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{{about|tetrahydropyran, whose IUPAC name is oxane|ethylene oxide, which has occasionally been named as oxane|oxirane}}
{{about|tetrahydropyran, whose IUPAC name is oxane|ethylene oxide, which has occasionally been named as oxane|oxirane}}


{{chembox|verifiedrevid=470604410|Name=Tetrahydropyran|ImageFileL1_Ref={{chemboximage|correct|??}}|ImageFileL1=Tetrahydropyran.svg|ImageSizeL1=80px|ImageNameL1=Tetrahydropyran|ImageFileR1=Oxane-3D-vdW.png|ImageSizeR1=100px|ImageNameR1=THP|IUPACName=Oxane|OtherNames=Tetrahydropyran,<br>Oxacyclohexane, <br>1,5-epoxypentane|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 470604410
| Name = Tetrahydropyran
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFileL1 = Tetrahydropyran.svg
| ImageSizeL1 = 80px
| ImageNameL1 = Tetrahydropyran
| ImageFileR1 = Oxane-3D-vdW.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 100px
| ImageNameR1 = THP
| IUPACName = Oxane
| OtherNames = Tetrahydropyran,<br>Oxacyclohexane
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| PubChem = 8894
| PubChem = 8894
| InChI = 1/C5H10O/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-5H2
| InChI = 1/C5H10O/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-5H2
Line 34: Line 22:
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 8554
| ChemSpiderID = 8554
⚫
}}|Section2={{Chembox Properties
⚫
}}
⚫
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C = 5 | H = 10 | O = 1
| C = 5 | H = 10 | O = 1
| Density = 0.880 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Density = 0.880 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPtC = -45
| MeltingPtC = -45
| BoilingPtC = 88
| BoilingPtC = 88
}}|-|Default:|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
}}
| MainHazards = Flammable, Causes skin irritation
}}
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 4
| NFPA-R = 1
| NFPA-S =
| LDLo = 3000 mg/kg (oral, rat)<ref name="Substance Name: tetrahydropyran"/>
| FlashPtC = -15.6
| AutoignitionPtC =
⚫
}}}}


'''Tetrahydropyran''' ('''THP''') is the [[organic compound]] consisting of a saturated six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. It is named by reference to [[pyran]], which contains two double bonds, and may be produced from it by adding four hydrogens. In 2013, its preferred IUPAC name was established as '''oxane'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bulletin.acscinf.org/PDFs/247nm44.pdf|title=New IUPAC Organic Nomenclature - Chemical Information BULLETIN}}</ref> The compound is a colourless volatile liquid. Derivatives of tetrahydropyran are, however, more common. 2-Tetrahydropyranyl (THP-) ethers derived from the reaction of alcohols and [[3,4-Dihydropyran|3,4-dihydropyran]] are commonly used as protecting groups in [[organic synthesis]].<ref name = Greene /> Furthermore, a tetrahydropyran ''ring system'', i.e., five carbon atoms and an oxygen, is the core of [[pyranose]] sugars, such as [[glucose]].
'''Tetrahydropyran''' ('''THP''') is the [[organic compound]] consisting of a saturated six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. It is named by reference to [[pyran]], which contains two double bonds, and may be produced from it by adding four hydrogens. In 2013, its preferred IUPAC name was established as '''oxane'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bulletin.acscinf.org/PDFs/247nm44.pdf|title=New IUPAC Organic Nomenclature - Chemical Information BULLETIN}}</ref> The compound is a colourless volatile liquid. Derivatives of tetrahydropyran are, however, more common. 2-Tetrahydropyranyl (THP-) ethers derived from the reaction of alcohols and [[3,4-Dihydropyran|3,4-dihydropyran]] are commonly used as protecting groups in [[organic synthesis]].<ref name = Greene /> Furthermore, a tetrahydropyran ''ring system'', i.e., five carbon atoms and an oxygen, is the core of [[pyranose]] sugars, such as [[glucose]].

Revision as of 12:49, 4 March 2019

This article is about tetrahydropyran, whose IUPAC name is oxane. For ethylene oxide, which has occasionally been named as oxane, see oxirane.
Tetrahydropyran
Tetrahydropyran
Tetrahydropyran
THP
THP
Names
IUPAC name
Oxane
Other names
Tetrahydropyran,
Oxacyclohexane,
1,5-epoxypentane
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.005.048 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C5H10O/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-5H2 checkY
    Key: DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C5H10O/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-5H2
    Key: DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYAV
  • O1CCCCC1
Properties
C5H10O
Molar mass 86.134 g·mol−1
Density 0.880 g/cm3
Melting point −45 °C (−49 °F; 228 K)
Boiling point 88 °C (190 °F; 361 K)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Flammable, Causes skin irritation
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
4
1
Flash point −15.6 °C (3.9 °F; 257.5 K)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
3000 mg/kg (oral, rat)[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Tetrahydropyran (THP) is the organic compound consisting of a saturated six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. It is named by reference to pyran, which contains two double bonds, and may be produced from it by adding four hydrogens. In 2013, its preferred IUPAC name was established as oxane.[2] The compound is a colourless volatile liquid. Derivatives of tetrahydropyran are, however, more common. 2-Tetrahydropyranyl (THP-) ethers derived from the reaction of alcohols and 3,4-dihydropyran are commonly used as protecting groups in organic synthesis.[3] Furthermore, a tetrahydropyran ring system, i.e., five carbon atoms and an oxygen, is the core of pyranose sugars, such as glucose.

Structure and preparation

In gas phase, the THP exists in its lowest energy Cs symmetry chair conformation.[4]

One classic procedure for the organic synthesis of tetrahydropyran is by hydrogenation of the 3,4-isomer of dihydropyran with Raney nickel.[5]

Tetrahydropyranyl derivatives

Although tetrahydropyran is an obscure compound, tetrahydropyranyl ethers are commonly use in organic synthesis. Specifically, the 2-tetrahydropyranyl (THP) group is a common protecting group for alcohols.[6][7] Alcohols react with 3,4-dihydropyran to give 2-tetrahydropyranyl ethers. These ethers are resilient to a variety of reactions. The alcohol can later be restored by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. This hydrolysis reforms the parent alcohol as well as 5-hydroxypentanal. THP ethers derived from chiral alcohols form diastereomers. Another undesirable feature is that the ethers display complex NMR spectra, which interfere with analysis.[3]

Protection of alcohol as THP ether followed by deprotection. Both steps require acid catalysts.

In a typical procedure, the alcohol is treated with 3,4-dihydropyran and p-toluenesulfonic acid in dichloromethane at ambient temperature.[3]

THP protection used in the total synthesis of solandelactone E[8]

Alternatively the THP ether is generated under the conditions akin to those for the Mitsunobu reaction. Thus the alcohol is treated with 2-hydroxytetrahydropyranyl, triphenylphosphine, diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) in tetrahydrofuran (THF).

Commonly THP ethers are deprotected using Acetic acid in THF/water solution, p-toluenesulfonic acid in water, or Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) in ethanol

See also

  • Pyran
  • Dioxane and Trioxane, which have two and three oxygen atoms as part of their six-membered rings respectively

References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Substance Name: tetrahydropyran was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "New IUPAC Organic Nomenclature - Chemical Information BULLETIN" (PDF).
  3. ^ a b c Wuts, Peter G. M.; Greene, Theodora W. (2006). "Protection for the Hydroxyl Group, Including 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Diols". Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (4th ed.). pp. 16–366. doi:10.1002/9780470053485.ch2. ISBN 9780470053485.
  4. ^ Builth-Williams, J. D.; Bellm, S. M.; Chiari, L.; Thorn, P. A.; Jones, D. B.; Chaluvadi, H.; Madison, D. H.; Ning, C. G.; Lohmann, B. (2013). "A dynamical (e,2e) investigation of the structurally related cyclic ethers tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, and 1,4-dioxane" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Physics. 139 (3): 034306. doi:10.1063/1.4813237.
  5. ^ Andrus, D. W.; Johnson, John R. (1943). "Tetrahydropyran". Organic Syntheses. 23: 90. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.023.0090; Collected Volumes, vol. 3, p. 794.
  6. ^ Earl, R. A.; Townsend, L. B. (1981). "Methyl 4-Hydroxy-2-butynoate". Organic Syntheses. 60: 81. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.060.0081; Collected Volumes, vol. 7, p. 334.
  7. ^ Kluge, Arthur F. (1986). "Diethyl [(2-Tetrahydropyranyloxy)methyl]phosphonate". Organic Syntheses. 64: 80. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.064.0080; Collected Volumes, vol. 7, p. 160.
  8. ^ Robinson, Anna; Aggarwal, Varinder K. (2010). "Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Solandelactone E: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the 2-ene-1,4-diol Core through a Lithiation–Borylation–Allylation Sequence". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 49 (37): 6673–6675. doi:10.1002/anie.201003236.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetrahydropyran&diff=prev&oldid=886129980

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