of Midtown Sites; A New Times Square Record Set by the Paramount Building Block". The New York Times. January 7, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Broadway to See Dedication Fetes; Celebrations Are Planned for Opening of New Temple, and Theatre in Times Square". The New York Times. January 12, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Times Sq. Sidewalk Drops Into Excavation; Nobody Hurt, but Water and Gas Mains Burst". The New York Times. February 1, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Times Square Crowds Imperiled by Cave-in: Water and Gas Mains Broken; Bridges Over New York Excavation Collapse". The Washington Post. February 1, 1926. p. 1. ISSN 0190-8286. ProQuest 149711288.
- ^ "Paramount Lays Cornerstone for Broadway Home: Walker, Hays and Screen Notables at Ceremony for the New Structure Covering a City Block". The New York Herald, New York Tribune. May 20, 1926. p. 18. ProQuest 1113036855.
- ^ "C.W. Rapp, Architect, Dies.: Designed Paramount Building Under Construction Here". The New York Times. June 30, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Paramount Building Reaches Its Peak; Band Plays as Flag Is Hoisted at 450-foot Level to Indicate High Point Is Attained". The New York Times. August 3, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Pictures: Paramount Raises Flag". Variety. Vol. 84, no. 3. August 4, 1926. p. 6. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1475693351.
- ^ "Mussolini Sends Gift to Movie Producers; Famous Players-lasky Receives Eagle From Caesars' Palace for Paramount Building". The New York Times. August 8, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "$3,550,000 Space Leased From Plans On Broadway: Several Rentals Reported in Paramount Building; Tenants for Structures in the Mid town Section". New York Herald Tribune. August 7, 1926. p. 22. ProQuest 1112993170.
- ^ "Paramount Leases Amount to $4,774,625; Several Leading Concerns Have Taken Large Units of Space From the Plans". The New York Times. November 21, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Honor 21 Workers on Paramount Bldg.; Certificates and Gold Buttons Are Presented for Their Superior Craftsmanship". The New York Times. November 16, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b Slide, Anthony (February 25, 2014). The New Historical Dictionary of the American Film Industry (revised ed.). Routledge. p. 156. ISBN 978-1135925543. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
- ^ Hall, Mordaunt (November 20, 1926). "Brilliant Opening at New Paramount; Thousands, Including Leaders in Many Fields, See Great Theatre's Splendor". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Pictures: New Paramount Has Gala Opening; Monument to Film Trade and Zukor". Variety. Vol. 85, no. 6. November 24, 1926. pp. 4, 8. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1475852754.
- ^ "21-Gun Salute Opens 3-Day Broadway Fete: Military Ceremonies and Addresses at Battery Park Start 300th Anniversary Celebration for Street Planes to Perform To-day Air Circus to Scatter Flowers Over Pedestrians in Theatrical Region at Noon". New York Herald Tribune. November 18, 1926. p. 12. ProQuest 1112659567.
- ^ "Broadway Parade Viewed by Throngs: Relics of Past Era Drawn on Gay Floats in Tercentenary Pageant". The New York Times. November 20, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Broadway Sees Her Birthday Parade Go By: $100,000 Floats, Depicting 300 Years of Progress, Traverse Thoroughfare From 72d St. to 34th St Oldtime Scenes Revived 3 Bands of 11 in Line Win Gold Cups; Hotel Astor Outdoor Display Is Best". New York Herald Tribune. November 20, 1926. p. 13. ProQuest 1112653375.
- ^ a b c d e "Paramount Net Income Large: Famous Players Expects to Receive $20,000 a Week From Its New Theatre May Add $2 a Share in 1927". Wall Street Journal. November 29, 1926. p. 1. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 130309806.
- ^ a b "Chemical National Enters Times Sq.; 103-Year-Old Bank, Known as 'Old Bullion,' Now Has Branch in Paramount Building". The New York Times. May 2, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Leases Made On Percentage Of Business: Childs Rents Basement Space in Paramount Building for Another Restaurant; Mid- Town Zone New Tenants". New York Herald Tribune. March 18, 1927. p. 29. ProQuest 1132573878.
- ^ "Millinery: To Open Women's Section Next Week In New Knox Unit". Women's Wear. Vol. 34, no. 112. May 13, 1927. p. 41. ProQuest 1653918433.
- ^ "Space in Times Square Leased for 1,000,000: Hat Concern Rents Store and Floor in New Paramount Building". New York Herald Tribune. February 4, 1927. p. 29. ProQuest 1130299608.
- ^ "White Collects Ten Millions in Rent Annually: Realty Concern Controls 90 Commercial Buildings 625 Living Structures Grimm Re-elected Head 2,500 Employees Get 50% More Bonus Than in '35". New York Herald Tribune. December 20, 1936. p. D2. ProQuest 1222347143.
- ^ McCain, Mark (June 26, 1988). "Commercial Property: Tower Offices; Both Views and Prestige Draw Tenants to the Top". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Pictures: $35,000 to $50,000 Rent For Paramount Stores". Variety. Vol. 86, no. 1. January 19, 1927. p. 13. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1475735052.
- ^ "Opens Barber Shop In Paramount Building". Women's Wear. Vol. 34, no. 122. May 25, 1927. p. 43. ProQuest 1653194831.
- ^ "Restaurant for Paramount Building". The New York Times. July 29, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Open Paramount Tower". The New York Times. November 20, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "Paramount Building Collects Rentals On Percentage Basis". The Billboard. Vol. 41, no. 34. August 24, 1929. p. 20. ISSN 2638-3853. ProQuest 1031906402.
- ^ "Paramount Building Alterations". The New York Times. October 9, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b "Paramount Pictures 6s Have Staged Recovery In Recent Months: Low for Year Was 83 But Now They Are Within Striking Distance of Par More Active in Trading". Wall Street Journal. October 26, 1936. p. 8. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 128841687.
- ^ "Fusionists Move to Unite Factions; Davidson and Tuttls Groups Will Be in Close Touch With Coalition Headquarters". The New York Times. August 30, 1933. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Real Estate News and Projects: Donahue & Coe Move to Larger Midtown Space Advertising Agency to Use Floor in Paramount Bldg; Couturier Rents Space". New York Herald Tribune. November 30, 1933. p. 42. ProQuest 1114766028.
- ^ "Insurance Co. Gets Times Sq. Offices; the Prudential Leases Large Executive Quarters in the Paramount Building". The New York Times. March 19, 1935. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Pictures: Quick Rent Adjustments Sought By Publix Rec'ver—Avoid Closings". Variety. Vol. 109, no. 10. February 14, 1933. p. 23. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1529020774.
- ^ "Ask Quick Deposit of Film Securities; Paramount Publix Committees Urge Action Before Court Hearing on March 17". The New York Times. February 20, 1933. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Pictures: Par Saving H. O. Rent". Variety. Vol. 110, no. 13. June 6, 1933. p. 11. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1475949734.
- ^ "Holders of Paramount Building Bonds Achieve Reorganization". New York Herald Tribune. May 1, 1934. p. 25. ProQuest 1114850703.
- ^ "Paramount Plan Meets Approval". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 1, 1934. p. 29. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ "Pictures: Par Makes a DoIlar-for-DoIlar Exchange with Par B'way Corp. For $8,875,000 in Defaulted Bonds". Variety. Vol. 114, no. 8. May 8, 1934. p. 6. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1475812301.
- ^ "Paramount Building in Tax Suit". The New York Times. June 7, 1934. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Reorganization Sought For Paramount Building: Publix Corp. Trustees Ask Power to Put Plan Into Effect". New York Herald Tribune. August 3, 1934. p. 29. ProQuest 1221674050.
- ^ "Paramount Publix Opposed in Shift; Reorganization Scored by Bondholders, Who Assail Lease of Building in Times Sq". The New York Times. August 10, 1934. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Paramount Publix Wins Court to Plan; Reorganization First to Be Effected for Big Company Under Section 77b". The New York Times. April 5, 1935. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ a b "Paramount Closes Its Doors as a Movie House; Theater on Times Square Since 1926 Goes Dark in Real Estate Deal". The New York Times. August 5, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Stevenson, L.L. (August 30, 1935). "Daily Lights of New York". Binghamton Press. p. 20. ProQuest 2042771519.
- ^ "Paramount Broadway Corp. Shows $254,374 Loss in 1937". Wall Street Journal. March 5, 1938. p. 2. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 130434944.
- ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 9.
- ^ "Skyscrapers Rush Plans for Air Raid Safety: Tenants Told Where to Go. Floor Wardens Named; Some Interiors Altered". New York Herald Tribune. December 12, 1941. p. 22A. ProQuest 1266896063.
- ^ "Skyscrapers Ready. For Air-raid Alarms; Preparations for Blackouts and Damage Reported". The New York Times. December 12, 1941. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Alertness Awards Go to 37 Buildings; Structures Are Singled Out for Air Raid Precautions". The New York Times. November 13, 1943. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "1,400 Offices to Aid Scrap Paper Drive". New York Daily News. May 18, 1944. p. 336. ISSN 2692-1251. ProQuest 2286514164.
- ^ "Office Buildings Increase Paper Salvage; Weekly Collections From Homes Go Down". The New York Times. May 18, 1944. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Paramount Profit $16,488,106 in 1944; Figures Compared With Those of $16,140,821 in 1943 Were Equal to $4.39 a Share". The New York Times. May 3, 1945. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Pictures: Par Would Sell Its Times Square Home Office Bldg". Variety. Vol. 172, no. 1. September 8, 1948. pp. 3, 22. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1285931464.
- ^ "Time is of Paramount Importance". New York Daily News. May 25, 1949. p. 778. ISSN 2692-1251. ProQuest 2288696856.
- ^ "Paramount Board Approves Plan of Reorganization: Two New Companies Would Be Formed to Separate Production, Theatres Stockholders to Vote April 12". Wall Street Journal. March 7, 1949. p. 5. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 131893954.
- ^ Pryor, Thomas M. (February 26, 1949). "Paramount Split Will Be Tax Free; New Theatre Company to Have $12,500,000 Credit for Purchase of Houses". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Paramount Gets Loan of $9,000,000; $7,000,000 Mortgage Put on Times Sq. Building, Part of New Company's Financing". The New York Times. September 14, 1950. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Prudential Insurance Lends $9 Million to Paramount Pictures Unit". Wall Street Journal. September 15, 1950. p. 16. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 131852462.
- ^ "Goldenson Heads ABC-UPT Merger; FCC Gives Okay". The Hollywood Reporter. Vol. 123, no. 3. February 10, 1953. pp. 1, 16. ProQuest 2322693542.
- ^ Gordon, Allison (February 10, 1953). "ABC and Paramount Theaters Get F. C. C. Approval of Merger". New York Herald Tribune. p. 1. ProQuest 1319921120.
- ^ "Ambitious ABC Planning Initiated Under New Merged Ownership" (PDF). Broadcasting Telecasting. Vol. 44, no. 7. February 16, 1953. pp. 27–29. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
- ^ "Times Sq. Losing Two Landmarks; Paramount Building Child's and Walgreen's Drugstore at 44th St. Closing". The New York Times. January 5, 1957. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Pictures: UPT HQ Quits Times Sq, For ABC's West 66 St". Variety. Vol. 214, no. 7. April 15, 1959. p. 4. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 964053703.
- ^ a b "Zeckendorf Sets Paramount Deal; Webb & Knapp Is Planning to Close Movie Theater". The New York Times. June 10, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Webb & Knapp Purchase". The Daily Item. June 10, 1964. p. 49. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Webb & Knapp Trustee Gets Court to Halt Sale Of Paramount Building: He Asserts New York Structure Was Being Held by Syndicate As Collateral on Loan to Unit". Wall Street Journal. June 4, 1965. p. 6. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 133027868.
- ^ "Sale of Paramount Postponed a Week". The New York Times. September 4, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Pictures: Paramount Pictures Stays Put at H.O. Regardless of Zeckendorf's Action". Variety. Vol. 236, no. 5. September 23, 1964. p. 5. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 962816910.
- ^ "Safe of Paramount Building To Webb & Knapp Delayed". The New York Times. September 10, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Webb-Knapp Gets Extension". Wall Street Journal. September 10, 1964. p. 13. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 132911624.
- ^ "Paramount Building Sale To Webb & Knapp Put Off". The New York Times. October 10, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Close of Webb & Knapp Purchase of Paramount Building Extended Again". Wall Street Journal. October 12, 1964. p. 4. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 132903356.
- ^ "Auction Scatters Paramount's Art: Treasures Get New Owners as Far Off as Texas". The New York Times. November 22, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Webb-Knapp 'Affiliate' Buys New York City's Paramount Building: Purchase, Involving $10.5 Million, Is Part of Real Estate Firm's Plan to Ease Financial Strains". Wall Street Journal. December 10, 1964. p. 6. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 132902133.
- ^ "Paramount Building Goes to Zeckendorf After a Long Delay". The New York Times. December 10, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "More Music Is Due at Paramount As Impresario Leases Theater". The New York Times. March 1, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "New Role Ending for Paramount; Stage-screen Programs Fail to Sustain Operation". The New York Times. June 3, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Pictures: Evelyn Sharp, Hotelier, Will Renovate Paramount Bldg, a la Zeckendorf". Variety. Vol. 239, no. 1. May 26, 1965. p. 22. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 964066971.
- ^ Robbins, William (May 19, 1965). "Renovation Set for Paramount; Building Has Been Sold to a Former Hotel Owner". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Fowler, Glenn (May 19, 1965). "Zeckendorf Loses Realty Control; Caplin Is Trustee; Reorganization Is Ordered Under Bankruptcy Law – Ex-tax Chief Named Zeckendorf Loses His Realty Control". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Webb & Knapp Trustee Files Under Chapter 10 To Reorganize 6 Units: Caplin Seeks to Finish Washington Sale, Block Sale of Collateral, Stall Paramount Building Sale". Wall Street Journal. May 28, 1965. p. 12. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 133033271.
- ^ "Caplin May Fight Paramount Deal; Transfer of Building's Title Is Put Off Pending Study". The New York Times. June 2, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Phalon, Richard (June 11, 1965). "Caplin Is Seeking Pact on Theater; Webb & Knapp Trustee in Bid for Paramount Accord Caplin Is Seeking Pact on Theater". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Robbins, William (July 8, 1965). "New Sale Likely for Paramount; Landmark on Times Square May Soon Be on Market Paramount Building to Be Put on the Market Here Once More". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Webb-Knapp Trustee Gets Plan Cleared For Sale of Building: Judge Paves the Way for Public Auction of Paramount Building Or a Private Sale to Investor". Wall Street Journal. July 16, 1965. p. 24. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 133006620.
- ^ "Paramount Auction Planned for Aug. 31". The New York Times. July 17, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Webb & Knapp Trustee Fails to Auction Off The Paramount Building: But Caplin Moves Forward a Bit On Plan for Washington Sale, St. Louis Foreclosure Accord". Wall Street Journal. September 9, 1965. p. 9. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 132993976.
- ^ Fowler, Glenn (September 9, 1965). "Court Approves Paramount Sale; Rosenthal's Bid Accepted – He May Reopen Theater". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Webb, Knapp Wins O.K. On Project Sale". The Sun. September 9, 1965. p. 40. ProQuest 539707229.
- ^ "ABC-Paramount Through the Years" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 77, no. 38. September 18, 1965. p. 48. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- ^ "Radio-Television: ABC Skyscraper Gets 3d Tenant, ABC Films". Variety. Vol. 241, no. 10. January 26, 1966. p. 33. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1014838621.
- ^ a b Teitel, Charles (January 11, 1984). "Pictures: Scene & Herd: 1501 Broadway". Variety. Vol. 313, no. 11. pp. 8, 30, 34. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1438401642.
- ^ "Pictures: B'way Paramount Itself Coes For Office Quarters". Variety. Vol. 241, no. 9. January 19, 1966. p. 21. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1017124528.
- ^ "Paramount Theatre Starts Reconverting to Offices". Boxoffice. Vol. 90, no. 15. January 30, 1967. pp. E1. ProQuest 1476078554.
- ^ Ennis, Thomas W. (June 25, 1967). "Hollow Shell Hides Remnants of Glory Of Old Paramount; Shell Remains of Glory of Old Paramount". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Ennis, Thomas W. (March 21, 1967). "News of Realty: Interests Sold; Ownership of the Paramount Building Is Changed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Pictures: Joe E. Levine Sells Par Bldg.%". Variety. Vol. 246, no. 2. March 1, 1967. p. 4. ISSN 0042-2738. ProQuest 1032438018.
- ^ Mooney, Richard E. (January 5, 1968). "New Bank Opens Here Amid Construction Fallout". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Cady, Steve (September 1, 1971). "OTB Opens Short Cut to Belmont With New Times Square Shop". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Fowler, Glenn (December 9, 1968). "News of Realty: Offices Set Mark: 9 Million Square Feet Built in Midtown This Year". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Fowler, Glenn (February 5, 1968). "News of Realty: Midtown Rental; Diagnostic Institute Obtains Paramount Building Office". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Mitgang, Herbert (August 8, 1981). "Trust Fund Keeps Live Music Alive". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Kennedy, Shawn G. (September 26, 1984). "About Real Estate; Times Sq. Project: Impact on the Area". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 1.
- ^ a b Dunlap, David W. (November 7, 1988). "5th Avenue's St. Regis Is Declared a Landmark". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
- ^ a b Grant, Peter (June 28, 1996). "A Paramount deal". New York Daily News. p. 516. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c Weber, Bruce (August 11, 1996). "Marquee Will Make Comeback In the Paramount's Restoration". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b c Dunlap, David W. (June 29, 1997). "The Sign Makers Turn Up the Wattage". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 20, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ a b Bagli, Charles V. (July 15, 1999). "Wrestlers and Accountants Now Take On Times Sq". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b c Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006). New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium. New York: Monacelli Press. p. 672. ISBN 978-1-58093-177-9. OCLC 70267065. OL 22741487M.
- ^ Holusha, John (October 24, 1998). "Commercial Property / Times Square; Underpinning the Revival, Feats of Engineering". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Bagli, Charles V. (December 27, 1998). "Novelty Gone, Theme Restaurants Are Tumbling". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Schoolman, Judith (August 4, 1999). "Pushing headlocks & stocks". New York Daily News. p. 770. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Scherer, Dave (September 2, 2000). "Hungry for WWF? Visit its restaurant". New York Daily News. p. 492. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Dunlap, David W. (May 21, 2000). "Postings: Debate Over Haughwout Building in Soho, the Parthenon of New York's Iron Age; On Broadway, an Awning Gap". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ "Down for the Count". New York Daily News. February 26, 2003. p. 22. ISSN 2692-1251. ProQuest 2259900135.
- ^ Rothstein, Mervyn (January 23, 2005). "A Crossroads for Restaurants". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Lueck, Thomas J. (November 19, 2004). "Metro Briefing; New York: Manhattan: Hard Rock Cafe To Move". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Croghan, Lore (November 18, 2004). "High Cost of Energy Lifts Prices". New York Daily News. p. 42. ISSN 2692-1251. ProQuest 305919011.
- ^ Clarke, Katherine (September 10, 2012). "Ben & Jerry's inks lease in Times Square". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Rubinstein, Dana (February 7, 2011). "Yankees Take Storefront in Times Square". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ "Paramount Building slated for $50M makeover". The Real Deal New York. April 22, 2013. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ "What's the Deal". Wall Street Journal. April 22, 2013. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on June 21, 2013. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Guerre, Liam La (May 6, 2016). "The Plan: Paramount Building Undergoing a Modern Transformation". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b "Newmark Reveals Next Phase of Upgrades for The Paramount Building at 1501 Broadway in Times Square". New York YIMBY. December 7, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b Baird-Remba, Rebecca (December 3, 2020). "The Historic Paramount Building in Times Square Gets a Facelift". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ a b "LMC completes $50 million renovation of Paramount Building; Fifield Piaker Elman was architect of the capital improvement project". NYREJ. January 22, 2019. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ "AY closes on 72,000 s/f in leases at upgraded Paramount". Real Estate Weekly. December 6, 2018. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Kim, Betsy (November 6, 2018). "Paramount Building Signs Leases with Four Tenants". GlobeSt. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ Baird-Remba, Rebecca (November 2, 2018). "Schools, Musicians Union, Engineers Ink Deals at Paramount Building". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ "JP Morgan funds $200M loan on the Paramount Building". Real Estate Weekly. January 8, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ Brown, Mariah (January 3, 2020). "Levin and Rosemark Land $200M Loan for Paramount Building". GlobeSt. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- ^ Rizzi, Nicholas (June 23, 2022). "Ticketing Platform TodayTix Relocating to 10K SF in Paramount Building". Commercial Observer. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
- ^ Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987, p. 513.
- ^ Mujica, Francisco (1977) [1929]. History of the skyscraper. New York: Da Capo Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-306-70862-6. OCLC 715779257. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Brock, H. i (October 13, 1929). "Water Tanks on the Skyline Now Do Service to Beauty; In Many of the New Tall Buildings the Tower for the Reservoir Has Become the Dominant Note of the Architectural Scheme". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ a b Mumford, Lewis (December 22, 1926). "Magnified Impotence". The New Republic. Vol. 49. pp. 138–140.
- ^ Chappell, George S. (T-Square) (November 27, 1926). "The Sky Line". The New Yorker. Vol. 2. pp. 80–82. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Shepard, Richard F. (February 5, 1987). "Times Square: Trying to Keep the Panache". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- ^ Kugel, Seth (August 20, 2006). "In and Around Times Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
Sources
[edit]- Paramount Building (PDF) (Report). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 1, 1988.
- Robins, Anthony W. (2017). New York Art Deco: A Guide to Gotham's Jazz Age Architecture. Excelsior Editions. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-6396-4. OCLC 953576510.
- "Paramount Theater and Office Building, Times Square, New York". American Architect. Vol. 130. July 5, 1926. pp. 17–20. hdl:2027/mdp.39015082487896.
- "The Paramount Building". Architecture and Building. Vol. 49, no. 7. July 1927. pp. 217, 221–224. hdl:2027/mdp.39015086650929.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- "The Paramount Building and the Paramount Theater". Architecture and Building. Vol. 49, no. 1. January 1927. pp. 3–4, 7. hdl:2027/mdp.39015086650929.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987). New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars. New York: Rizzoli. ISBN 978-0-8478-3096-1. OCLC 13860977.
External links
[edit]- Official website
- 1501 Broadway at NYC Architecture