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A tributer is distinguished, from both an independent contractor and employee, in that the tributer takes over the running of the mine, or an agreed part of it, and is remunerated in a specific manner. The origins of tribute mining lie in the [[Stannary|Stannaries]] of [[Cornwall]] and [[Devon]], and the [[Stannary law|Stannary laws]].<ref name=":0" /> Subsequently, the practice spread to other countries that inherited the [[common law]] system. In English-speaking [[Settler colonialism|settler colonial]] societies, the spread of the practice was enhanced by the widespread emigration of [[Cornish people|Cornish]] miners and mine managers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1850-12-21 |title=CORNISH SETTLEMENT. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12923517 |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |pages=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1909-07-10 |title=MINING ON TRIBUTE |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article109111768 |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=[[Kadina and Wallaroo Times]] |pages=4}}</ref> |
A tributer is distinguished, from both an independent contractor and employee, in that the tributer takes over the running of the mine, or an agreed part of it, and is remunerated in a specific manner. The origins of tribute mining lie in the [[Stannary|Stannaries]] of [[Cornwall]] and [[Devon]], and the [[Stannary law|Stannary laws]].<ref name=":0" /> Subsequently, the practice spread to other countries that inherited the [[common law]] system. In English-speaking [[Settler colonialism|settler colonial]] societies, the spread of the practice was enhanced by the widespread emigration of [[Cornish people|Cornish]] miners and mine managers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1850-12-21 |title=CORNISH SETTLEMENT. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12923517 |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |pages=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1909-07-10 |title=MINING ON TRIBUTE |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article109111768 |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=[[Kadina and Wallaroo Times]] |pages=4}}</ref> |
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Advantages of tribute mining are that it is a form of [[profit sharing]], encouraging [[productivity]], and that the rights and obligations of the parties are subject to a specific written agreement that is enforceable.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=1862-07-15 |title=THE TRIBUTE SYSTEM. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article265388321 |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=Tarrangower Times and Maldon District Advertiser |pages=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1909-05-17 |title=LABOR IN CORNISH MINES. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article45071303 |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=[[Barrier Miner]] |pages=2}}</ref> A potential disadvantage is that the tribute miners also share the risk of the mining venture. Mining [[Trade union|trade unions]] generally opposed |
Advantages of tribute mining are that it is a form of [[profit sharing]], encouraging [[productivity]], and that the rights and obligations of the parties are subject to a specific written agreement that is enforceable.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=1862-07-15 |title=THE TRIBUTE SYSTEM. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article265388321 |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=Tarrangower Times and Maldon District Advertiser |pages=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1909-05-17 |title=LABOR IN CORNISH MINES. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article45071303 |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=[[Barrier Miner]] |pages=2}}</ref> A potential disadvantage is that the tribute miners also share the risk of the mining venture. Mining [[Trade union|trade unions]] generally opposed tribute mining, preferring payments to miners to be in the form of [[Hourly wage|hourly wages]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1904-04-23 |title=TRIBUTE MINING. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71035553 |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=Worker |pages=12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Story: McLagan, Angus |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4m23/mclagan-angus |website=Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand}}</ref> |
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In Australia, tribute agreements fall within the jurisdiction of [[Warden's court|Warden's courts]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=1937-09-15 |title=Were Tributers Out Of Bounds? |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article83304294 |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=Daily News |pages=5}}</ref> which date from the period of the [[Australian gold rushes]]. The arrangement commonly arose when the titleholders of a mine ceased working the mine, but agreed to let another party work the mine, usually on a smaller scale than previously.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bertola |first=Patrick |date=1993 |title=Tributers and Gold Mining in Boulder,1918-1934 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27509197 |journal=Labour History |issue=65 |pages=54–74 |doi=10.2307/27509197 |issn=0023-6942}}</ref> Tribute mining may be applied to any kind of mine but, in Australia, is especially pertinent to [[Underground hard-rock mining|hard-rock mining]], particularly [[gold mining|gold mines]] but also mines for other non-ferrous metallic minerals such copper<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2017-11-16 |title=Moonta Mines History {{!}} Discover Moonta |url=https://discovermoonta.com.au/moonta-mines-history/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> and silver-lead-zinc ores. |
In Australia, tribute agreements fall within the jurisdiction of [[Warden's court|Warden's courts]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=1937-09-15 |title=Were Tributers Out Of Bounds? |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article83304294 |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=Daily News |pages=5}}</ref> which date from the period of the [[Australian gold rushes]]. The arrangement commonly arose when the titleholders of a mine ceased working the mine, but agreed to let another party work the mine, usually on a smaller scale than previously.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bertola |first=Patrick |date=1993 |title=Tributers and Gold Mining in Boulder,1918-1934 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27509197 |journal=Labour History |issue=65 |pages=54–74 |doi=10.2307/27509197 |issn=0023-6942}}</ref> Tribute mining may be applied to any kind of mine but, in Australia, is especially pertinent to [[Underground hard-rock mining|hard-rock mining]], particularly [[gold mining|gold mines]] but also mines for other non-ferrous metallic minerals such copper<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2017-11-16 |title=Moonta Mines History {{!}} Discover Moonta |url=https://discovermoonta.com.au/moonta-mines-history/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> and silver-lead-zinc ores. |
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Revision as of 12:21, 4 May 2024
Tribute mining is an arrangement by which a person, partnership or company works a mine or part of a mine, under a tribute agreement with the titleholder of that mine, and either pays to or receives from the titleholder a proportion of the production of the mine or of the value of the production. Miners working in this way are known as tribute miners or tributers, and the mine is said to be worked 'on tribute'. The arrangement differs from conventional contracting and employment, both in its nature and its origins.[1]
A tributer is distinguished, from both an independent contractor and employee, in that the tributer takes over the running of the mine, or an agreed part of it, and is remunerated in a specific manner. The origins of tribute mining lie in the Stannaries of Cornwall and Devon, and the Stannary laws.[1] Subsequently, the practice spread to other countries that inherited the common law system. In English-speaking settler colonial societies, the spread of the practice was enhanced by the widespread emigration of Cornish miners and mine managers.[2][3]
Advantages of tribute mining are that it is a form of profit sharing, encouraging productivity, and that the rights and obligations of the parties are subject to a specific written agreement that is enforceable.[4][5][6] A potential disadvantage is that the tribute miners also share the risk of the mining venture. Mining trade unions generally opposed tribute mining, preferring payments to miners to be in the form of hourly wages.[7][8]
In Australia, tribute agreements fall within the jurisdiction of Warden's courts,[9] which date from the period of the Australian gold rushes. The arrangement commonly arose when the titleholders of a mine ceased working the mine, but agreed to let another party work the mine, usually on a smaller scale than previously.[10] Tribute mining may be applied to any kind of mine but, in Australia, is especially pertinent to hard-rock mining, particularly gold mines but also mines for other non-ferrous metallic minerals such copper[10][4] and silver-lead-zinc ores.
In Zimbabwe, tribute agreements became a mechanism for involving local artisanal miners in the production of chromite from mines owned by transnational companies.[11]
References
- ^ a b Leslie, W. D.; Holland, A. J. Holland. "Tribute Agreements" (PDF). AMPLA Bulletin. 1 (1): 10, 11 – via austlii.edu.au.
- ^ "CORNISH SETTLEMENT". Sydney Morning Herald. 1850-12-21. p. 3. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ "MINING ON TRIBUTE". Kadina and Wallaroo Times. 1909-07-10. p. 4. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ a b "Moonta Mines History | Discover Moonta". 2017-11-16. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ "THE TRIBUTE SYSTEM". Tarrangower Times and Maldon District Advertiser. 1862-07-15. p. 3. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ "LABOR IN CORNISH MINES". Barrier Miner. 1909-05-17. p. 2. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ "TRIBUTE MINING". Worker. 1904-04-23. p. 12. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ "Story: McLagan, Angus". Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
- ^ "Were Tributers Out Of Bounds?". Daily News. 1937-09-15. p. 5. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ a b Bertola, Patrick (1993). "Tributers and Gold Mining in Boulder,1918-1934". Labour History (65): 54–74. doi:10.2307/27509197. ISSN 0023-6942.
- ^ Mujere, Joseph (2023-04-01). "Chromite Mining Cooperatives, Tribute Mining Contracts, and Rural Livelihoods in Zimbabwe, 1985–2021". International Development Policy | Revue internationale de politique de développement (15). doi:10.4000/poldev.5246. ISSN 1663-9375.