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→‎Hotels overcharging: ok, a good chunk of this section is completely UNDUE, cherry picked negative facts etc. but whatevr. This particular piece is so brazenly stupid however I'm going to remove it
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====Protests====
====Protests====
The [[FEMEN]] group which became internationally known for organizing [[topless protest]]s against [[international marriage agencies]], sexism and other international ills protested against what they argue are moves being made by the [[Ukrainian government]] to legalise [[prostitution]] during the championships.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine women go topless against UEFA, prostitution|url=http://bikyamasr.com/50158/ukraine-women-go-topless-against-uefa-prostitution/|date=3 November 2011}}</ref> The group asked UEFA and the Ukrainian government to create a social program devoted to the problem of [[sex tourism]] and [[prostitution in Ukraine]]; to inform football fans that prostitution is illegal in Ukraine; and to take additional steps to fight against prostitution and sex tourism.<ref>{{cite news |title=Euro 2012 Without Prostitution: Femen Activists Go Topless Against UEFA|url=http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/11012768/content/88682764-ukrainian-police-arrest-protesters-of-women-activist-group-femen-during-a-demonstration|date=2 December 2011}}</ref>
The [[FEMEN]] group which became internationally known for organizing [[topless protest]]s against [[international marriage agencies]], sexism and other international ills protested against what they argue are moves being made by the [[Ukrainian government]] to legalise [[prostitution]] during the championships.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine women go topless against UEFA, prostitution|url=http://bikyamasr.com/50158/ukraine-women-go-topless-against-uefa-prostitution/|date=3 November 2011}}</ref> The group asked UEFA and the Ukrainian government to create a social program devoted to the problem of [[sex tourism]] and [[prostitution in Ukraine]]; to inform football fans that prostitution is illegal in Ukraine; and to take additional steps to fight against prostitution and sex tourism.<ref>{{cite news |title=Euro 2012 Without Prostitution: Femen Activists Go Topless Against UEFA|url=http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/11012768/content/88682764-ukrainian-police-arrest-protesters-of-women-activist-group-femen-during-a-demonstration|date=2 December 2011}}</ref>

====Hotels overcharging====
In April 2012, while on an inspection trip to the host city of [[Lviv]], UEFA president Michel Platini labelled hoteliers as "bandits and crooks" for raising hotel prices in Ukraine for Euro 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=UEFA complains about high Ukraine hotel prices|url=http://kiev.org.uk/uefa-complains-about-high-ukraine-hotel-prices/|date=12 April 2012}}</ref> And hotel owners in Ukraine have been persuaded to lower their rates after accusations of price gouging. Markian Lubkivsky, head of the Euro 2012 organizing committee in Ukraine, said hotel and hostel prices are no longer "critically" inflated.<ref>{{cite news |title=Euro 2012 hotel prices brought to norm in Ukraine|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/04/19/2757226/euro-2012-hotel-prices-brought.html |work=Miami Herald|date=19 April 2012}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 14:20, 30 May 2012

This article is about the sporting event. For the video game based on this event, see UEFA Euro 2012 (video game).
UEFA Euro 2012
Mistrzostwa Europy w piłce nożnej 2012 Template:Pl icon
Чемпіонат Європи з футболу 2012 Template:Uk icon
UEFA Euro 2012 official logo
Tournament details
Host countriesPoland
Ukraine
Dates8 June – 1 July
Teams16
Venue(s)8 (in 8 host cities)
← 2008
2016 →
Countdown to opening of championships (Lviv, Ukraine)
Goats – symbol of Poznan occasionally dressed in Euro2012 flags

The 2012 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as Euro 2012, will be the 14th European Championship for national football teams organised by UEFA. The final tournament will be hosted by Poland and Ukraine between 8 June and 1 July 2012. It is the first time that either nation has hosted the tournament. This bid was chosen by UEFA's Executive Committee in 2007.[1]

The final tournament features 16 nations, the last European Championship to do so (from Euro 2016 onward, there will be 24 finalists). Qualification was contested by 51 nations between August 2010 and November 2011 to join the two host nations in the tournament. The winner of the tournament gains automatic entry to the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup hosted by Brazil.[2]

Host selection

Main article: UEFA Euro 2012 bids

The joint Poland–Ukraine bid was chosen by a vote of the UEFA Executive Committee at a meeting in Cardiff on 18 April 2007, defeating both Italy and a Croatia–Hungary bid.[1] Poland–Ukraine became the third successful joint bid for the European Championship, after those of Belgium–Netherlands (2000) and Austria–Switzerland (2008). Italy had been considered favourites to win the hosting but incidents of fan violence and a match fixing scandal were widely cited as factors behind their failure.[3][4][5]

Venues

Eight cities have been selected by UEFA as host venues. In a return to the format used at Euro 1992, Euro 1996 and Euro 2008, each of the four groups will be based around two stadiums each.

The host cities Warsaw, Gdańsk, Wrocław, Poznań, Kiev, Lviv are all popular tourist destinations, unlike Donetsk and Kharkiv (the latter having replaced Dnipropetrovsk as a host city in 2009).[6]

The obligatory improvement of the football infrastructure includes the building of new stadiums: six of the eight venues are brand new stadiums currently being constructed ready to open in advance of the tournament; the remaining two (in Poznań and Kharkiv) have undergone major renovations to improve them.[7][8] Three of the stadiums will fulfill the criteria of UEFA's highest category stadiums.

Stadiums

Warsaw Gdańsk Wrocław Poznań
National Stadium
Capacity: 58,500[9] 		PGE Arena
Capacity: 43,600[10] 		Municipal Stadium
Capacity: 42,800[11] 		Municipal Stadium
Capacity: 43,300[12]
3 matches in Group A
Opening match, Quarter-final, Semi-final 		3 matches in Group C
Quarter-final 		3 matches in Group A 3 matches in Group C
File:Stadionmiejskipoznan.png
Kiev Donetsk Kharkiv Lviv
Olympic Stadium
Capacity: 60,000[13] 		Donbass Arena
Capacity: 50,000[14] 		Metalist Stadium
Capacity: 35,000[15] 		Arena Lviv
Capacity: 30,000[16]
3 matches in Group D
Quarter-final, Final 		3 matches in Group D
Quarter-final, Semi-final 		3 matches in Group B 3 matches in Group B
File:Estadio Olímpico de Kiev 2011.jpg File:Donezk Donbass Arena 01.JPG File:Metallist Stadium Facade.jpg File:Арена Львів у грудні 2011.jpg

Note: Capacity figures are those for matches at UEFA Euro 2012 and are not necessarily the total capacity that the stadium is capable of holding.

Team bases

The host cities in Poland and Ukraine (with team bases marked by orange)

In addition to the eight host cities, Euro 2012 will also include other places – referred to as Team Base Camps – that act as the accommodation and training bases for the teams. After an initial list of 38 potential base camps (21 in Poland, 17 in Ukraine) was distributed by UEFA in September 2010,[17] the national associations then chose their locations during 2011; 13 will stay in Poland and 3 in Ukraine in the following towns:[18]

These bases will be the initial destination for all teams upon arrival in the Poland/Ukraine. The teams will then both train and reside in these locations throughout the tournament, traveling to games staged away from their bases.

Qualification

Main article: UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying
Qualification: Germany v Austria (2–1)

The draw for the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying competition took place in Warsaw on 7 February 2010.[19] 51 teams entered to compete for the 14 remaining places in the finals, alongside co-hosts Poland and Ukraine. These teams were divided into nine groups, with the draw using the new UEFA national team coefficient for the first time in order to determine the seedings.

The qualifying process began in August 2010 and concluded in November 2011. At the conclusion of the qualifying group stage in October 2011, the nine group winners qualified automatically, with the second placed team with the best ranking also doing so. The remaining eight teams who finished second in their respective groups contested two-legged play-offs, with the winner of each tie qualifying for the finals.

Participating teams

The finals will feature sixteen national teams, as has been the format since 1996. Some European football associations were in favour of expanding the tournament to 24 teams, although the number of UEFA members had hardly increased since the last tournament extension in 1996 (53 in April 2006 compared to 48 for Euro 1996).[20] In April 2007, UEFA's Executive Committee formally decided against an expansion for 2012.[21]

  Euro 2012 hosts – Poland & Ukraine
  The defending champions
  Qualified
  Failed to qualify
  Country is not a UEFA member

Twelve of the sixteen finalists participated at the previous tournament in 2008, with England and Denmark returning having last participated in 2004. The Republic of Ireland return after an absence of 24 years to make their second appearance at a European finals. One of the co-hosts, Ukraine, make their debut as an independent nation, having previously won the inaugural competition in 1960 as part of the Soviet Union.

Euro 2008 winners Spain have qualified to defend their title. They will compete to win an unprecedented third consecutive major tournament, having won both UEFA Euro 2008 and the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

The sixteen finalists who will participate in the final tournament are:

Final draw

Further information: UEFA Euro 2012 seeding

The draw for the final tournament took place on 2 December 2011 at the Ukraine Palace of Arts in Kiev, Ukraine.[22][23] The hour-long ceremony was hosted by Olga Freimut and Piotr Sobczyński, television presenters from the two host countries.

As was the case for the 2004 and 2008 finals, the sixteen finalists were divided into four seeding pots, using the UEFA national team coefficient ranking.[24] As co-hosts, Poland and Ukraine were automatically placed in Pot 1, along with Spain, as the defending champions.[25]

In the draw procedure, each of the four groups had one team drawn from each pot. It also determined which place in the group teams drawn from Pots 2–4 would take (i.e. A2, A3 or A4) to create the match schedule.[25] For logistical reasons, Poland were assigned in advance to A1, and Ukraine to D1.[26] The balls were drawn by four former players who have each been part of European Championship winning teams: Horst Hrubesch, Marco van Basten, Peter Schmeichel and Zinedine Zidane.

Pot 1 Pot 2 Pot 3 Pot 4

Match officials

UEFA named the twelve referees and four fourth officials for UEFA Euro 2012 on 20 December 2011.[27][28] Each team is made up of five match officials from the same country: one main referee, two additional assistant referees who are also FIFA referees, and two FIFA assistant referees. In addition, a third assistant referee from each country has also been named, and he will remain on standby until the start of the tournament to take the place of a colleague if required.[29] Continuing the trials carried out in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League, the two additional assistant referees will be used on the goal line for the first time in the history of the UEFA European Championship with approval from the International Football Association Board.[27]

Country Referee Assistant referees Additional assistant referees
England England Howard Webb Michael Mullarkey
Peter Kirkup
Stephen Child (standby) 		Martin Atkinson
Mark Clattenburg
France France Stéphane Lannoy Eric Dansault
Frédéric Cano
Michael Annonier (standby) 		Fredy Fautrel
Ruddy Buquet
Germany Germany Wolfgang Stark Jan-Hendrik Salver
Mike Pickel
Mark Borsch (standby) 		Florian Meyer
Deniz Aytekin
Hungary Hungary Viktor Kassai Gábor Erős
György Ring
Róbert Kispál (standby) 		István Vad
Tamás Bognár
Italy Italy Nicola Rizzoli Renato Faverani
Andrea Stefani
Luca Maggiani (standby) 		Gianluca Rocchi
Paolo Tagliavento
Netherlands Netherlands Björn Kuipers Sander van Roekel
Erwin Zeinstra
Norbertus Simons (standby) 		Pol van Boekel
Richard Liesveld
Portugal Portugal Pedro Proença Bertino Miranda
Ricardo Santos
Tiago Trigo (standby) 		Jorge Sousa
Duarte Gomes
Scotland Scotland Craig Thomson Alasdair Ross
Derek Rose
Graham Chambers (standby) 		William Collum
Euan Norris
Slovenia Slovenia Damir Skomina Primoz Arhar
Marko Stancin
Matej Žunič (standby) 		Matej Jug
Slavko Vinčič
Spain Spain Carlos Velasco Carballo Roberto Alonso Fernández
Juan Carlos Yuste Jiménez
Jesús Calvo Guadamuro (standby) 		David Fernández Borbalán
Carlos Clos Gómez
Sweden Sweden Jonas Eriksson Stefan Wittberg
Mathias Klasenius
Fredrik Nilsson (standby) 		Markus Strömbergsson
Stefan Johannesson
Turkey Turkey Cüneyt Çakır Bahattin Duran
Tarık Ongun
Mustafa Emre Eyisoy (standby) 		Hüseyin Göçek
Bülent Yıldırım

Four match officials which will only serve as fourth officials and four reserve assistant referees were also named.

Country Fourth official
Czech Republic Czech Republic Pavel Královec
Norway Norway Tom Harald Hagen
Poland Poland Marcin Borski
Ukraine Ukraine Viktor Shvetsov
Country Reserve assistant referee[28]
Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland Damien MacGraith
Poland Poland Marcin Borkowski
Slovakia Slovakia Roman Slysko
Ukraine Ukraine Oleksandr Voytyuk

Squads

Main article: UEFA Euro 2012 squads

Each nation has to submit a squad of 23 players, three of whom have to be goalkeepers, by 28 May 2012.

Group stage

Main article: UEFA Euro 2012 schedule

All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2) in Poland and Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+3) in Ukraine.

Tie-breaking criteria

If two or more teams are equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following criteria are applied to determine the rankings:[30]

  1. Higher number of points obtained in the matches played between the teams in question;
  2. Superior goal difference resulting from the matches played between the teams in question (if more than two teams finish equal on points);
  3. Higher number of goals scored in the matches played between the teams in question (if more than two teams finish equal on points);
  4. If, after having applied criteria 1) to 3), two teams still have an equal ranking, criteria 1) to 3) are reapplied exclusively to the matches between the two teams in question to determine the final rankings of the two teams. If this procedure does not lead to a decision, criteria 5) to 9) apply in the order given;[31]
  5. superior goal difference in all group matches;
  6. higher number of goals scored in all group matches;
  7. position in the UEFA national team coefficient ranking system
  8. fair play conduct of the teams (final tournament);
  9. drawing of lots
Key to colours in group tables
Top two teams progress to the quarter-finals
Bottom two teams are eliminated from the tournament

Group A

Main article: UEFA Euro 2012 Group A

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Czech Republic 3 2 0 1 4 5 −1 6 Advance to knockout stage
2  Greece 3 1 1 1 3 3 0 4[a]
3  Russia 3 1 1 1 5 3 +2 4[a]
4  Poland (H) 3 0 2 1 2 3 −1 2
Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
(H) Hosts
Notes:
  1. ^ a b Head-to-head result: Greece 1–0 Russia.
Poland 1–1 Greece
 Report
Attendance: 56,070[32]
Russia 4–1 Czech Republic
 Report
Attendance: 40,803[33]
Referee: Howard Webb (England)
Greece 1–2 Czech Republic
 Report
Attendance: 41,105[34]
Poland 1–1 Russia
 Report
Attendance: 55,920[35]
Czech Republic 1–0 Poland
 Report
Attendance: 41,480[36]
Greece 1–0 Russia
 Report
Attendance: 55,614[37]
8 June 2012
Poland  Match 1  Greece
Russia  Match 2  Czech Republic
12 June 2012
Greece  Match 9  Czech Republic
Poland  Match 10  Russia
16 June 2012
Czech Republic  Match 17  Poland
Greece  Match 18  Russia

Group B

Main article: UEFA Euro 2012 Group B

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Germany 3 3 0 0 5 2 +3 9 Advance to knockout stage
2  Portugal 3 2 0 1 5 4 +1 6
3  Denmark 3 1 0 2 4 5 −1 3
4  Netherlands 3 0 0 3 2 5 −3 0
Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
Netherlands 0–1 Denmark
Report
Attendance: 35,923[38]
Germany 1–0 Portugal
 Report
Attendance: 32,990[39]
Denmark 2–3 Portugal
 Report
Attendance: 31,840[40]
Netherlands 1–2 Germany
 Report
Attendance: 37,750[41]
Portugal 2–1 Netherlands
 Report
Attendance: 37,445[42]
Denmark 1–2 Germany
 Report
Attendance: 32,990[43]
9 June 2012
Netherlands  Match 3  Denmark
Germany  Match 4  Portugal
13 June 2012
Denmark  Match 11  Portugal
Netherlands  Match 12  Germany
17 June 2012
Portugal  Match 19  Netherlands
Denmark  Match 20  Germany

Group C

Main article: UEFA Euro 2012 Group C

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Spain 3 2 1 0 6 1 +5 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  Italy 3 1 2 0 4 2 +2 5
3  Croatia 3 1 1 1 4 3 +1 4
4  Republic of Ireland 3 0 0 3 1 9 −8 0
Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
Spain 1–1 Italy
 Report
Attendance: 38,869[44]
Republic of Ireland 1–3 Croatia
 Report
Attendance: 39,550[45]
Italy 1–1 Croatia
 Report
Attendance: 37,096[46]
Referee: Howard Webb (England)
Spain 4–0 Republic of Ireland
 Report
Attendance: 39,150[47]
Croatia 0–1 Spain
Report
Attendance: 39,076[48]
Italy 2–0 Republic of Ireland
 Report
Attendance: 38,794[49]
10 June 2012
Spain  Match 5  Italy
Republic of Ireland  Match 6  Croatia
14 June 2012
Italy  Match 13  Croatia
Spain  Match 14  Republic of Ireland
18 June 2012
Croatia  Match 21  Spain
Italy  Match 22  Republic of Ireland

Group D

Main article: UEFA Euro 2012 Group D

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  England 3 2 1 0 5 3 +2 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  France 3 1 1 1 3 3 0 4
3  Ukraine (H) 3 1 0 2 2 4 −2 3[a]
4  Sweden 3 1 0 2 5 5 0 3[a]
Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
(H) Hosts
Notes:
  1. ^ a b Head-to-head result: Ukraine 2–1 Sweden.
France 1–1 England
 Report
Attendance: 47,400[50]
Ukraine 2–1 Sweden
 Report
Attendance: 64,290[51]
Ukraine 0–2 France
Report
Attendance: 48,000[52]
Sweden 2–3 England
 Report
Attendance: 64,640[54]
England 1–0 Ukraine
 Report
Attendance: 48,700[55]
Sweden 2–0 France
 Report
Attendance: 63,010[56]
11 June 2012
France  Match 7  England
Ukraine  Match 8  Sweden
15 June 2012
Ukraine  Match 15  France
Sweden  Match 16  England
19 June 2012
England  Match 23  Ukraine
Sweden  Match 24  France

Knockout phase

Main article: UEFA Euro 2012 knockout stage
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
21 June – Warsaw
 
 
Winner of Group A
 
27 June – Donetsk
 
Runner-up of Group B
 
Winner of quarter-final 1
 
23 June – Donetsk
 
Winner of quarter-final 3
 
Winner of Group C
 
1 July – Kiev
 
Runner-up of Group D
 
Winner of semi-final 1
 
22 June – Gdańsk
 
Winner of semi-final 2
 
Winner of Group B
 
28 June – Warsaw
 
Runner-up of Group A
 
Winner of quarter-final 2
 
24 June – Kiev
 
Winner of quarter-final 4
 
Winner of Group D
 
 
Runner-up of Group C
 

Quarter-finals

Winner Group A Match 25 Runner-up Group B
Winner Group B Match 26 Runner-up Group A
Winner Group C Match 27 Runner-up Group D
Winner Group D Match 28 Runner-up Group C

Semi-finals

Winner Match 25 Match 29 Winner Match 27
Winner Match 26 Match 30 Winner Match 28

Final

Main article: UEFA Euro 2012 Final
Winner Match 29 Match 31 Winner Match 30

Broadcasting

See also: UEFA Euro 2012 broadcasting rights

TVP will be broadcasting all matches from Poland,[57] while the NTU and TRK will be broadcasting matches in Ukraine.[58]

In January 2012, it was announced that TP (Polish Telecom) and Orange had successfully completed the first phase of tests of the technology infrastructure and services to be provided during the competition to bring connectivity to over twenty locations in Poland (host cities, stadiums, hotels for UEFA representatives) and between Poland and Ukraine.[59]

According to UEFA requirements, TP will ensure approximately 2х70 Gbit/sec data communication speed from Polish stadiums and 2х140 Gbit/sec between Poland and Ukraine. This is required due to the fact that the matches are planned to be broadcast in HD quality.[60] The multilateral production will utilise 31 cameras to cover the action on and around the pitch at every match, with additional cameras following activities around the game, such as team arrivals at the stadiums, interviews, and media conferences.[61]

The official Euro 2012 broadcasting centre will be located at the Expo XXI International Centre in Warsaw.[60]

Miscellaneous

Logo and slogan

Logo of Euro 2012 made of flowers
File:UEFA Euro 2012 official logos.svg
Four official logos for the tournament

The competition slogan, Creating History Together (Polish: Razem tworzymy przyszłość, Ukrainian: Творимо історію разом / Tvorymo istoriyu razom), was announced along with the logo. The slogan reflects the fact that Poland and Ukraine were united in the past as one country and now represent ambitions of two eastern nations to perform the best tournament in the history of European Championship.[62]

The official logo for the tournament was unveiled at a special event at Mykhailivska Square, Kiev, on 14 December 2009. It takes its visual identity from Wycinanki or Vytynanky, traditional form of paper cutting practised in rural areas of Poland and Ukraine. The art form symbolises the nature of the rural areas of both countries.[62][63] As part of the event, landmark buildings in the eight host cities were illuminated with the tournament logo.[64]

Match ball

Main article: Adidas Tango 12
File:Tango 12 match ball of UEFA EURO 2012.png
Adidas Tango 12

The official match ball for UEFA Euro 2012 is the Adidas Tango 12, which is designed to be easier to dribble and control than the reportedly unpredictable Adidas Jabulani used at the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[65]

Mascots

Polish and Ukrainian twins
Slavek & Slavko

Slavek and Slavko are the official mascots of the UEFA Euro 2012. They are twins and represent Polish and Ukrainian footballers in national colours. The mascots were announced in December 2010.[66] Similarly as in 2008 names Slavek and Slavko were chosen in the web voting, over "Siemko and Strimko" and "Klemek and Ladko". It should be noted, however, that the name of the "Polish" mascot, Slavek, is not Polish. The letter "v" does not exist in the Polish alphabet and is used on a daily basis only in a very limited set of loan words. More importantly, the Polish equivalent of the Ukrainian Slavko would be Sławek, which contains the letter "ł", pronounced quite differently from "l" (in a way its proper pronounciation resembles that of the letter "w" in the word "walk"). UEFA, however, refused to incorporate non-English letters in the mascots' names.[67] They were designed by Warner Bros.

Ticketing

Tickets were sold directly by UEFA via its website, or are to be distributed by the football associations of the 16 finalists. Applications had to be made during March 2011 for the 1.4 million tickets available for the 31 tournament matches.[68] Over 12 million applications were received, which represented a 17% increase on the 2008 finals, and an all-time record for the UEFA European Championship.[69] Owing to this over-subscription for the matches, lotteries were carried out to allocate tickets.

Prices varied from €30 (£25) (for a seat behind the goals at a group match) to €600 (£513) (for a seat in the main stand at the final). In addition to individual match tickets, fans could buy packages to see either all matches played by one team, or all matches at one specific venue.[70]

In May 2012, UEFA will start sending tickets to fans which bought tickets also immediately UEFA will start selling additional tickets on ticketing website.

Trophy

File:TrophyTour.png
New Henri Delaunay Trophy

The Henri Delaunay Trophy began a journey through the host cities seven weeks before the start of the tournament. A hundred days before the first match a 35.5-metre-high (116 ft) hot air balloon in the shape of the trophy was flown in Nyon, Switzerland and will visit 14 cities throughout the host countries, reminding spectators of the impending tournament.[71] 20 April 2012 was started Trophy Tour during which will visit Warsaw, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Poznań, Kraków, Katowice and Łódź cities. After Polish cities, Trophy will visit seven Ukrainian cities: Kiev, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv, Odesa.[72][73]

Merchandising

UEFA signed a worldwide licensing agreement with Warner Bros. Consumer Products to help promote the tournament.[74] Warner Bros. agreed to license the following to the third parties: Accessories, Apparel, Automotive accessories, Baby personal care and accessories, Bags, Computer accessories, Drinking vessels, Footwear, General souvenirs, Home textiles, Houseware products and accessories, Jewellery, Publications, Sports accessories, Stationery and writing instruments, Toys and games.[75]

Music

The official Euro 2012 song is "Endless Summer" by the German singer Oceana.[76] In addition, UEFA has retained the melody that was composed by Rollo Armstrong of Faithless on its behalf for the 2008 tournament.[77]

The official Polish song for the tournament is "Koko Euro Spoko" by the folk band Jarzębina.[78] The Republic of Ireland has also produced an official song: "The Rocky Road to Poland" recorded by a collaboration of Irish performers has already reached number 1 in Ireland.[79]

New airport terminal at Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport in Gdańsk
File:1DSCF9479 Panorama.jpg
New airport terminal at Lviv Danylo Halytskyi International Airport in Lviv
Polish PKP Intercity have painted their locomotives in the colours of the 16 finalists.

Infrastructure

See also: Transport in Poland, Transport in Ukraine, List of airports in Poland, and List of airports in Ukraine
Road system in Poland
Road system in Ukraine

In preparation for the tournament, the transport system in Poland and Ukraine has been extensively modified to cope with the large influx of football fans. 1.4 million tickets have been sold for the games, and over 20,000 people are forecast to cross the Poland-Ukraine border each day during the tournament.[80]

UEFA required both host nations to renovate their infrastructure – motorways, train stations and airport terminals – surrounding the host cities.[81][82][83]

The cost of these infrastructure projects is considerable. In Poland the total cost of key works is forecast to exceed €18 billion.[84] The President of Ukraine confirmed that his country had spent almost €3.3 billion on infrastructure.[85]

Holocaust Memorial

Delegations including the German,[86] the Italian,[87] the Dutch[88] and the English,[89] will visit the Auschwitz concentration camp, before the start of the tournament, to pay tribute to the murdered Poles and Jews. The camp is the most well-known of a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by and in the Third Reich during the Second World War.

Concerns and controversies

Overall

After Poland and Ukraine were chosen by a vote of the UEFA Executive Committee as host countries for Euro 2012 several issues arose on the Ukrainian side. The only one problem occurred on Polish side in September 2008 when Polish government suspended the Polish Football Association (PZPN) over corruption issues and assigned an administrator to fight against corruption in football. UEFA swiftly issued a letter warning that it risked losing the right to co-host,[90] Preparation work proceeded more speedily in Poland than in Ukraine and, following a visit in April 2009, Platini announced that all was on track and he saw no major problems.[91] The following month, UEFA confirmed the appointment of the Polish cities of Warsaw, Poznań, Wrocław and Gdańsk.[92] At the same meeting, an appeal for delayed decision on the Ukrainian venues was granted to Lviv, Donetsk and Kharkiv in order to meet specific conditions regarding infrastructure, with a warning that only Kiev and the best prepared city of the other candidates would otherwise be used if issues were not resolved by the end of November.[93][94][95][96]

Claimed problems in preparation

In January 2008, UEFA president Michel Platini went on the record to warn the organisers of the need to avoid "critical slippages" in their preparations,[97] prompting Scotland to reportedly inform UEFA that they would be willing to step in as hosts,[98] which they reiterated again later in the year.[99] However, by June 2008, UEFA stated they were "not discussing any plan B in terms of new countries" hosting.[100]

Ukraine reported several problems which threatened their ability to co-host: delays in the renovation of Kiev’s Olympic Stadium,[101] and difficulties funding infrastructure work after the economic crisis struck.[102] After an inspection in April 2009, Platini re-affirmed that Ukraine would remain co-host but hinted that most matches could go to Poland.[91] The Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk stated his country would be capable of this task, but was committed to the original 4 + 4 host city plan,[103] as was the Polish FA.[104]

In September 2009 Platini announced that "Ukraine has made sudden progress in their efforts to stage the tournament",[105] and it was soon confirmed that their four cities (Donetsk, Kharkiv, Kiev and Lviv) would host matches. Kiev was also confirmed to host the Final.[106]

An interview Platini gave to the German FA in May 2010, suggesting that Germany and Hungary could even replace Ukraine unless improvements were made, cast new doubt on their readiness.[107] But by August, Platini revisited that and stated "You can consider that the ultimatum no longer exists",[108] and that he was optimistic about preparations in both countries and saw no major obstacles.[109] After a UEFA delegation visited Ukraine in September 2011, he stated the country was "virtually ready for Euro 2012".[110]

Boycott calls

Following Yulia Tymoshenko's hunger strike which started on 20 April 2012 and her mistreatment in a Ukrainian prison, there have been growing calls to boycott the Euro 2012 in Ukraine.[111] The European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso, the Justice Commissioner Viviane Reding and Androulla Vassiliou the European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth have announced they will boycott the tournament in Ukraine.[112][113] French public figures have appealed to FIFA to cancel Euro 2012.[114] The Austrian Chancellor, Werner Faymann, announced in May that Austrian government officials would not attend the tournament as a "political signal".[115] Belgium's government officials have announced they will boycott games held in Ukraine, with Belgian Foreign Minister Didier Reynders calling on Ukraine's government to respect all of Tymoshenko's rights[116] The Czech Republic is reported to also be putting pressure on Ukraine.[117] Germany has announced that German Chancellor Angela Merkel's visit would depend on Ms Tymoshenko's fate,[112] and she has urged her ministers to do the same.[118] Germany's Interior and sports minister Hans-Peter Friedrich will boycott the Germany v Netherlands match in Kharkiv.[118] The manager of Bayern Munich has called on the president of UEFA to condemn Ukraine's authoritarian regime,[118] and the manager of Borussia Dortmund has stated that he will boycott the event.[118] However, German sports officials have said that such boycotts are ineffective and the event should go ahead.[119] Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk has criticised calls for a boycott saying that they are inappropriate,[120] but added that Ukraine's reputation will "suffer dramatically" without a solution;[121] Poland's opposition party is in favour of boycotting matches in Ukraine to change decision about Yulia Tymoshenko.[122] Ukraine has compared the threats of boycott by European powers as a return to Cold War tactics.[123] In a statement UEFA says it has "alerted the Ukrainian delegation about the concerns raised by the political situation in Ukraine among European politicians and media",[124] but that "UEFA has no position and will not take any regarding the political situation in Ukraine, and will not interfere with internal government matters."[125] Ukraine also rejected the Russian offer. Meanwhile the heads of state of Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy and Slovenia reportedly turned down an invitation to attend a summit of central and eastern leaders that Ukraine was due to hold.[126] The European Union asserted that all its commissioners would boycott the events in Ukraine. Russian President Vladimir Putin reacted in saying that the boycott call was wrong and offered to give Tymoshenko medical treatment in his country. Ukraine's Foreign Ministry added that the threat of boycott could "hurt mutual understanding" and that they "view as destructive attempts to politicise sporting events, which since ancient times have played a paramount role in improving understanding and agreement between nations. An attack on this big dream undermines the chances of...all the former Socialist Bloc members to prove that their economic, human and scientific potential can turn them from the debtors of Europe to its engine of growth."[121]

Racism, antisemitism and hooliganism

On 28 May 2012, BBC current affairs programme Panorama examined the issues of racism, antisemitism and football hooliganism which it stated were prevalent among Polish and Ukrainian supporters.[127] The programme, titled Euro 2012: Stadiums of Hate, included recent footage of supporters chanting various antisemitic slogans and displays of white power symbols and banners. The documentary recorded widespread Nazi salutes, Sieg Heil chants, rampant antisemitism and monkey noise taunts of black players.[127] FC Metalist Kharkiv supporters were seen violently assaulting a group of Asian students at the Metalist Oblast Sports Complex, one of the stadiums hosting matches in Ukraine.[128][129]

After viewing the footage, former England captain Sol Campbell said he was 'disgusted' and warned English supporters against travelling to the championship, and said they should instead "Stay at home, watch it on TV. Don't even risk it. Because you could end up coming back in a coffin."[130]The Professional Footballers' Association supported Campbell's comments.[131] Nick Lowles of the anti-racist group Hope Not Hate was also in Poland monitoring racist incidents and expressed concern for non-white fans travelling to the Euro 2012. Mario Balotelli, an Italian footballer, threatened to walk off if racially abused during the competition.[132] Italian national team is staying in Krakow as their Team Base Camp.

The documentary was criticised as unfair by the Euro 2012 organisers. Ukrainian foreign ministry spokesman Oleh Voloshyn responded that the allegations were an "invented and mythical problem"[133]and that "Nazi symbols can be seen at ... any match in England".[134] Polish PM Donald Tusk stated: "Nobody who comes to Poland will be in any danger because of his race. This is not our custom, as is not pointing out similar incidents in other countries."[135]

The Foreign and Commonwealth Office general travel advice for Ukraine already warns that travellers "of Asian or Afro-Caribbean descent and individuals belonging to religious minorities" should take extra care in the country due to racially-motivated violent crime.[136]The families of two England players, Theo Walcott and Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, decided not to attend the matches for fear of racist attacks.[127]Both Danish and French fans have also been warned by their governments about the risk of racial violence.[137]

Animal cruelty

Ukraine has come under criticism from animal welfare organisations for killing stray cats and dogs in order to prepare for Euro 2012. It was reported that cats and dogs are poisoned with illegal substances, shot or burned alive in a mobile crematorium.[138] In November 2011 the Ukrainian Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources urged mayors around the country to stop killing stray animals for half a year and build shelters instead, but it remains unclear how the ban would be enforced. The ministry's comments also seemed to suggest that the six-month ban was only a temporary measure, drawing further criticism.[139] In April 2012, it was found that despite promises from Prime Minister Mykola Azarov to stop, dogs were still being killed in preparation for the tournament.[140]

Terrorism

Further information: 2012 Dnipropetrovsk explosions

On 27 April 2012, four bombs went off in Dnipropetrovsk in Ukraine (which is not a host city). At least 29 people were injured in what is being described as a terrorist attack.[141] Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych said that there would be an "adequate" response.[142] Hryhoriy Surkis, the head of the Ukrainian Football Federation, said that he "think[s] the people who committed this brutal crime...are also accomplices to an attack on the image of our country ahead of the Euro-2012." UEFA responded to the incident saying that it as confident of having a "smooth and festive tournament,"[143] however, should the political situation become more unstable, UEFA is reported to be open to the idea of the postponing the event to 2013.[144] Following serious security concerns Angel Maria Villar, the Spanish Football Federation president, has reportedly offered to stage Euro 2012 in Spain.[144]

Police criminality

Amnesty International has warned of "widespread police criminality" in Ukraine,[125] and that there are "numerous cases in Euro 2012 host cities in which police have tortured people in an attempt to extort money, extract a confession, or simply because of the victims’ sexuality or ethnic origin."[125] An Amnesty director has warned fans planning to travel to the Ukraine that "the Ukrainian government must take action now to stop widespread police criminality. Failure to do so will encourage them to continue acting as a law unto themselves and put Euro 2012 fans in danger from a force that is out of control."[125]

Protests

The FEMEN group which became internationally known for organizing topless protests against international marriage agencies, sexism and other international ills protested against what they argue are moves being made by the Ukrainian government to legalise prostitution during the championships.[145] The group asked UEFA and the Ukrainian government to create a social program devoted to the problem of sex tourism and prostitution in Ukraine; to inform football fans that prostitution is illegal in Ukraine; and to take additional steps to fight against prostitution and sex tourism.[146]

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