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{{Short description|Chemical compound, a silicate of Zirconium}}
{{redirect|Ultrox|the television character|Alien Racers}}
{{redirect|Ultrox|the television character|Alien Racers}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Chembox
{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 470637975
| verifiedrevid = 470637975
| PIN = Zirconium(IV) silicate
| PIN = Zirconium(IV) silicate
| SystematicName = Zirconium(4+) silicate
| SystematicName = Zirconium(4+) silicate
| ImageFile = ZrSiO4 (CollCode96090.png
| OtherNames = Zircon<br />
| OtherNames = Zircon<br />
Zirconium(4+) orthosilicate<br />
Zirconium(4+) orthosilicate<br />
Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate
Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 10101-52-7
| CASNo = 10101-52-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N}}
| StdInChIKey = GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| O=4 | Si=1 | Zr=1
| O=4 | Si=1 | Zr=1
| Appearance = Colourless crystals
| Appearance = Colourless crystals
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| MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes)
| MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes)
}}
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = tetragonal
| CrystalStruct = tetragonal
}}
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = -2044 kJ/mol
| DeltaHf = −2044 kJ/mol
| HeatCapacity = 98.3 J/mol K
| HeatCapacity = 98.3 J/mol K
}}
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [https://web.archive.org/web/20061111081325/http://www.espimetals.com/msds's/zirconiumsilicate.pdf MSDS]
| ExternalSDS = [https://web.archive.org/web/20061111081325/http://www.espimetals.com/msds's/zirconiumsilicate.pdf MSDS]
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
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| NFPA-R = 1
| NFPA-R = 1
}}
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions =
| OtherAnions =
| OtherCations =
| OtherCations =
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Zirconium silicate is usually colorless, but impurities induce various colorations. It is insoluble in water, acids, alkali and [[aqua regia]]. Hardness is 7.5 on the [[Mohs scale]].<ref>{{cite book| page= 1002| title =Handbook of inorganic chemicals| author= P. Patnaik| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional| year = 2002| isbn = 0-07-049439-8| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Xqj-TTzkvTEC}}</ref>
Zirconium silicate is usually colorless, but impurities induce various colorations. It is insoluble in water, acids, alkali and [[aqua regia]]. Hardness is 7.5 on the [[Mohs scale]].<ref>{{cite book| page= 1002| title =Handbook of inorganic chemicals| author= P. Patnaik| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional| year = 2002| isbn = 0-07-049439-8| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Xqj-TTzkvTEC}}</ref>

==Structure and bonding==
Zircon consists of 8-coordinated Zr<sup>4+</sup> centers linked to tetrahedral orthosilicate SiO<sub>4</sub><sup>4-</sup> sites. The oxygen atoms are all triply bridging, each with the environment OZr<sub>2</sub>Si. Given its highly crosslinked structure, the material is hard, and hence prized as gemstone and abrasive.

Zr(IV) is a d<sup>0</sup> ion. Consequently the material is colorless and diamagnetic.


==Production==
==Production==
Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as mineral [[zircon]]. Concentrated sources of zircon are rare. It is mined from sand deposits and separated by gravity. Some sands contain a few percent of zircon.<ref name=Ullmann>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/14356007.a28_543|chapter=Zirconium and Zirconium Compounds|title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|year=2000|last1=Nielsen|first1=Ralph|isbn=3527306730}}</ref>
{{unref|section|date=January 2017}}
{{seealso|Chernobylite}}
Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as mineral [[zircon]]. Ore is mined from natural deposits and concentrated by various techniques. It is separated from sand by [[electrostatic]] and [[Electromagnetic force|electromagnetic]] methods.


It can also be synthesized by fusion of [[silicon dioxide|SiO<sub>2</sub>]] and [[zirconium oxide|ZrO<sub>2</sub>]] in an arc furnace, or by reacting a zirconium salt with [[sodium silicate]] in an aqueous solution.
It can also be synthesized by fusion of [[silicon dioxide|SiO<sub>2</sub>]] and [[zirconium oxide|ZrO<sub>2</sub>]] in an arc furnace, or by reacting a zirconium salt with [[sodium silicate]] in an aqueous solution.


==Uses==
==Uses==
Zirconium silicate is used for manufacturing [[refractory material]]s for applications where resistance to [[corrosion]] by [[alkali]] materials is required. It is also used in production of some [[ceramic]]s, [[Vitreous enamel|enamels]], and [[ceramic glaze]]s. In enamels and glazes it serves as an [[opacifier]]. It can be also present in some [[cement]]s. Another use of zirconium silicate is as beads for [[Mill (grinding)|milling]] and [[grinding (abrasive cutting)|grinding]]. [[Thin film]]s of zirconium silicate and [[hafnium silicate]] produced by [[chemical vapor deposition]], most often [[MOCVD]], can be used as a [[high-k dielectric]] as a replacement for [[silicon dioxide]] in semiconductors.<ref name="hand">
As of 1995, the annual consumption of zirconium silicate was nearly 1M tons. The major applications exploit its refractory nature and resistance to [[corrosion]] by [[alkali]] materials.<ref name=Ullmann/> Two end-uses are for [[Vitreous enamel|enamels]], and [[ceramic glaze]]s. In enamels and glazes it serves as an [[opacifier]]. It can be also present in some [[cement]]s.
⚫
{{Cite book | last = Lide | first = David R. | year = 1998 | title = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 87 | location = Boca Raton, FL | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 0-8493-0594-2 | pages = 4–96}}</ref>


Another use of zirconium silicate is as beads for [[Mill (grinding)|milling]] and [[grinding (abrasive cutting)|grinding]].
⚫
Zirconium silicates have also been studied for potential use in medical applications. For example, [[ZS-9]] is a zirconium silicate that was designed specifically to trap potassium [[ions]] over other ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.<ref>[https://archive.is/20140314040817/http://www.zspharma.com/ZS-9.html ]</ref> It is undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of [[hyperkalemia]].{{cn|date=March 2017}}

[[Thin film]]s of zirconium silicate and [[hafnium silicate]] produced by [[chemical vapor deposition]], most often [[MOCVD]], can be used as a [[high-k dielectric]] as a replacement for [[silicon dioxide]] in semiconductors.<ref name="hand">
⚫
{{Cite book | last = Lide | first = David R. | year = 1998 | title = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 87 | location = Boca Raton, FL | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 0-8493-0594-2 | pages = 4–96}}</ref>


⚫
Zirconium silicates have also been studied for potential use in medical applications. For example, [[ZS-9]] is a zirconium silicate that was designed specifically to trap potassium [[ions]] over other ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zspharma.com/ZS-9.html |title=ZS Pharma Inc |website=www.zspharma.com |access-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140314040817/http://www.zspharma.com/ZS-9.html |archive-date=14 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Zirconium disilicate is used in some [[Crown (dentistry)|dental crowns]] because of its hardness and because it is chemically nonreactive.{{cn|date=January 2017}}


==Toxicity==
==Toxicity==
Zirconium silicate is an abrasive irritant for skin and eyes. Chronic exposure to dust can cause pulmonary [[granuloma]]s, skin inflammation, and skin granuloma.<ref name=MSDS>{{cite web|url=http://www.espimetals.com/msds%27s/zirconiumsilicate.pdf |title=Zirconium silicate MSDS |accessdate=June 6, 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111081325/http://www.espimetals.com/msds's/zirconiumsilicate.pdf |archivedate=November 11, 2006 }}</ref> However, there are no known adverse effects for normal, incidental ingestion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agsco.com/MSDS/Zirconium%20Silicate.pdf |title=Material Safety Data Sheet |website=Agsco.com |accessdate=2017-01-18}}</ref>
Zirconium silicate is an abrasive irritant for skin and eyes. Chronic exposure to dust can cause pulmonary [[granuloma]]s, skin inflammation, and skin granuloma.<ref name=MSDS>{{cite web|url=http://www.espimetals.com/msds%27s/zirconiumsilicate.pdf |title=Zirconium silicate MSDS |access-date=June 6, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111081325/http://www.espimetals.com/msds's/zirconiumsilicate.pdf |archive-date=November 11, 2006 }}</ref> However, there are no known adverse effects for normal, incidental ingestion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agsco.com/MSDS/Zirconium%20Silicate.pdf |title=Material Safety Data Sheet |website=Agsco.com |access-date=2017-01-18}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{Zirconium compounds}}
{{Zirconium compounds}}


[[Category:Group 4 silicates]]
[[Category:Silicates]]
[[Category:Zirconium compounds]]
[[Category:Zirconium(IV) compounds]]
[[Category:Refractory materials]]
[[Category:Refractory materials]]
[[Category:High-k dielectrics]]
[[Category:High-κ dielectrics]]

Latest revision as of 22:06, 3 January 2024

"Ultrox" redirects here. For the television character, see Alien Racers.

Zirconium(IV) silicate
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Zirconium(IV) silicate
Systematic IUPAC name
Zirconium(4+) silicate
Other names
Zircon

Zirconium(4+) orthosilicate

Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.216 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 233-252-7
MeSH Zircon
UNII
  • InChI=1S/O4Si.Zr/c1-5(2,3)4;/q-4;+4 ☒N
    Key: GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☒N
  • [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-]
Properties
O4SiZr
Molar mass 183.305 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless crystals
Density 4.56 g cm−3
Melting point 1,540 °C (2,800 °F; 1,810 K) (decomposes)
Structure
tetragonal
Thermochemistry
98.3 J/mol K
−2044 kJ/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
0
1
Flash point Non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS) MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Zirconium silicate, also zirconium orthosilicate, ZrSiO4, is a chemical compound, a silicate of zirconium. It occurs in nature as zircon, a silicate mineral. Powdered zirconium silicate is also known as zircon flour.

Zirconium silicate is usually colorless, but impurities induce various colorations. It is insoluble in water, acids, alkali and aqua regia. Hardness is 7.5 on the Mohs scale.[1]

Structure and bonding[edit]

Zircon consists of 8-coordinated Zr4+ centers linked to tetrahedral orthosilicate SiO44- sites. The oxygen atoms are all triply bridging, each with the environment OZr2Si. Given its highly crosslinked structure, the material is hard, and hence prized as gemstone and abrasive.

Zr(IV) is a d0 ion. Consequently the material is colorless and diamagnetic.

Production[edit]

Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as mineral zircon. Concentrated sources of zircon are rare. It is mined from sand deposits and separated by gravity. Some sands contain a few percent of zircon.[2]

It can also be synthesized by fusion of SiO2 and ZrO2 in an arc furnace, or by reacting a zirconium salt with sodium silicate in an aqueous solution.

Uses[edit]

As of 1995, the annual consumption of zirconium silicate was nearly 1M tons. The major applications exploit its refractory nature and resistance to corrosion by alkali materials.[2] Two end-uses are for enamels, and ceramic glazes. In enamels and glazes it serves as an opacifier. It can be also present in some cements.

Another use of zirconium silicate is as beads for milling and grinding.

Thin films of zirconium silicate and hafnium silicate produced by chemical vapor deposition, most often MOCVD, can be used as a high-k dielectric as a replacement for silicon dioxide in semiconductors.[3]

Zirconium silicates have also been studied for potential use in medical applications. For example, ZS-9 is a zirconium silicate that was designed specifically to trap potassium ions over other ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.[4]

Toxicity[edit]

Zirconium silicate is an abrasive irritant for skin and eyes. Chronic exposure to dust can cause pulmonary granulomas, skin inflammation, and skin granuloma.[5] However, there are no known adverse effects for normal, incidental ingestion.[6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ P. Patnaik (2002). Handbook of inorganic chemicals. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 1002. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.
  2. ^ a b Nielsen, Ralph (2000). "Zirconium and Zirconium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a28_543. ISBN 3527306730.
  3. ^ Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 4–96. ISBN 0-8493-0594-2.
  4. ^ "ZS Pharma Inc". www.zspharma.com. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
  5. ^ "Zirconium silicate MSDS" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 11, 2006. Retrieved June 6, 2009.
  6. ^ "Material Safety Data Sheet" (PDF). Agsco.com. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zirconium(IV)_silicate&diff=1193450085&oldid=979696056

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