THC Science

Reactions to the Israel–Hamas war include significant geopolitical divisions emerged. Much of the Western world provided "strong" support to Israel militarily and diplomatically,^[1] including the United States,^[2] United Kingdom,^[3] and Germany^[4] although the strong support is "at odds with the attitudes of Western publics which continue to shift away from Israel", according to Hugh Lovatt, a senior policy fellow with the Middle East and North Africa Programme at the European Council on Foreign Relations. Lovatt says that during the Cold War, Israel sided with the West against the Arab countries supported by the Soviets, and Western leaders generally see Israel "as a fellow member of the liberal democratic club" and that this partially "explains the continued strong Western support for Israel – which has now largely become reflexive".^[1] In contrast, the Islamic world and much of the Global South denounced the actions of Israel and its allies, criticizing the "moral authority of the West" and alleging that it holds double standards surrounding human rights.^[1]^[5] The double standards, in their view, is condemning an illegal occupation in Ukraine while standing firmly behind Israel that has occupied Palestinian lands.^[6]

The United States, United Kingdom, and Germany have supplied Israel with substantial military and medical aid.^[3]^[7]^[8]

Israel

A public opinion poll conducted on 23–28 October by the polling company iPanel in collaboration with Tel Aviv University found that 57.5% of Israeli Jews believed the IDF was using "too little" firepower in Gaza, while 36.6% thought the amount of firepower was "appropriate", 4.2% were not sure, and only 1.8% thought the IDF was using "too much" firepower. In contrast, 50.5% of Israeli Arabs believed that the IDF was using "too much" firepower in Gaza.^[9] According to a survey by the Israel Democracy Institute, only 10% of Israeli Jews would support a pause in the war in Gaza to allow an exchange of Israeli hostages.^[9] A public opinion poll conducted in December 2023 by the Israel Democracy Institute found that 87% of Jewish Israelis supported the war in Gaza.^[10] 75% of Jewish Israelis rejected the Biden administration's calls to change the IDF's strategy to one that "reduces the heavy bombing of densely populated areas."^[11]

According to a survey carried out by the Hebrew University on 7–9 December on the post-war handling of Gaza, 56% of Israelis opposed the annexation of Gaza with 33% in favor. When questioned on who should administer Gaza in the immediate post-war period, 23% supported a coalition of moderate Arab states, 22% Israeli military rule, 18% an international force, 18% Israeli annexation and 11% the Palestinian Authority.^[12] The Direct Polls survey found that 83% of Israelis supported encouraging the voluntary emigration of residents of the Gaza Strip.^[13] According to a poll published by the Israel Democracy Institute, 91% of Israeli Jews and 24% of Israeli Arabs believe that the IDF is making an effort to follow international law.^[14]

In an Israel Democracy Institute survey of 510 Israeli citizens in early February 2024, 68% of survey respondents supported preventing all international aid from entering Gaza.^[15]

Around 170 Palestinian citizens of Israel were arrested for posts supporting Palestinians in Gaza, which featured quoting Quran verses, "prayers for the people of Gaza, and political analysis of Israeli military operations".^[16] Between 1 October and 1 November, the number of Palestinians held in administrative detention, without charge or trial, rose from 1,319 to 2,070.^[17]^[18]^[19] Prisoners have been subject to torture and at least four prisoners have died in Israeli custody.^[17]^[18]^[20] The ethics panel of the Knesset voted to suspend politician Ofer Cassif for 45 days over anti-Israel statements in interviews he made after the war broke out. Following a rally in support of Gaza in Haifa, police commissioner Kobi Shabtai threatened to send antiwar protesters to the Gaza Strip. As of 18 October 63 people have been arrested in Israel on suspicion of supporting or inciting "terror" since the start of the conflict, according to Israeli police.^[21]

Amidst the escalating violence, Magen David Adom initiated a blood donation drive and the Education Ministry closed schools on 7 October, transitioning to online learning from 15 October.^[22] Various events and performances were cancelled or postponed including the Haifa International Film Festival, a Bruno Mars concert, and football matches scheduled by UEFA.^[23] The Israeli energy ministry ordered Chevron to temporarily shut down the offshore Tamar gas field.^[24] Following a significant drop in the value of the New Israeli Shekel, the Bank of Israel announced that it would sell up to $30 billion in foreign reserves in its first-ever sale of foreign exchange.^[25]

Emergency unity government

On 11 October, an emergency unity government was formally announced between Likud and National Unity following a joint statement from the latter party, with Benny Gantz, a former defence minister and military chief of staff, joining a war cabinet also consisting of Netanyahu as Prime Minister and Yoav Gallant as Defence Minister. The statement said the unity government would not promote any policy or laws except those related to the ongoing fighting with Hamas.^[26]^[27] It significantly reduces the influence of Netanyahu's previous far-right coalition partners over the conduct of the war, which was one of Gantz's demands.^[28] Haaretz reported that former IDF chief of staff Gadi Eizenkot and Strategic Affairs Minister Ron Dermer would join the war cabinet as observers.^[26]^[29]^[27]

On 29 October, Netanyahu blamed security chiefs for Hamas's attack in a post on X (formerly Twitter); this was later deleted following criticism.^[30]

IDF whistleblowers

Sources identified as IDF officials have spoken to the press under the condition of anonymity regarding military strategies and culture resulting in unprecedented human losses. Among the concerns are applications of artificial intelligence, such as the programs Habsora ("the Gospel"), Lavender, and "Where's Daddy?" that identify and track targets potentially linked to Hamas with minimal human oversight. Policy changes include expanding the threshold of acceptable civilian casualties and deliberately hitting targets in their homes, often killing entire family lines.^[31] A senior IDF official expressed concern about soldiers "shooting first and asking questions later," particularly in the cases of IDF killing of Israeli hostages and the World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack.^[32]

Palestinian territories

Gaza

Reactions in Gaza ranged from anger at the international community's response to fear.^[33]^[34] The territory faced numerous major crises. The Israeli blockade caused significant difficulties, including a lack of food, medicine, and water.^[35] A pediatrics doctor at Kamal Edwan Hospital described the situation in Gaza as "really dangerous",^[36] stating that, as a result of Israel's denial of clean water, babies in his ward were experiencing vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.^[37] Schools in the Gaza Strip were closed until further notice.^[38] Yahya al-Sarraj, the mayor of Gaza City, commented that the Israeli siege was a violation of international law and urged the international community to "support the victims".^[39]

West Bank

Initially, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas asserted the Palestinians' right to self-defense against the "terror of settlers and occupation troops"^[40] and condemned the orders by Israel for residents to evacuate north Gaza, labeling it a "second Nakba".^[41] Later, Abbas rejected the killing of civilians on both sides, and said that the Palestinian Liberation Organization was the sole representative of the Palestinians.^[42]

Following the attack, celebrations occurred in Nablus.^[43] France 24 reported "Hamas called on "resistance fighters in the West Bank" to join the battle.^[44] Neighborhood watches were established in 50 locations amid fears of reprisals by Israeli settlers, while a general strike was called for 8 October.^[45] Seven Palestinians were killed in clashes with Israeli forces on 7 October,^[44] while 126 others were injured.^[45] As of 19 October, Al Jazeera reported that 76 Palestinians were killed in the West Bank and Jerusalem, eight of them by armed Israeli settlers;^[46] the Palestinian Health Ministry said that 61 people have been killed and 1,250 injured in the West Bank.^[47] The Palestinian Prisoners Club said that 850 Palestinians, including lawmakers, prominent figures, journalists, and former detainees have been arrested by Israeli authorities since the start of the war.^[48]

International

On 7 October 2023, a large escalation of the Gaza–Israel conflict began with a coordinated offensive by multiple Palestinian militant groups against Israel. A number of countries, including many of Israel's Western allies, such as the United States and a number of European countries, condemned the attacks by Hamas, expressed solidarity for Israel and stated that Israel has a right to defend itself from armed attacks, while countries of the Muslim world (including the Axis of Resistance) have expressed support for the Palestinians, blaming the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories as being the root cause for the escalation of violence. The events prompted several world leaders to announce their intention to visit Israel, including US President Joe Biden,^[49] French President Emmanuel Macron,^[50] German Chancellor Olaf Scholz,^[51] and British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.^[52]

Numerous countries called for a ceasefire and de-escalation. International organizations, student organizations, charities, ecumenical Christian organizations, and Jewish and Islamic groups commented on the situation. On 27 October 2023, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution calling for an immediate and sustained humanitarian truce and cessation of hostilities, adopted by a vote of 121 states to 14, with 44 abstentions.^[53] As of 6 November 2023, Bolivia has severed diplomatic relations with Israel,^[54] while Bahrain,^[55] Chad,^[56] Chile,^[57] Colombia,^[58] Honduras,^[59] Jordan,^[60] South Africa^[61] and Turkey^[62] have recalled their ambassadors from Israel, citing Israeli actions during the war.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Busari, Stephanie; Ebrahim, Nadeen; Al Lawati, Abbas (19 January 2024). "Israel's war in Gaza has exposed a deepening global divide". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024. Beyond the courtroom drama, experts say divisions over the war in Gaza symbolize a widening gap between Israel and its traditional Western allies, notably the United States and Europe, and a group of nations known as the Global South — countries located primarily in the southern hemisphere, often characterized by lower income levels and developing economies... Israel sided with the West against Soviet-backed Arab regimes during the Cold War, and Western countries largely view it "as a fellow member of the liberal democratic club", he added. "Some of this explains the continued strong Western support for Israel – which has now largely become reflexive."
^ "Biden condemns Hamas actions, says US is sending Israel military aid". NBC News. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b Chuter, Andrew (13 October 2023). "Britain sends spy planes, ships to Mediterranean amid Israel-Hamas war". Defense News. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
^ Radice, Orlando (9 October 2023). "Girls 'raped next to their dead friends' at rave massacre". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^ Phillips, Tom (1 November 2023). "South American countries recall ambassadors and cut ties with Israel over war with Hamas". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^ Stuenkel, Oliver (2 Nov 2023). "Why the Global South Is Accusing America of Hypocrisy". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
^ "Germany stands firmly alongside Israel". Bundesregierung. 22 December 2023. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024. The Federal Government is also supporting Israel by providing military and medical equipment.
^ "The US will send a carrier strike group to the Eastern Mediterranean in support of Israel". Associated Press. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b "What Israelis Think of the War With Hamas". Time. 10 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^ "As death toll mounts in Gaza, veterans of past negotiations weigh in on possibilities for peace". NBC News. 31 December 2023.
^ "Most Israelis oppose US demand to weaken Gaza fight". Jewish News Syndicate. 2 January 2024.
^ "Majority of Israelis oppose annexation, resettlement of Gaza – poll". Retrieved 18 December 2023.
^ "Poll: 83% of Israelis Support Voluntary Emigration from Gaza". The Jewish Press. 24 December 2023.
^ "Gazans' well-being is secondary to Israel's war plans, Israeli Jews believe – poll". Haaretz. 19 December 2023.
^ Hermann, Tamar; Kaplan, Yaron (20 February 2024). "Most Israelis: an "Absolute Victory" to the War is Unlikely - War in Gaza Survey 11 (February 12–15, 2024)". Israel Democracy Institute. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024.
^ Rosenfeld, Arno (18 October 2023). "Dozens of Israelis arrested for social media posts defending Gaza, advocates say". The Forward. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b Sawafta, Ali; Chacar, Henriette (18 November 2023). "West Bank Palestinians report Israeli beatings, mistreatment". Reuters. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests". Amnesty International. 8 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
^ Tahhan, Zena Al (21 October 2023). "Israel doubles number of Palestinian prisoners to 10,000 in two weeks". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
^ Butt, Maira (22 November 2023). "Thousands of Gazans missing in Israel as workers 'rounded up and blindfolded'". The Independent. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
^ "Israel police boss threatens to send anti-war protesters to Gaza 'on buses'". Al Jazeera. 19 October 2023.
^ "Israeli schools, already shuttered, to shift to remote learning on Sunday". Reuters. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
^ "Israel: Matches postponed by Uefa over security situation". BBC Sport. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
^ Bousso, Ron; Rabinovitch, Ari (9 October 2023). "Israel shuts down major offshore gas field amid violence". Reuters. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^ Scheer, Steven; Rabinovitch, Ari (9 October 2023). "Bank of Israel to Sell $30b of Foreign Currency to Stabilize Shekel Amid Gaza War". Reuters. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Israeli PM Netanyahu, opposition leader Gantz to form emergency unity gov't". Al Jazeera. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b Michaelson, Ruth; Sherwood, Harriet (11 October 2023). "Netanyahu sets up emergency Israeli unity government and war cabinet". The Guardian.
^ Sharon, Jeremy. "Gantz's entry into government sidelines far right, with judicial overhaul's future dim". Times of Israel. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
^ "Israeli PM, opposition leader agree to form "emergency unity gov't"-Xinhua". english.news.cn.
^ Kershner, Isabel (29 October 2023). "Netanyahu Apologizes After Blaming Security Chiefs for Failure in Hamas Attack". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
^ Iraqi, Amjad (2024-04-03). "'Lavender': The AI machine directing Israel's bombing spree in Gaza". +972 Magazine. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
^ Magid, Jacob (April 3, 2024). "Senior Israeli official laments culture of 'shoot first, ask later' gaining ground in IDF". Times of Israel. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
^ 'The world has turned its back on Palestinians'. Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023 – via YouTube.
^ Alfonseca, Kiara; Malekian, Somayeh. "'Scary as hell': Gazan describes fearful nights amid Israeli airstrikes". ABC News. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
^ "Unlawful Gaza Blockade Deadly for Children". Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
^ "Entire Families Wiped Out As Israel Continues Heaviest-Ever Airstrikes On Gaza". NDTV. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
^ Talwar Badam, Ramola (19 October 2023). "Doctors warn of 'catastrophic' conditions in Gaza hospitals as medical supplies dwindle". The National. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
^ "Israeli army declares 'state of readiness' for war". Anadolu Agency. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^ Exclusive Interview with Gaza Mayor. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023 – via YouTube.
^ "Mahmoud Abbas: Palestinians have right to defend themselves against 'terror'". Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^ "'We reject the forced displacement' in Gaza: Abbas tells Blinken in Jordan". Al Jazeera. 13 October 2023.
^ "President Abbas says Hamas' actions do not represent Palestinians". Reuters. 16 October 2023. Event occurs at 12:06 am GMT+3.
^ Ashtiyeh, Jaafar (7 October 2023), Palestinians celebrate in Nablus after fighters infiltrated Israel, Philippine Daily Inquirer, archived from the original on 8 December 2023, retrieved 8 December 2023 – via YouTube
^ ^a ^b "Almost 1,000 killed in Israel war with Hamas". France 24. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023. Hamas called on "resistance fighters in the West Bank" and "Arab and Islamic nations" to join the battle
^ ^a ^b "Israel-Palestine escalation live news: Hamas starts Operation Al-Aqsa Flood". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^ Al Tahhan, Zena. "Israel's war on Gaza: Is the West Bank under increased attack too?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
^ Saifi, Zeena; Anderson, Becky; Khadder, Kareem (19 October 2023). "Gaza conflict spills into the West Bank as settler attacks and clashes leave dozens of Palestinians dead". CNN. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
^ "Hamas spokesman reportedly among scores arrested in occupied West Bank". CNN. 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
^ "Joe Biden to visit Israel Wednesday". Globes. 2023-10-17. Archived from the original on October 17, 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
^ Berman, Lazar; AFP. "Macron reportedly to visit Israel, says 'intense talks' underway over Gaza hostages". www.timesofisrael.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
^ Lohse, Eckart; Wyssuwa, Matthias (2023-10-17). "Scholz besucht Israel und warnt Hisbollah und Iran". FAZ.NET (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Archived from the original on October 17, 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
^ "Rishi Sunak calls for stability after backing Israel against Hamas". BBC News. 2023-10-20. Archived from the original on October 19, 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
^ "General Assembly Adopts Resolution Calling for Immediate, Sustained Humanitarian Truce Leading to Cessation of Hostilities between Israel, Hamas". United Nations. 27 October 2023. GA/12548. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
^ Ramos, Daniel (1 November 2023). "Bolivia severs ties with Israel, others recall envoys over Gaza". Reuters. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Bahrain recalls ambassador from Israel, cuts economic ties over Gaza war: Parliament". gulfnews.com. November 2, 2023.
^ Said, Summer. "Chad Recalls Its Ambassador From Israel". WSJ. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^ "Chile recalls its ambassador to Israel over 'unacceptable' violations in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ Jaramillo Bernat, Emma (2023-11-01). "Petro se distancia más de Israel: llama a consultas a la embajadora" [Petro distances himself further from Israel: he calls the ambassador for consultations]. El País América Colombia (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-11-12.
^ "Honduras latest Latin American country to recall ambassador to Israel". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
^ "Jordan recalls ambassador to Israel to protest Gaza 'catastrophe'". Al Jazeera. 1 November 2023.
^ "South Africa recalls ambassador and diplomatic mission to Israel and accuses it of genocide in Gaza". AP News. 2023-11-06. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
^ "Turkey recalls envoy to Israel, 'writes off' Netanyahu". France 24. 2023-11-04. Retrieved 2023-11-04.

[global_divide-1] Busari, Stephanie; Ebrahim, Nadeen; Al Lawati, Abbas (19 January 2024). "Israel's war in Gaza has exposed a deepening global divide". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024. Beyond the courtroom drama, experts say divisions over the war in Gaza symbolize a widening gap between Israel and its traditional Western allies, notably the United States and Europe, and a group of nations known as the Global South — countries located primarily in the southern hemisphere, often characterized by lower income levels and developing economies... Israel sided with the West against Soviet-backed Arab regimes during the Cold War, and Western countries largely view it "as a fellow member of the liberal democratic club", he added. "Some of this explains the continued strong Western support for Israel – which has now largely become reflexive."

[:8-2] "Biden condemns Hamas actions, says US is sending Israel military aid". NBC News. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.

[Israel-Hamas_war-3] Chuter, Andrew (13 October 2023). "Britain sends spy planes, ships to Mediterranean amid Israel-Hamas war". Defense News. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.

[:10-4] Radice, Orlando (9 October 2023). "Girls 'raped next to their dead friends' at rave massacre". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

[:9-5] Phillips, Tom (1 November 2023). "South American countries recall ambassadors and cut ties with Israel over war with Hamas". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

[6] Stuenkel, Oliver (2 Nov 2023). "Why the Global South Is Accusing America of Hypocrisy". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.

[Germany_stands_firmly-7] "Germany stands firmly alongside Israel". Bundesregierung. 22 December 2023. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024. The Federal Government is also supporting Israel by providing military and medical equipment.

[:14-8] "The US will send a carrier strike group to the Eastern Mediterranean in support of Israel". Associated Press. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.

[iPanel-poll-9] "What Israelis Think of the War With Hamas". Time. 10 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

[10] "As death toll mounts in Gaza, veterans of past negotiations weigh in on possibilities for peace". NBC News. 31 December 2023.

[11] "Most Israelis oppose US demand to weaken Gaza fight". Jewish News Syndicate. 2 January 2024.

[12] "Majority of Israelis oppose annexation, resettlement of Gaza – poll". Retrieved 18 December 2023.

[13] "Poll: 83% of Israelis Support Voluntary Emigration from Gaza". The Jewish Press. 24 December 2023.

[14] "Gazans' well-being is secondary to Israel's war plans, Israeli Jews believe – poll". Haaretz. 19 December 2023.

[15] Hermann, Tamar; Kaplan, Yaron (20 February 2024). "Most Israelis: an "Absolute Victory" to the War is Unlikely - War in Gaza Survey 11 (February 12–15, 2024)". Israel Democracy Institute. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024.

[16] Rosenfeld, Arno (18 October 2023). "Dozens of Israelis arrested for social media posts defending Gaza, advocates say". The Forward. Retrieved 20 October 2023.

[Sawafta-2023-17] Sawafta, Ali; Chacar, Henriette (18 November 2023). "West Bank Palestinians report Israeli beatings, mistreatment". Reuters. Retrieved 22 November 2023.

[Amnesty_International-2023-18] "Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests". Amnesty International. 8 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.

[19] Tahhan, Zena Al (21 October 2023). "Israel doubles number of Palestinian prisoners to 10,000 in two weeks". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 November 2023.

[20] Butt, Maira (22 November 2023). "Thousands of Gazans missing in Israel as workers 'rounded up and blindfolded'". The Independent. Retrieved 22 November 2023.

[21] "Israel police boss threatens to send anti-war protesters to Gaza 'on buses'". Al Jazeera. 19 October 2023.

[22] "Israeli schools, already shuttered, to shift to remote learning on Sunday". Reuters. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.

[23] "Israel: Matches postponed by Uefa over security situation". BBC Sport. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.

[24] Bousso, Ron; Rabinovitch, Ari (9 October 2023). "Israel shuts down major offshore gas field amid violence". Reuters. Retrieved 18 October 2023.

[25] Scheer, Steven; Rabinovitch, Ari (9 October 2023). "Bank of Israel to Sell $30b of Foreign Currency to Stabilize Shekel Amid Gaza War". Reuters. Retrieved 18 October 2023.

[Al_Jazeera-2023-26] "Israeli PM Netanyahu, opposition leader Gantz to form emergency unity gov't". Al Jazeera. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.

[Michaelson-2023-27] Michaelson, Ruth; Sherwood, Harriet (11 October 2023). "Netanyahu sets up emergency Israeli unity government and war cabinet". The Guardian.

[28] Sharon, Jeremy. "Gantz's entry into government sidelines far right, with judicial overhaul's future dim". Times of Israel. Retrieved 13 October 2023.

[29] "Israeli PM, opposition leader agree to form "emergency unity gov't"-Xinhua". english.news.cn.

[30] Kershner, Isabel (29 October 2023). "Netanyahu Apologizes After Blaming Security Chiefs for Failure in Hamas Attack". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 October 2023.

[31] Iraqi, Amjad (2024-04-03). "'Lavender': The AI machine directing Israel's bombing spree in Gaza". +972 Magazine. Retrieved 2024-04-03.

[32] Magid, Jacob (April 3, 2024). "Senior Israeli official laments culture of 'shoot first, ask later' gaining ground in IDF". Times of Israel. Retrieved April 3, 2024.

[33] 'The world has turned its back on Palestinians'. Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023 – via YouTube.

[34] Alfonseca, Kiara; Malekian, Somayeh. "'Scary as hell': Gazan describes fearful nights amid Israeli airstrikes". ABC News. Retrieved 21 October 2023.

[35] "Unlawful Gaza Blockade Deadly for Children". Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.

[36] "Entire Families Wiped Out As Israel Continues Heaviest-Ever Airstrikes On Gaza". NDTV. Retrieved 21 October 2023.

[37] Talwar Badam, Ramola (19 October 2023). "Doctors warn of 'catastrophic' conditions in Gaza hospitals as medical supplies dwindle". The National. Retrieved 19 October 2023.

[aa1-38] "Israeli army declares 'state of readiness' for war". Anadolu Agency. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.

[39] Exclusive Interview with Gaza Mayor. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023 – via YouTube.

[40] "Mahmoud Abbas: Palestinians have right to defend themselves against 'terror'". Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.

[41] "'We reject the forced displacement' in Gaza: Abbas tells Blinken in Jordan". Al Jazeera. 13 October 2023.

[42] "President Abbas says Hamas' actions do not represent Palestinians". Reuters. 16 October 2023. Event occurs at 12:06 am GMT+3.

[43] Ashtiyeh, Jaafar (7 October 2023), Palestinians celebrate in Nablus after fighters infiltrated Israel, Philippine Daily Inquirer, archived from the original on 8 December 2023, retrieved 8 December 2023 – via YouTube

[f24-3-44] "Almost 1,000 killed in Israel war with Hamas". France 24. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023. Hamas called on "resistance fighters in the West Bank" and "Arab and Islamic nations" to join the battle

[aj7oct-45] "Israel-Palestine escalation live news: Hamas starts Operation Al-Aqsa Flood". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.

[46] Al Tahhan, Zena. "Israel's war on Gaza: Is the West Bank under increased attack too?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 October 2023.

[47] Saifi, Zeena; Anderson, Becky; Khadder, Kareem (19 October 2023). "Gaza conflict spills into the West Bank as settler attacks and clashes leave dozens of Palestinians dead". CNN. Retrieved 19 October 2023.

[cnnarrest-48] "Hamas spokesman reportedly among scores arrested in occupied West Bank". CNN. 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.

[49] "Joe Biden to visit Israel Wednesday". Globes. 2023-10-17. Archived from the original on October 17, 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-17.

[50] Berman, Lazar; AFP. "Macron reportedly to visit Israel, says 'intense talks' underway over Gaza hostages". www.timesofisrael.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-17.

[51] Lohse, Eckart; Wyssuwa, Matthias (2023-10-17). "Scholz besucht Israel und warnt Hisbollah und Iran". FAZ.NET (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Archived from the original on October 17, 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-17.

[52] "Rishi Sunak calls for stability after backing Israel against Hamas". BBC News. 2023-10-20. Archived from the original on October 19, 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-21.

[un-20231027-53] "General Assembly Adopts Resolution Calling for Immediate, Sustained Humanitarian Truce Leading to Cessation of Hostilities between Israel, Hamas". United Nations. 27 October 2023. GA/12548. Retrieved 29 October 2023.

[ReutersBolivia2-54] Ramos, Daniel (1 November 2023). "Bolivia severs ties with Israel, others recall envoys over Gaza". Reuters. Retrieved 1 November 2023.

[bhrrecall-55] "Bahrain recalls ambassador from Israel, cuts economic ties over Gaza war: Parliament". gulfnews.com. November 2, 2023.

[chdrecall-56] Said, Summer. "Chad Recalls Its Ambassador From Israel". WSJ. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

[chirecall-57] "Chile recalls its ambassador to Israel over 'unacceptable' violations in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 November 2023.

[colrecall-58] Jaramillo Bernat, Emma (2023-11-01). "Petro se distancia más de Israel: llama a consultas a la embajadora" [Petro distances himself further from Israel: he calls the ambassador for consultations]. El País América Colombia (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-11-12.

[honrecall-59] "Honduras latest Latin American country to recall ambassador to Israel". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 November 2023.

[jorrecall-60] "Jordan recalls ambassador to Israel to protest Gaza 'catastrophe'". Al Jazeera. 1 November 2023.

[zafrecall-61] "South Africa recalls ambassador and diplomatic mission to Israel and accuses it of genocide in Gaza". AP News. 2023-11-06. Retrieved 2023-11-06.

[turrecall-62] "Turkey recalls envoy to Israel, 'writes off' Netanyahu". France 24. 2023-11-04. Retrieved 2023-11-04.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|none}}
+{{Lead rewrite|date=May 2024|reason=This is a summary of [[International reactions to the Israel–Hamas war]].}}
-'''Reactions to the Israel–Hamas war''' include significant geopolitical divisions emerged. Much of the [[Western world]] provided "strong" support to Israel militarily and diplomatically,<ref name="global divide">{{Cite news |last1=Busari |first1=Stephanie |last2=Ebrahim |first2=Nadeen |last3=Al Lawati |first3=Abbas |date=19 January 2024 |title=Israel's war in Gaza has exposed a deepening global divide |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/19/middleeast/israels-war-in-gaza-has-exposed-a-deepening-global-divide/index.html |access-date=9 February 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |language=en |quote=Beyond the courtroom drama, experts say divisions over the war in Gaza symbolize a widening gap between Israel and its traditional Western allies, notably the United States and Europe, and a group of nations known as the Global South — countries located primarily in the southern hemisphere, often characterized by lower income levels and developing economies... Israel sided with the West against Soviet-backed Arab regimes during the Cold War, and Western countries largely view it "as a fellow member of the liberal democratic club", he added. "Some of this explains the continued strong Western support for Israel – which has now largely become reflexive." |archive-date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211004529/https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/19/middleeast/israels-war-in-gaza-has-exposed-a-deepening-global-divide/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> including the [[United States]],<ref name=":8" /> [[United Kingdom]],<ref name="Israel-Hamas war" /> and [[Germany]]<ref name=":10" /> although the strong support is "at odds with the attitudes of Western publics which continue to shift away from Israel", according to Hugh Lovatt, a senior policy fellow with the Middle East and North Africa Programme at the [[European Council on Foreign Relations]]. Lovatt says that during the Cold War, Israel sided with the West against the Arab countries supported by the Soviets, and Western leaders generally see Israel "as a fellow member of the [[Liberal democracy|liberal democratic]] club" and that this partially "explains the continued strong Western support for Israel – which has now largely become reflexive".<ref name="global divide" /> In contrast, the [[Muslim world|Islamic world]] and much of the [[Global North and Global South|Global South]] denounced the actions of Israel and its allies, criticizing the "moral authority of the West" and alleging that it holds [[double standard]]s surrounding [[human rights]].<ref name="global divide" /><ref name=":9">{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Phillips |first1=Tom |date=1 November 2023 |title=South American countries recall ambassadors and cut ties with Israel over war with Hamas |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/31/bolivia-israel-hamas-gaza-war-crime |url-access=limited |access-date=5 November 2023}}</ref> The double standards, in their view, is condemning an illegal occupation in Ukraine while standing firmly behind Israel that has occupied Palestinian lands.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stuenkel |first1=Oliver |title=Why the Global South Is Accusing America of Hypocrisy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/11/02/israel-palestine-hamas-gaza-war-russia-ukraine-occupation-west-hypocrisy/ |agency=Foreign Policy |date=2 Nov 2023 |access-date=25 February 2024 |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225100332/https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/11/02/israel-palestine-hamas-gaza-war-russia-ukraine-occupation-west-hypocrisy/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
+'''Reactions to the Israel–Hamas war''' include significant geopolitical divisions emerged. Much of the [[Western world]] provided "strong" support to Israel militarily and diplomatically,<ref name="global divide">{{Cite news |last1=Busari |first1=Stephanie |last2=Ebrahim |first2=Nadeen |last3=Al Lawati |first3=Abbas |date=19 January 2024 |title=Israel's war in Gaza has exposed a deepening global divide |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/19/middleeast/israels-war-in-gaza-has-exposed-a-deepening-global-divide/index.html |access-date=9 February 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |language=en |quote=Beyond the courtroom drama, experts say divisions over the war in Gaza symbolize a widening gap between Israel and its traditional Western allies, notably the United States and Europe, and a group of nations known as the Global South — countries located primarily in the southern hemisphere, often characterized by lower income levels and developing economies... Israel sided with the West against Soviet-backed Arab regimes during the Cold War, and Western countries largely view it "as a fellow member of the liberal democratic club", he added. "Some of this explains the continued strong Western support for Israel – which has now largely become reflexive." |archive-date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211004529/https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/19/middleeast/israels-war-in-gaza-has-exposed-a-deepening-global-divide/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> including the [[United States]],<ref name=":8">{{#invoke:cite news||date=11 October 2023|title=Biden condemns Hamas actions, says US is sending Israel military aid|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/nightly-news/video/biden-condemns-hamas-actions-says-u-s-is-sending-israel-military-aid-194851909853|access-date=11 October 2023|publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> [[United Kingdom]],<ref name="Israel-Hamas war" /> and [[Germany]]<ref name=":10" /> although the strong support is "at odds with the attitudes of Western publics which continue to shift away from Israel", according to Hugh Lovatt, a senior policy fellow with the Middle East and North Africa Programme at the [[European Council on Foreign Relations]]. Lovatt says that during the Cold War, Israel sided with the West against the Arab countries supported by the Soviets, and Western leaders generally see Israel "as a fellow member of the [[Liberal democracy|liberal democratic]] club" and that this partially "explains the continued strong Western support for Israel – which has now largely become reflexive".<ref name="global divide" /> In contrast, the [[Muslim world|Islamic world]] and much of the [[Global North and Global South|Global South]] denounced the actions of Israel and its allies, criticizing the "moral authority of the West" and alleging that it holds [[double standard]]s surrounding [[human rights]].<ref name="global divide" /><ref name=":9">{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Phillips |first1=Tom |date=1 November 2023 |title=South American countries recall ambassadors and cut ties with Israel over war with Hamas |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/31/bolivia-israel-hamas-gaza-war-crime |url-access=limited |access-date=5 November 2023}}</ref> The double standards, in their view, is condemning an illegal occupation in Ukraine while standing firmly behind Israel that has occupied Palestinian lands.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stuenkel |first1=Oliver |title=Why the Global South Is Accusing America of Hypocrisy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/11/02/israel-palestine-hamas-gaza-war-russia-ukraine-occupation-west-hypocrisy/ |agency=Foreign Policy |date=2 Nov 2023 |access-date=25 February 2024 |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225100332/https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/11/02/israel-palestine-hamas-gaza-war-russia-ukraine-occupation-west-hypocrisy/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
-The United States, United Kingdom, and Germany have supplied Israel with substantial military and medical aid.<ref name="Israel-Hamas war" /><ref name="Germany stands firmly" /><ref name=":14" />
+The United States, United Kingdom, and Germany have supplied Israel with substantial military and medical aid.<ref name="Israel-Hamas war" /><ref name="Germany stands firmly" /><ref name=":14">{{#invoke:cite news||date=8 October 2023|title=The US will send a carrier strike group to the Eastern Mediterranean in support of Israel|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-american-carrier-strike-force-mediterranean-db05d535a9ebb931f684f758c9b6f628|access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>
 === Israel ===
@@ Line 47: / Line 48: @@
 {{further |Israel–Hamas war protests |Violent incidents in reaction to the Israel–Hamas war |Calls for a ceasefire during the Israel–Hamas war}}
+On 7 October 2023, [[Israel–Hamas war|a large escalation of the Gaza–Israel conflict began]] with a [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel|coordinated offensive by multiple Palestinian militant groups]] against Israel. A number of countries, including many of Israel's Western allies, such as the United States and a number of European countries, condemned the attacks by [[Hamas]], expressed solidarity for Israel and stated that Israel has a right to defend itself from armed attacks, while countries of the [[Muslim world]] (including the [[Axis of Resistance]]) have expressed support for the Palestinians, blaming the [[Israeli occupation]] of the [[Palestinian territories]] as being the root cause for the escalation of violence. The events prompted several world leaders to announce their intention to visit Israel, including US President [[Joe Biden]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-17 |title=Joe Biden to visit Israel Wednesday |url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-joe-biden-to-visit-israel-wednesday-1001460334 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017042653/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-joe-biden-to-visit-israel-wednesday-1001460334 |archive-date=October 17, 2023 |access-date=2023-10-17 |work=Globes |language=en}}</ref> French President [[Emmanuel Macron]],<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Berman |first1=Lazar |last2=AFP |title=Macron reportedly to visit Israel, says 'intense talks' underway over Gaza hostages |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/macron-reportedly-to-visit-israel-says-intense-talks-underway-over-gaza-hostages/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017105925/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/macron-reportedly-to-visit-israel-says-intense-talks-underway-over-gaza-hostages/ |archive-date=October 17, 2023 |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US}}</ref> German Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]],<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Lohse |first1=Eckart |last2=Wyssuwa |first2=Matthias |date=2023-10-17 |title=Scholz besucht Israel und warnt Hisbollah und Iran |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/israel-krieg/scholz-besucht-israel-und-warnt-hisbollah-und-iran-19248777.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017114440/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/israel-krieg/scholz-besucht-israel-und-warnt-hisbollah-und-iran-19248777.html |archive-date=October 17, 2023 |access-date=2023-10-17 |work=FAZ.NET |language=de |issn=0174-4909}}</ref> and British Prime Minister [[Rishi Sunak]].<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-10-20 |title=Rishi Sunak calls for stability after backing Israel against Hamas |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-67151404 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019074415/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-67151404 |archive-date=October 19, 2023 |access-date=2023-10-21 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
-==== Arab world ====
-In contrast to previous Palestinian–Israeli wars, many Arab governments such as Egypt and Jordan had strongly negative views on Hamas,<ref>Tianshe CHEN (2010) Support or Hostility: the Relationship between Arab Countries and Hamas, Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 4:2, 100–120, DOI: 10.1080/19370679.2010.12023158</ref> they restrained their official reactions to neutral press statements. Public reaction in the Arab world was much more positive towards Hamas, being strongly influenced by Hamas-produced social media videos that were viewed millions of times.<ref name="Kirkpatrick-2023">{{cite magazine |last1=Kirkpatrick |first1=David |last2=Rasgon |first2=Adam |date=30 October 2023 |title=The Hamas Propaganda War |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-hamas-propaganda-war |access-date=1 November 2023 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101001656/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-hamas-propaganda-war |url-status=live}}</ref> The Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion, originally blamed on an Israeli airstrike, further damaged diplomatic relations between Israel and Arab states keen to avoid antagonizing their public.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=Only America can stop the Israel-Gaza war from becoming a bigger catastrophe|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2023/10/19/the-stakes-could-hardly-be-higher-in-the-israel-gaza-conflict|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|access-date=19 October 2023}}</ref>
+Numerous countries [[Calls for a ceasefire during the Israel–Hamas war|called for a ceasefire]] and de-escalation. International organizations, student organizations, charities, ecumenical Christian organizations, and Jewish and Islamic groups commented on the situation. On 27 October 2023, the [[United Nations General Assembly]] passed [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/21|a resolution calling for]] an immediate and sustained humanitarian truce and cessation of hostilities, adopted by a vote of 121 states to 14, with 44 abstentions.<ref name="un-20231027">{{cite web |date=27 October 2023 |title=General Assembly Adopts Resolution Calling for Immediate, Sustained Humanitarian Truce Leading to Cessation of Hostilities between Israel, Hamas |url=https://press.un.org/en/2023/ga12548.doc.htm |access-date=29 October 2023 |publisher=United Nations |id=GA/12548}}</ref> As of 6 November 2023, [[Bolivia–Israel relations|Bolivia]] has severed diplomatic relations with Israel,<ref name="ReutersBolivia2">{{Cite news |last=Ramos |first=Daniel |date=1 November 2023 |title=Bolivia severs ties with Israel, others recall envoys over Gaza |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/bolivia-severs-diplomatic-ties-with-israel-citing-crimes-against-humanity-2023-10-31/ |access-date=1 November 2023 |work=Reuters}}</ref> while [[Bahrain–Israel relations|Bahrain]],<ref name="bhrrecall">{{Cite web |date=November 2, 2023 |title=Bahrain recalls ambassador from Israel, cuts economic ties over Gaza war: Parliament |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/bahrain-recalls-ambassador-from-israel-cuts-economic-ties-over-gaza-war-parliament-1.99148034 |website=gulfnews.com}}</ref> [[Chad–Israel relations|Chad]],<ref name="chdrecall">{{cite news |last1=Said |first1=Summer |title=Chad Recalls Its Ambassador From Israel |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip-2023-11-04/card/chad-recalls-its-ambassador-from-israel-vZ8ZEA1mFMmsRn7D0Ikb |access-date=5 November 2023 |newspaper=WSJ |publisher=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> [[Chile–Israel relations|Chile]],<ref name="chirecall">{{cite web |title=Chile recalls its ambassador to Israel over 'unacceptable' violations in Gaza |url=https://aje.io/cevgx6?update=2453013 |access-date=1 November 2023 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> [[Colombia–Israel relations|Colombia]],<ref name="colrecall">{{Cite web |last=Jaramillo Bernat |first=Emma |date=2023-11-01 |title=Petro se distancia más de Israel: llama a consultas a la embajadora |trans-title=Petro distances himself further from Israel: he calls the ambassador for consultations |url=https://elpais.com/america-colombia/2023-11-01/petro-se-distancia-mas-de-israel-llama-a-consultas-a-la-embajadora.html |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=El País América Colombia |language=es-CO}}</ref> [[Honduras]],<ref name="honrecall">{{cite web |title=Honduras latest Latin American country to recall ambassador to Israel |url=https://aje.io/ddc07n?update=2460343 |access-date=3 November 2023 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> [[Israel–Jordan relations|Jordan]],<ref name="jorrecall">{{Cite web |date=1 November 2023 |title=Jordan recalls ambassador to Israel to protest Gaza 'catastrophe' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/1/jordan-recalls-ambassador-to-israel-to-protest-gaza-catastrophe |work=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> [[Israel–South Africa relations|South Africa]]<ref name="zafrecall">{{Cite news |date=2023-11-06 |title=South Africa recalls ambassador and diplomatic mission to Israel and accuses it of genocide in Gaza |url=https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-israel-palestine-diplomats-withdraw-7a1a0ab8524a8d35fa05c1215766853c |access-date=2023-11-06 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> and [[Israel–Turkey relations|Turkey]]<ref name="turrecall">{{cite web |date=2023-11-04 |title=Turkey recalls envoy to Israel, 'writes off' Netanyahu |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231104-turkey-recalls-envoy-to-israel-blasts-netanyahu |access-date=2023-11-04 |work=[[France 24]]}}</ref> have recalled their ambassadors from Israel, citing Israeli actions during the war.
-Whereas [[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]], owned by the government of Qatar, gave airtime to Hamas officials, news channels in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, such as [[Al Arabiya]] and [[Sky News Arabia]], interviewed mainly Arabic-speaking Jews. News anchors in these countries did not refer to the IDF as an "occupation army", and referred to Palestinian casualties as "victims" rather than "martyrs";<ref name="The Economist-2">{{#invoke:cite news||title=The Arab world thinks differently about this war |url=https://www.economist.com/briefing/2023/10/18/the-arab-world-thinks-differently-about-this-war |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref> however, as the war progressed, these channels increasingly adopted an anti-Israel and pro-Hamas stance.<ref name="Kirkpatrick-2023" /> Many in Lebanon, Syria, and Egypt also fear that they may unwillingly be drawn into the conflict through the actions of Hezbollah and Iran. In Egypt, populist pro-government talk show hosts opined against Hamas, asking why Egyptians should suffer to help Palestinians.<ref name="The Economist-2" /> Egypt, despite having been pressed by the United States, refused to accept refugees from Gaza.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=As war looms Israel calls for 1.1m people to evacuate northern Gaza |date=13 October 2023 |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/10/13/as-war-looms-israel-calls-for-11m-people-to-evacuate-northern-gaza |newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref>
-A [[2023 Arab-Islamic extraordinary summit|joint Islamic-Arab summit]] in Riyadh on 11 November 2023 called for the International Criminal Court to investigate "war crimes and crimes against humanity that Israel is committing" in the Palestinian territories and for an immediate end to the fighting in Gaza.<ref name="ReutersRiyadh" /> The summit was attended by dozens of leaders including Iranian President [[Ebrahim Raisi]], Turkish President [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]], Qatar's Emir [[Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani]] and Syrian President [[Bashar al-Assad]], who had been welcomed back into the Arab League earlier in 2023.<ref name="ReutersRiyadh" /> [[Prince Mohammed bin Salman]] expressed "condemnation and categorical rejection of this barbaric war against our brothers in Palestine".<ref name="ReutersRiyadh">{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Yaakoubi |first1=Aziz El |last2=Abdallah |first2=Nayera |date=12 November 2023 |title=Arab and Muslim leaders demand immediate end to Gaza war |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-host-extraordinary-joint-islamic-arab-summit-riyadh-saturday-2023-11-10/ |access-date=19 November 2023}}</ref>
-Many across the Middle East, particularly among the younger population, have been [[boycott]]ing US brands for perceived complicity in the destruction in Gaza since the start of the war.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Allam |first1=Hannah |last2=Chamaa |first2=Mohamad El |date=23 November 2023 |title=Many in Middle East blame United States for devastation in Gaza |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/23/israel-gaza-war-america-middle-east/ |access-date=24 November 2023 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
-==== Hezbollah ====
-Hezbollah denied knowledge of the attacks and warned the United States not to invade Lebanon, saying that they were prepared to face the US military.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/207889/US-fully-responsible-for-events-in-Gaza-Nasrallah |title=US fully responsible for events in Gaza: Nasrallah |date=3 November 2023 |work=[[Mehr News]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2023/11/03/2982724/al-aqsa-storm-operation-100-percent-palestinian-says-hezbollah-chief |title=Al-Aqsa Storm Operation 100 Percent Palestinian, Says Hezbollah Chief – World news |website=Tasnim News Agency}}</ref> In a speech on 3 November, Hezbollah leader [[Hassan Nasrallah]] said Americans had threatened to bomb Iran,<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://www.iranintl.com/202311035080 |title=حسن نصرالله: آمریکا پیام داده اگر به عملیات ادامه دهیم، ایران را بمباران خواهد کرد |language=fa |trans-title=Hassan Nasrallah: America has sent a message that if we continue the operation, it will bomb Iran |date=3 November 2023}}</ref> and emphasized that Hezbollah had entered the war the day after Hamas's attack and that it would not stop its ongoing skirmishes with Israel.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/3/hezbollahs-hassan-nasrallah-speech-on-israel-hamas-war-key-takeaways |title=Hezbollah's Hassan Nasrallah speech on Israel-Hamas war: Key takeaways |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> He stated that the United States was fully responsible for the current war against Gaza and its people and that Israel was merely the "instrument of execution". He also said that anyone who wants to prevent a regional war must immediately stop the aggression against Gaza.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=Hezbollah chief warns Israel-Hamas war could become regional conflict |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231103-hezbollah-chief-to-break-silence-on-israel-hamas-war |work=[[France 24]] |date=11 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=After Nasrallah speech, US warns Hezbollah not to 'take advantage' of Israel-Hamas war |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/after-nasrallah-speech-us-warns-hezbollah-not-to-take-advantage-of-israel-hamas-war |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=3 November 2023}}</ref>
-==== Iran ====
-Iran has praised the attack while being cautious to distance itself from its planning and execution.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first=Giselle Ruhiyyih |last=Ewing |title=Iran praises Hamas as attack reverberates around Middle East |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/07/iran-praises-hamas-attack-israel-middle-east-00120491 |access-date=14 October 2023 |work=[[The Politico]] |date=7 October 2023 |quote=top military adviser to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Major General Yahya Rahim Safavi, pledged Iranian support to the Hamas operation against Israel}}</ref> Hamas spokesman [[Ghazi Hamad]] told the BBC that Hamas had direct backing for the attack from Iran;<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Kirby |first=Paul |date=8 October 2023 |title=Israel faces 'long, difficult war' after Hamas attack from Gaza |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67044182 |access-date=11 October 2023 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |quote=Ghazi Hamad, a Hamas spokesman, meanwhile told the BBC that the group had direct backing for the attack from Iran}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Tan |first=Clement |date=9 October 2023 |title=Middle East risks prospect of fresh regional war after Hamas stealth attack on Israel |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/10/09/israel-hamas-attack-middle-east-risks-prospect-of-fresh-regional-war.html |access-date=11 October 2023 |work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> European, Iranian and Syrian officers corroborated Iran's involvement,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first1=Summer |last1=Said |first2=Benoit |last2=Faucon |first3=Stephen |last3=Kalin |title=Iran Helped Plot Attack on Israel Over Several Weeks |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/iran-israel-hamas-strike-planning-bbe07b25?mod=WTRN_pos1&cx_testId=3&cx_testVariant=cx_160&cx_artPos=0 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=8 October 2023 |quote=Iranian security officials helped plan Hamas's Saturday surprise attack on Israel and gave the green light for the assault at a meeting in Beirut last Monday, according to senior members of Hamas and Hezbollah [...] Details of the operation were refined during several meetings in Beirut attended by IRGC officers [...] A European official and an adviser to the Syrian government, however, gave the same account of Iran's involvement in the lead-up to the attack as the senior Hamas and Hezbollah members}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first1=Farnaz |last1=Fassihi |first2=Ronen |last2=Bergman |title=Hamas Attack on Israel Brings New Scrutiny of Group's Ties to Iran |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/13/world/middleeast/hamas-iran-israel-attack.html |access-date=17 October 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=13 October 2023 |quote=leaders from Iran, Hezbollah and Hamas helped plan the attack starting over a year ago, trained militants and had advanced knowledge of it. That account is based on interviews with three Iranians affiliated with the Revolutionary Guards, one Iranian connected to senior leadership and a Syrian affiliated with Hezbollah}}</ref> while senior Hamas official Mahmoud Mirdawi said the group planned the attacks on its own.<ref name="Iran Helped Plot Attack">{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Said |first1=Summer |last2=Faucon |first2=Benoit |last3=Kalin |first3=Stephen |date=8 October 2023 |title=Iran Helped Plot Attack on Israel Over Several Weeks |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/iran-israel-hamas-strike-planning-bbe07b25 |url-access=subscription |access-date=11 October 2023 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> The Israeli army and the United States say that there is no evidence that Iran is connected with the attack by Hamas.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wintour |first1=Patrick |title=No evidence yet of Iran link to Hamas attack, says Israeli military |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/09/no-evidence-yet-of-iran-link-to-hamas-attack-says-israeli-military |website=theguardian |date=9 October 2023}}</ref> American intelligence appeared to show that Hamas's attack on Israel caught Iranian authorities by surprise.<ref>{{cite news|last1=De Luce |first1=Dan |last2=Dilanian |first2=Ken |title=U.S. intelligence indicates Iranian leaders were surprised by Hamas attack |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/investigations/us-intelligence-indicates-iranian-leaders-surprised-hamas-attack-rcna119946 |publisher=[[NBC News]] |date=11 October 2023}}</ref>
-According to a report by [[Al-Monitor]], since the start of the war between Israel and the Gaza militias, Iran has tried to show a face of disinterest in the spillover of the conflict, and on the other hand, it has pursued an active diplomatic campaign to isolate Israel. Supporting the cause of Palestine has been one of the ideological principles of Iran's [[Shia Islam]]ic theocracy after the [[1979 revolution]],<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||title=How might Iran respond to an Israeli ground incursion into Gaza? |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/10/how-might-iran-respond-israeli-ground-incursion-gaza |work=Al-Monitor |date=21 October 2023}}</ref> with Ayatollah [[Ruhollah Khomeini]], the first supreme leader of Iran, announcing the last Friday of every Ramadan as "[[Quds Day]]"<ref>{{#invoke:cite book||last=Reiter |first=Yitzhak |url=https://archive.org/details/jerusalemitsrole00reit |title=Jerusalem and Its Role in Islamic Solidarity |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-230-60782-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jerusalemitsrole00reit/page/n96 88]}}</ref> and inviting all the Muslims of the world to express solidarity with the legitimate rights of the Palestinian Muslim people.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||url=http://www.irib.ir/occasions/Quds_Day/Quds%20dayEn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031028225026/http://www.irib.ir/occasions/Quds_Day/Quds%20dayEn.htm |archive-date=28 October 2003 |title=Qudsday}}</ref>
-The Iranian government opened an account for people to deliver charitable aid.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||script-title=fa:چگونه می‌توانیم به غزه کمک کنیم |language=fa |trans-title=How can we help Gaza? |url=https://www.irna.ir/amp/85263298/ |access-date=22 October 2023 |work=IRNA}}</ref> It also opened a website and reported that more than six million volunteered to fight.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://alaqsastorm.com/aqsa/ |script-title=ar:طوفان الاقصی |language=ar |trans-title=Al-Aqsa flood |work=Al-Aqsa Storm |access-date=22 November 2023 |archive-date=23 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023140301/https://alaqsastorm.com/aqsa/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Supreme Leader Ayatollah [[Ali Khamenei]] threatened that Islamic resistance was going to become unstoppable should the war continue.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://www.radiofarda.com/amp/32641011.html |title=خامنه‌ای درباره تداوم حملات اسرائیل به حماس در غزه هشدار داد |trans-title=Khamenei warned about the continuation of Israel's attacks on Hamas in Gaza |work=Radio Farda |language=fa}}</ref> His spokesperson later said that the [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|2015 Iran nuclear deal]] would have delayed it but Israel would have collapsed within five years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://www.didbaniran.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-3/166519-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA |title=رئیس دفتر رهبری: آیت الله خامنه ای وقایع را پیش بینی می کنند/برخی از مسؤولین نظامی اظهار داشته اند که نابودی اسرائیل در ۵ سال آینده شدنی است |trans-title=The head of the leadership office: Ayatollah Khamenei is predicting events/some military officials have stated that the destruction of Israel is possible in the next 5 years. |date=24 October 2023 |work=دیدبان ایران |language=ar}}</ref>
-Khamenei pointed to foreign visits to Israel and said that the fall of Israel was imminent.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/490582/Western-leaders-flocking-to-Israel-indicative-of-regime-collapse |title=Western leaders flocking to Israel indicative of regime collapse: Leader |date=25 October 2023 |work=[[Tehran Times]]}}</ref>
-On 1 November, the Iranian government criminalized expressions of support for Israel and making contact with its people.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||title=ایران حمایت از اسرائیل در فضای مجازی را "جرم" دانست |trans-title=Iran considered supporting Israel in cyberspace as a "crime". |url=https://www.radiofarda.com/amp/iran-support-israel-crime/32663489.html |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||title=روابط ایرانیان و اسرائیلی‌‌‌‌ها در فضای مجازی "جرم" اعلام شد – Dw – ۱۴۰۲/۸/۹ |trans-title=The relations between Iranians and Israelis in cyber space was declared a "crime" – Dw – 8/9/1402 |url=https://amp.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%AF/a-67268444 |language=fa}}</ref> That same day, Khamenei called on Muslim states to impose a food and fuel blockade on Israel.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2023/11/1/irans-khamenei-calls-upon-muslim-countries-to-boycott-israel-over-gaza-war |title=Iran's Khamenei calls for boycott of Israel amid Gaza bombardment |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref>
-Khamenei however conveyed to Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh that Iran would not directly intervene in the conflict with Israel, citing lack of prior warning about the 7 October attack. Despite this, Iran pledged to continue providing political and moral support to Hamas, urging restraint against calls for direct involvement by Iran and its ally Hezbollah.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=15 November 2023 |title=Iran tells Hamas it will not enter the war with Israel |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/11/15/iran-tells-hamas-will-not-enter-war-israel/ |access-date=17 November 2023 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Hafezi |first1=Parisa |last2=Bassam |first2=Laila |last3=Mohammed |first3=Arshad |date=15 November 2023 |title=Insight: Iran's 'Axis of Resistance' against Israel faces trial by fire |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/irans-axis-resistance-against-israel-faces-trial-by-fire-2023-11-15/ |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref> The IRGC's [[Quds Force]] promised it would continue supporting Hamas,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=16 November 2023 |title=Iran will do 'whatever it takes' to help Hamas in war with Israel: Quds Force chief |work=[[Al Arabiya]] |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/11/16/Iran-will-do-whatever-it-takes-to-help-Hamas-in-war-with-Israel-Quds-Force-chief}}</ref> while the IRGC's commander General [[Hossein Salami]] said that the war would bring about a political and economic decline of the US.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||title=تمام اندوخته‌ غرب با طوفان‌الاقصی بر باد رفت/ مدافعان حرم یک ملت را از تحقیر نجات دادند |trans-title=All the reserves of the West were blown away by the Al-Aqsa storm/ The defenders of the shrine saved a nation from humiliation |url=https://www.irna.ir/news/85298426/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85-%DB%8C%DA%A9 |access-date=2 December 2023 |website=www.irna.ir |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||date=19 November 2023 |title=فرمانده کل سپاه پاسداران:‌ اقتصاد آمریکا تحت تاثیر جنگ غزه افول خواهد کرد |trans-title=Commander-in-Chief of the IRGC: The American economy will decline under the influence of the Gaza war |url=https://www.iranintl.com/202311185078 |website=ایران اینترنشنال |language=fa}}</ref>
-==== United States ====
-{{further|United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war|Accusations of United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Gaza Strip|Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–2024)}}
-[[File:231013-D-TT977-1296 (53255665504).jpg|thumb|US Secretary of Defense [[Lloyd Austin]] with Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] and Minister of Defense [[Yoav Gallant]] in Tel Aviv, Israel, 13 October 2023]]
-[[File:The USS Dwight D. Eisenhower and USS USS Gerald R. Ford carrier strike groups in November 2023.jpg|thumb|The {{USS|Dwight D. Eisenhower|CVN-69|6}} and {{USS|Gerald R. Ford|CVN-78|6}} carrier strike groups in November 2023]]
-Polling has indicated a divide between government policy on the Israel-Hamas war and the views of the general public.<ref name="Lange-2023">{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Lange |first1=Jason |last2=Spetalnick |first2=Matt |date=15 November 2023 |title=US public support for Israel drops; majority backs a ceasefire, Reuters/Ipsos shows |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-public-support-israel-drops-majority-backs-ceasefire-reutersipsos-2023-11-15/ |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>  A March 2024 Gallup poll found that a strong majority of Americans disapproved of Israeli conduct during the war.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Jeffrey |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Majority in U.S. Now Disapprove of Israeli Action in Gaza |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/642695/majority-disapprove-israeli-action-gaza.aspx |access-date=April 3, 2024 |website=[[Gallup Inc.]] |language=en}}</ref> It found that 36% approved "of the military action Israel has taken in Gaza" while 55% disapproved.<ref name=":0" /> A November 2023 poll had 68% of Americans agreeing with a statement that "Israel should call a ceasefire and try to negotiate". 43% opposed [[Israel–United States military relations|military aid to Israel]] and 39% said that the U.S. should be a neutral mediator.<ref name="Lange-2023" /> A February 2024 ''[[Associated Press]]'' poll found that 44% saw Israel as "a partner that the U.S. should cooperate with, but doesn't share its interests and values", while 35% saw Israel "as an ally that shares U.S. interests and values". 50% of Americans believed Israel had "gone too far" in its response, 31% thought Israel had "been about right" and 15% thought Israel had "not gone far enough".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=Half of US adults say Israel has gone too far in war in Gaza, AP-NORC poll shows |url=https://news.yahoo.com/half-poll-israel-gone-too-152420843.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |publisher=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref> Young Americans have been significantly less supportive of Israel than older generations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-21 |title=Biden threatened by generation gap on Israel among Democrats, Yahoo News/YouGov poll finds |url=https://news.yahoo.com/biden-threatened-by-generation-gap-on-israel-among-democrats-yahoo-newsyougov-poll-finds-214207467.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Rebecca |date=2023-12-13 |title=TikTok isn't creating false support for Palestine. It's just reflecting what's already there. |url=https://www.vox.com/culture/23997305/tiktok-palestine-israel-gaza-war |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref> On 25 February 2024, Aaron Bushnell, a 25-year-old serviceman of the United States Air Force, [[Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell|fatally self-immolated]] outside the front gate of the [[Embassy of Israel, Washington, D.C.|Embassy of Israel in Washington, D.C.]] in protest of the ongoing military support of the war.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kavi |first=Aishvarya |date=February 25, 2024 |title=A man set himself on fire outside the Israeli Embassy in Washington, the police said. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/25/world/middleeast/israel-embassy-man-on-fire.html |access-date=February 26, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225234815/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/25/world/middleeast/israel-embassy-man-on-fire.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=de Guzman |first=Chad |date=February 25, 2024|title=U.S. Air Force Member Sets Self on Fire Outside Israel's Embassy in D.C. to Protest War in Gaza |url=https://time.com/6821425/israel-embassy-air-force-protest-fire-self-immolation-aaron-bushnell-latest-updates/ |access-date=February 26, 2024 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-date=February 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226053631/https://time.com/6821425/israel-embassy-air-force-protest-fire-self-immolation-aaron-bushnell-latest-updates/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
-Hours after Hamas's attack, US President Biden promised "rock-solid and unwavering" support to Israel and called Hamas's attack "unadulterated evil", comparing the group to [[ISIS]].<ref name=":8">{{#invoke:cite news||date=11 October 2023 |title=Biden condemns Hamas actions, says US is sending Israel military aid |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/nightly-news/video/biden-condemns-hamas-actions-says-u-s-is-sending-israel-military-aid-194851909853 |access-date=11 October 2023 |publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> Biden said the attack on Israel was intended in part to scuttle an Israel-Saudi Arabia normalization agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first=Giselle Ruhiyyih |last=Ewing |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/21/biden-says-hamas-attacks-aimed-to-halt-israel-saudi-arabia-agreement-00122880 |title=Hamas attacks aimed to halt Israel-Saudi Arabia agreement |work=[[Politico]] |date=21 October 2023 |access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref> To replenish Israel's stockpiles, the US said it would send [[Iron Dome]] missiles, small bombs, and [[JDAM]] conversion kits, in addition to fulfilling previous contracts to deliver [[F-35]] fighter jets, [[CH-53]] helicopters, and [[KC-46]] air refueling tankers.<ref name="Hammer-2023">{{Cite magazine |last=Hammer |first=Mathias |date=3 November 2023 |title=What to Know About U.S. Military Support to Israel |url=https://time.com/6331133/israel-gaza-biden-military-support/ |access-date=4 November 2023 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104032229/https://time.com/6331133/israel-gaza-biden-military-support/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Biden also called on Congress to pass $14.3 billion in emergency military aid to Israel.<ref name="Hammer-2023" /><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |last2=Demirjian |first2=Karoun |date=20 October 2023 |title=Biden Requests $105 Billion Aid Package for Israel, Ukraine and Other Crises |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/20/us/politics/biden-aid-israel-ukraine-taiwan-border.html |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref> Details of weapons sent to Israel, which have been arriving daily, have been kept secret. Leaked details have shown that the US has sent laser-guided missiles, 155mm shells, new army vehicles, among others, at Israel's request.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Capaccio |first=Anthony |date=14 November 2023 |title=US Is Quietly Sending Israel More Ammunition, Missiles |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-11-14/pentagon-is-quietly-sending-israel-ammunition-laser-guided-missiles |access-date=15 November 2023}}</ref> Early in the war, the [[United States Department of Defense|Pentagon]] said it would impose no limits on Israel's use of American weapons.<ref name="Hammer-2023" />
-A [[United States Navy]] [[carrier strike group]], including the aircraft carriers {{USS|Gerald R. Ford|CVN-78|6}} and {{USS|Dwight D. Eisenhower|CVN-69|6}}, deployed to the [[Eastern Mediterranean]] after the Hamas attack,<ref name=":14">{{#invoke:cite news||date=8 October 2023 |title=The US will send a carrier strike group to the Eastern Mediterranean in support of Israel |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-american-carrier-strike-force-mediterranean-db05d535a9ebb931f684f758c9b6f628 |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first1=Martha |last1=Raddatz |author1-link=Martha Raddatz |first2=Luis |last2=Martinez |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/exclusive-us-send-2nd-aircraft-carrier-eastern-mediterranean/story?id=103984246 |title=Exclusive: US to send 2nd aircraft carrier to eastern Mediterranean |publisher=[[ABC News]] |date=15 October 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023}}</ref> reportedly to deter other actors from entering the conflict.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Mitchell |first=Ellen |date=10 October 2023 |title=US Strike Group arrives in Eastern Mediterranean as 'strong signal of deterrence' |url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/4248644-us-strike-group-arrives-in-eastern-mediterranean-as-strong-signal-of-deterrence/ |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref> In mid-October, 2,000 US troops were also prepared for possible deployment to Israel.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Bertrand |first1=Natasha |date=16 October 2023 |title=US Marine rapid response force moving toward Israel as Pentagon strengthens military posture in region |publisher=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/16/politics/us-marines-pentagon-israel/index.html}}</ref> US officials said the Biden administration advised Israel to delay its October ground invasion of the Gaza Strip to allow more time for hostage negotiations.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first=Alex |last=Marquardt |title=US seeks delay of Israeli ground incursion for more time for hostage talks |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/22/politics/us-israel-ground-incursion-delay/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=22 October 2023}}</ref>
-''[[Foreign Policy]]'' reported on a "groundswell of opposition" among US diplomats and national security officials, against what they saw as Biden's "blank check" for the Israeli counterattack.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Gramer |first=Robbie |date=1 November 2023 |title=The Storm of Dissent Brewing in the State Department |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/11/01/israel-hamas-war-state-department-internal-dissent-biden-policy/ |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> In early November, "more than 630 employees" of the [[US Agency for International Development]] signed a letter calling for an "immediate ceasefire".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Salcedo |first1=Andrea |last2=Hudson |first2=John |date=4 November 2023 |title=USAID staffers urge Biden to push Israel toward 'immediate cease-fire' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/11/03/usaid-workers-ceasefire-israel-hamas/ |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref>
-The House of Representatives on 5 December passed a resolution that included language that said the House "clearly and firmly states that anti-Zionism is antisemitism" and which condemned the slogan "[[From the river to the sea]]".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Harb |first1=Ali |title='Anti-Zionism is antisemitism,' US House asserts in 'dangerous' resolution |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/6/anti-zionism-is-antisemitism-us-house-asserts-in-dangerous-resolution |agency=[[Al Jazeera English|Al-Jazeera]] |date=6 December 2023}}</ref>
-As the war went on, the US government became more critical of Israel, and their relations became strained.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden and Netanyahu's deepening rift on public display |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-68546686 |work=BBC News |date=12 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=US-Israel relations tested as gap between President Biden, Netanyahu widens - analysis |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-792811 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |date=20 March 2024}}</ref> US Vice-President [[Kamala Harris]] said on 2 December that "too many innocent Palestinians have been killed" and that "international humanitarian law must be respected". She said that at the end of the conflict, there must be "No forcible displacement, no reoccupation, no siege or blockade, no reduction in territory, and no use of Gaza as a platform for terrorism".<ref>{{cite news |title=VP Harris calls on Israel to respect international law, stop killing innocent Palestinians |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/world/israel-hamas/2023/12/02/kamala-harris-rebuke-israel-gaza-killings/71783397007/ |work=[[USA Today]] |date=2 December 2023}}</ref> Ten days later, US President Biden warned that Israel was losing international support because of its "indiscriminate bombing" of Gaza.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden takes a tougher stance on Israel's 'indiscriminate bombing' of Gaza |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-israel-hamas-oct-7-44c4229d4c1270d9cfa484b664a22071 |work=[[Associated Press]] |date=12 December 2023}}</ref> Biden criticized Israel's war cabinet and called on Netanyahu to replace it.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.voanews.com/a/isolated-internationally-on-gaza-biden-delivers-rebuke-to-netanyahu/7395986.html |title=Isolated Internationally on Gaza, Biden Delivers Rebuke to Netanyahu |date=12 December 2023 |work=[[Voice of America]]}}</ref>
-In February 2024, Biden called Israel's actions in Gaza "over the top",<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abutaleb |first1=Yasmeen |title=Biden says Israel's military conduct in Gaza has been 'over the top' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/02/08/biden-israel-gaza-speech-netanyahu/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=8 February 2024 |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref> and issued a [[national security directive]] requiring written assurances from Israel (and other countries) that it was using US-supplied weapons in line with international law.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abutaleb |first1=Yasmeen |title=Biden says countries receiving U.S. weapons must adhere to international law |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/02/08/biden-memo-weapons-international-law/# |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=8 February 2024 |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>
-On 4 March, US Vice-President Harris called for "an immediate ceasefire" because of "the immense scale of suffering in Gaza". She said Israel must let more aid into Gaza and was imposing "unnecessary restrictions".<ref>{{cite web |title=US VP Harris calls for 'immediate' Gaza truce in rare rebuke of Israel |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/4/us-vp-harris-calls-for-immediate-gaza-ceasefire-in-rare-rebuke-of-israel |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=4 March 2024}}</ref> In a speech on 14 March, the US [[Senate majority leader]], [[Chuck Schumer]], berated Israeli PM Netanyahu as an "obstacle to peace". He said that Netanyahu "has been too willing to tolerate the civilian toll in Gaza" and that "Israel cannot survive if it becomes a pariah".<ref name="Schumer">{{cite news |title=Biden praises Schumer's "good speech" criticizing Netanyahu |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-schumer-speech-netanyahu-gaza/ |work=[[CBS News]] |date=15 March 2024}}</ref> Schumer called for [[Next Israeli legislative election|new Israeli elections]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-14 |title=Top Democrat Chuck Schumer calls for new Israel election |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68568586 |access-date=2024-03-14 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> President Biden praised the speech and said Schumer's "serious concerns" are shared by many Americans.<ref name="Schumer" />
-Mounting criticism of Israel's actions has not led to a change in US policy regarding the sale of weapons to Israel. As of March 2024, Washington has approved more than 100 military sales to Israel. The Biden administration has bypassed congressional and public scrutiny by separating arms transfers into sales below the dollar amount where an official public notification is required.<ref>{{Cite news |last=John |first=Hudson |date=6 March 2024 |title=U.S. floods arms into Israel despite mounting alarm over war's conduct |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/03/06/us-weapons-israel-gaza/ |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> On 29 March the Washington Post reported that the US approved billions of dollars in additional weapons transfers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=John |first=Hudson |date=29 March 2024 |title=U.S. signs off on more bombs, warplanes for Israel |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/03/29/us-weapons-israel-gaza-war/ |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>
-On 2 April 2024, it was reported the [[Presidency of Joe Biden|Biden administration]] put pressure on [[United States Congress|Congress]] to approve the large-scale sale of [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle|F-15 fighters]] to Israel in a deal worth 18 billion dollars.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Crowley |first1=Michael |last2=Wong |first2=Edward |date=2 April 2024 |title=Biden Administration Presses Congress on $18 Billion Sale of F-15 Jets to Israel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/02/us/politics/biden-israel-weapons-deal.html |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref>
-A surge in pro-Palestinian [[2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses|protests]] [[List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024|on American university campuses]] began on April 17.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-02 |title=Where Protesters on U.S. Campuses Have Been Arrested or Detained |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/us/pro-palestinian-college-protests-encampments.html |access-date=2024-05-04 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On 23 April, former House speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]] called on Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] to resign.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Kathryn |date=23 April 2024 |title=Pelosi says Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu "should resign"|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nancy-pelosi-says-benjamin-netanyahu-should-resign/ |website=CBS News}}</ref>
-==== United Nations ====
-[[File:UN Resolution regarding the 2023 Israel–Hamas war 2.svg|thumb|On 12 December 2023, the UN General Assembly passed [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/22|Resolution ES-10/22]] calling for an immediate ceasefire and the "immediate and unconditional" release of the hostages.
-{{Legend|#74C365|In favor}}
-{{Legend|#AB4E52|Against}}
-{{Legend|#FADA5E|Abstentions}}
-{{Legend|#89CFF0|Absent}}
-{{Legend|#C0C0C0|Non member}}]]
-On 25 October, UN Secretary-General António Guterres called for a ceasefire, during a speech in which he stated that the attacks by Hamas "did not happen in a vacuum" and needed to be understood in the context of 56 years of Israel's "suffocating occupation" of Palestinians, further stating, "the grievances of the Palestinian people cannot justify the appalling attacks by Hamas. And those appalling attacks cannot justify the collective punishment of the Palestinian people."<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Carroll |first1=Rory |date=25 October 2023 |title=UN's António Guterres calls for immediate ceasefire to end 'epic suffering' in Gaza |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/24/un-calls-for-immediate-ceasefire-to-end-epic-suffering-in-gaza |access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="Hülsemann-2023">{{#invoke:cite news||first=Laura |last=Hülsemann |date=24 October 2023 |title=Israel slams UN chief for saying Hamas attack 'did not happen in a vacuum,' calls for his resignation |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/israel-united-nations-antonio-guterres-hamas-attack-vacuum-comments/ |access-date=26 October 2023 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Israel responded by saying it would ban UN representatives from Israel to "teach them a lesson", and called for the Secretary-General's resignation.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Wintour |first1=Patrick |date=25 October 2023 |title=Israel says it will ban UN staff after secretary general's comments |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/25/israel-says-it-will-ban-un-staff-after-secretary-generals-comments |access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Gritten |first1=David |date=25 October 2023 |title=Israel demands UN chief resign over Hamas attack comments |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-67215620 |access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref> The Secretary-General rejected the Israeli accusations.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.reuters.com/world/un-chief-says-false-accuse-him-justifying-hamas-attacks-2023-10-25/ |title=UN chief rejects Israel accusations he justified Hamas attacks |first=Michelle |last=Nichols |work=[[Reuters]] |date=25 October 2023 |via=www.reuters.com}}</ref>
-On 27 October, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution ES-10/21 calling for an immediate and sustained humanitarian truce and cessation of hostilities and condemned "all acts of violence against Palestinian and Israeli civilians, including all acts of terror and [[indiscriminate attack]]s", adopted by a vote of 121 states to 14, with 44 abstentions.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://press.un.org/en/2023/ga12548.doc.htm |title=General Assembly Adopts Resolution Calling for Immediate, Sustained Humanitarian Truce Leading to Cessation of Hostilities between Israel, Hamas |id=GA/12548 |work=[[United Nations]] |date=27 October 2023 |access-date=29 October 2023}}</ref>
-In remarks to the Security Council, UN Secretary-General Guterres expressed deep concern at "clear violations of [[international humanitarian law]]" in Gaza and also said, "It is important to also recognise the attacks by Hamas did not happen in a vacuum. The Palestinian people have been subjected to 56 years of suffocating occupation", leading the Israeli ambassador [[Gilad Erdan]] to call for Guterres's resignation.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||last=Guterres |first=António |date=24 October 2023 |title=Secretary-General's remarks to the Security Council – on the Middle East |url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/2023-10-24/secretary-generals-remarks-the-security-council-the-middle-east%C2%A0 |access-date=24 October 2023 |work=United Nations |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025005219/https://www.un.org/sg/tr/content/sg/speeches/2023-10-24/secretary-generals-remarks-the-security-council-the-middle-east%C2%A0 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=24 October 2023 |title=UN chief warns that the risk of the Gaza war spreading is growing as situation becomes more dire |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/24/un-israel-palestinian-gaza-war-humanitarian-mideast/febd0ed2-7287-11ee-936d-7a16ee667359_story.html |access-date=24 October 2023|archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030031427/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/24/un-israel-palestinian-gaza-war-humanitarian-mideast/febd0ed2-7287-11ee-936d-7a16ee667359_story.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hülsemann-2023" /> Following this, Guterres said that he was "shocked by the misrepresentations" of his statement, pointing out he had also said "... the grievances of the Palestinian people cannot justify the appalling attacks by Hamas".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Wintour |first1=Patrick |last2=Pilkington |first2=Ed |date=25 October 2023 |title=UN chief 'shocked' by 'misrepresentation' of comments in row with Israel |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/25/israel-says-it-will-ban-un-staff-after-secretary-generals-comments |access-date=26 October 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029083759/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/25/israel-says-it-will-ban-un-staff-after-secretary-generals-comments |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Gritten |first=David |date=25 October 2023 |title=Israel demands UN chief resign over Hamas attack comments |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67215620 |access-date=26 October 2023 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026005805/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67215620 |url-status=live}}</ref>
-On 12 December, the UN General Assembly voted to demand "immediate humanitarian ceasefire". The [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/22|resolution]] passed overwhelmingly with 153 votes for, 23 neutral and 10 against.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=UN General Assembly votes by large majority for immediate humanitarian ceasefire during emergency session |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/12/1144717 |work=[[UN News]] |date=12 December 2023}}</ref>
-On 26 March, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution demanding a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas and the release of hostages. Under Chapter V, Article 25, of the UN Charter, the resolution is binding, however, UN spokesperson Farhan Haq stated that "Ultimately, implementation is a question of international will."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nichols |first1=Michelle |title=The UN Security Council demanded a Gaza ceasefire - what happens now? |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-security-council-demanded-gaza-ceasefire-what-happens-now-2024-03-26/ |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref>
-On 5 April, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres criticized Israel for the high number of aid workers killed in the conflict.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nichols |first=Michelle |title=UN chief to Israel: 196 aid workers have been killed, why? |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-chief-hopes-israel-quickly-effectively-boost-gaza-aid-access-2024-04-05/ |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref>
-==== Other ====
-{{Multiple image
-| total_width       = 440
-| image1            = Israel solidarity protest Berlin 2023-10-08 33.jpg
-| image2            = Palestine Rally End The Siege, Stop the War on Gaza (53264633371).jpg
-| caption1          = Solidarity with Israelis in [[Berlin]], Germany on 8 October
-| caption2          = Solidarity with Palestinians in [[Melbourne]] on 15 October
-}}
-International leaders from Argentina,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=El Gobierno deploró el ataque a Israel y reforzó la seguridad |trans-title=The Government deplored the attack on Israel and reinforced security |url=https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/202310/642683-gobierno-argentino-condena-ataques-hamas-israel.html |access-date=8 October 2023 |work=[[Télam]] |date=8 October 2023 |language=es}}</ref> India,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=India sides with West, condemns 'terrorist attacks in Israel' by Palestine's Hamas group |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/world/india-sides-with-west-condemns-terrorist-attacks-in-israel-by-palestines-hamas-group/cid/1971848 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref> Philippines,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Lazaro |first=Jacob |date=1 November 2023 |title=Israel 'appreciates' PH abstention from UN's Gaza ceasefire resolution |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/221825/israel-appreciates-ph-abstention-from-uns-gaza-ceasefire-resolution |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref> the United States, and European countries condemned the attacks by Hamas. They expressed solidarity with Israel, affirmed Israel's right to defend itself from armed attacks, and described Hamas's tactics as terrorism.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=World reaction to surprise attack by Palestinian Hamas on Israel |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/7/we-are-at-war-reactions-to-palestinian-hamas-surprise-attack-in-israel |access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://cpj.org/2023/10/3-palestinian-journalists-killed-1-injured-2-missing-in-gaza-israel-conflict/ |title=3 Palestinian journalists killed, 1 injured, 2 missing, in Gaza-Israel conflict |date=10 October 2023 |work=[[Committee to Protect Journalists]] |access-date=13 October 2023}}</ref> South Korea condemned Hamas and called the attack "indiscriminate", expressing worries that despite missile interceptor defense systems it would remain vulnerable if [[North Korea]] attempted a similar attack on South Korea.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||title=South Korea condemns Hamas, worries about North Korean rockets |url=https://www.asianews.it/news-en/South-Korea-condemns-Hamas,-worries-about-North-Korean-rockets-59343.html |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=Asia News}}</ref> Most Latin American governments condemned Hamas's attacks in Israel, while some, such as Colombia, also expressed solidarity with Palestinians.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Gonzalez Zorrilla |first=Gabriel |title=Latin America reacts to Hamas attacks on Israel |url=https://www.dw.com/en/latin-american-leaders-react-to-hamas-terror-attacks-on-israel/a-67069815 |date=11 October 2023 |work=[[Deutsche Welle|DW]] |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> The European Union announced it would review aid to Palestinian authorities to ensure the aid was not funding terrorism, and subsequently announced that immediate humanitarian aid to Gaza would be tripled.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-triples-immediate-humanitarian-aid-gaza-2023-10-14/ |title=EU triples immediate humanitarian aid for Gaza |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=14 October 2023 |access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Foy |first1=Henry |last2=Dunai |first2=Marton |date=11 October 2023 |title=EU commissioner reiterates claim that Palestine aid is suspended |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/758f33fb-14ee-4c0e-a8a1-f05550ade059 |access-date=12 October 2023 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
-Austria, Germany, and Sweden suspended development aid to Palestine in response to Hamas's attack and said that they would review other projects and aid given.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||date=9 October 2023 |title=Germany 'Temporarily Suspends' Palestinian Development Aid: Ministry |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/germany-temporarily-suspends-palestinian-development-aid-ministry-a8c0f077 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009125828/https://www.barrons.com/news/germany-temporarily-suspends-palestinian-development-aid-ministry-a8c0f077 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |access-date=9 October 2023|work=[[Barron's]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||date=9 October 2023 |title=Austria Suspends Aid For Palestinians After Hamas Attack |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/austria-suspends-aid-for-palestinians-after-hamas-attack-8ea1a10d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009125807/https://www.barrons.com/news/austria-suspends-aid-for-palestinians-after-hamas-attack-8ea1a10d |archive-date=9 October 2023 |access-date=9 October 2023 |work=[[Barron's]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Palmström |first=Ola |date=10 October 2023 |title=Utvecklingsbiståndet till palestinska myndigheter pausas |language=sv |trans-title=Development aid to the Palestinian Authority is paused |work=SVT Nyheter |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/tidopartierna-haller-presstraff-om-bistandet-till-palestinska-myndigheter |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref> Germany sent two [[Heron TP]] drones to Israel.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=AJABreaking |number=1712262837022699599 |date=11 October 2023 |script-title=ar:عاجل د.ب.أ عن الدفاع الألمانية: وافقنا على طلب إسرائيلي باستخدام اثنتين من طائراتنا المسيرة في القتال ضد حماس |language=ar |trans-title=Urgent DPA on German Defense: We agreed to an Israeli request to use two of our drones in the fight against Hamas |author=[[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]] |access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=Germany clears Israel's use of two Heron TP combat drones, source says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/germany-clears-use-two-heron-tp-combat-drones-by-israel-spiegel-2023-10-11/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref> On 8 November 2023, the German [[Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action|Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs]] announced that the German government had authorized a tenfold increase in arms exports to Israel; the export of military equipment to Israel would be treated and approved as a priority. Exports worth around 32 million euros in all of 2022 rose to almost 303&nbsp;million euros in 2023, most of which was authorized after the start of the war.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=8 November 2023 |title=Deutsche Rüstungsexporte nach Israel fast verzehnfacht |trans-title=German arms exports to Israel increased almost tenfold |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/israel-deutschland-ruestungsexporte-100.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108183141/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/israel-deutschland-ruestungsexporte-100.html |archive-date=8 November 2023 |access-date=10 November 2023 |work=[[tagesschau.de]]}}</ref> Heads of the [[World Uyghur Congress]]<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||date=9 October 2023 |title=Statement: WUC condemns Hamas attacks on civilians and stands with all those suffering from violence |url=https://www.uyghurcongress.org/en/statement-wuc-condemns-hamas-attacks-on-civilians-and-stands-with-all-those-suffering-from-violence/ |work=[[World Uyghur Congress]]}}</ref> and the [[Uyghur Human Rights Project]] condemned Hamas while [[East Turkistan Government-in-Exile]] minister [[Salih Hudayar]] declared support for Israel.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||date=24 October 2023 |title=Filistin meselesi Uygurları ikiye böldü |trans-title=The Palestinian issue has divided the Uyghurs |url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/dunya/filistin-meselesi-uygurlari-ikiye-boldu-2133386 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102105408/https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/dunya/filistin-meselesi-uygurlari-ikiye-boldu-2133386 |archive-date=2 November 2023 |website=[[Cumhuriyet]] |language=tr}}</ref> Croatia's president [[Zoran Milanović]] publicly stated that Israel had lost his sympathy due to its humanitarian crimes and "reprisal actions" in Gaza.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first=Seb |last=Starcevic |date=13 October 2023|title=Israel has lost my sympathy, says Croatia's president |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/israel-has-lost-my-sympathy-says-croatian-president/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Colombian president Gustavo Petro likened IDF attacks against Palestinians to Nazis and asked the Israeli ambassador to "apologize and leave the country".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=Colombia tells Israel envoy to leave as diplomatic feud over Gaza war deepens |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/colombia-tells-israel-envoy-to-leave-as-diplomatic-feud-over-gaza-war-deepens/}}</ref> Spain's deputy prime minister [[Yolanda Díaz]] called on the international community to put pressure on Israel to stop what she called a massacre in Gaza.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||first=Alyssa |last=Mcmurtry |title=Spain's deputy PM urges Europe to help stop 'massacre' in Gaza |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/spain-s-deputy-pm-urges-europe-to-help-stop-massacre-in-gaza/3018907 |access-date=16 October 2023 |work=AA}}</ref> On multiple occasions, [[Pope Francis]] referred to Israel's actions in Gaza as "terror" and "terrorism".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Faiola |first1=Anthony |title=In undisclosed call, Pope Francis warned Israel against committing 'terror' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/30/pope-francis-israel-war-terrorism/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
-Responses from African governments varied, showing division about the source of the conflict and who was to blame. However, most expressed grief and deep concerns about the outbreak of violence, with condemnations of attacks against civilians and calls for restraint and de-escalation to prevent further loss of Israeli and Palestinian lives.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Ogao |first=Emma |title=African leaders react as Israel declares war on Hamas |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/International/african-leaders-react-israel-declares-war-hamas/story?id=103885919 |date=13 October 2023 |publisher=[[ABC News]] |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>
-As many as 20,000 Thai workers (around half of Israel's migrant workforce) live all over Israel, including areas close to Gaza.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Chen |first1=Heather |last2=Olarn |first2=Kocha |title=Thai deaths in Hamas massacre spotlight poor agricultural workers from Asia who toil in Israel's fields |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/13/asia/thailand-migrant-workers-israel-gaza-conflict-intl-hnk/index.html |date=13 October 2023 |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> [[Thailand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] said their stance towards "the deadly Hamas-led attack against Israel is one of neutrality, and the Kingdom promotes a solution that would allow Palestine and Israel to coexist".<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||last=Kurlantzick |first=Joshua |title=How Southeast Asian States Are Responding to the Growing Middle East Conflict |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/how-southeast-asian-states-are-responding-growing-middle-east-conflict |date=9 October 2023 |work=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>
-[[Queen Rania of Jordan]] said leaders of Western countries had double standards and were "complicit" in civilian suffering in Gaza.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last1=Haq |first1=Sana Noor |last2=Calzonetti |first2=Claire |title=Queen Rania of Jordan accuses West of 'glaring double standard' as the death toll rises in besieged Gaza |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/24/middleeast/queen-rania-jordan-amanpour-interview-intl/index.html |access-date=25 October 2023 |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=25 October 2023}}</ref>
-A summit in [[Amman]] hosted by [[Abdullah II of Jordan|King Abdullah II]] that was also to be attended by leaders of the Palestinian Authority, US and Egypt was cancelled by Jordan on 18 October, in response to the [[Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Al-Khalidi |first=Suleiman |date=18 October 2023 |title=Jordan cancels summit with Biden, Sisi and Abbas in Amman |publisher=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jordan-cancels-summit-with-biden-egyptian-leader-amman-2023-10-17/ |access-date=19 October 2023}}</ref> On the same day, China said Palestinians had been forced to move south because of Israel's evacuation order "only to suffer from air strikes in the south as well" and called the hospital explosion a "heinous attack"<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||author=Cyril Ip |date=19 October 2023 |title=Israel-Gaza war: China condemns 'heinous attack' on hospital and urges ceasefire as priority at UN Security Council |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/israel-gaza-war-china-condemns-093000349.html |access-date=13 January 2024 |website=[[Yahoo! Finance]] |publisher=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref> while Russia labeled the explosion as a war crime, saying that the US was ultimately responsible.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web||author=Faruk Zorlu |date=18 October 2023 |title=Russia calls Gaza hospital attack war crime, says US ultimately responsible |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/russia-calls-gaza-hospital-attack-war-crime-says-us-ultimately-responsible/3024245 |website=[[Anadolu Agency]]}}</ref>
-On 31 October, Bolivia severed diplomatic relations with Israel due to what the deputy foreign minister called "the aggressive and disproportionate Israeli military offensive".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Phillips |first=Tom |title=Bolivia becomes first country to sever ties with Israel over war with Hamas |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=31 October 2023 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/31/bolivia-israel-hamas-gaza-war-crime |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> Several other countries followed suit in severing relations with Israel.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Hellyer |first=H.A. |date=3 November 2023 |title=The West Is Losing the Global South Over Gaza |url=https://time.com/6330746/global-south-ukraine-israel-gaza/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=17 November 2023 |archive-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121183733/https://www.time.com/6330746/global-south-ukraine-israel-gaza/ |url-status=live}}</ref> South Africa, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Comoros and Djibouti submitted a referral to the International Criminal Court asking for an investigation into possible war crimes by Israel in the Palestinian territories.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||last=Rios |first=Michael |date=17 November 2023 |title=Five countries ask International Criminal Court to investigate the situation in Palestinian territories |publisher=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/17/middleeast/israel-gaza-war-crimes-icc-referral/index.html |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref>
-==== Evacuations of foreign nationals ====
-{{Main|Evacuations during the Israel–Hamas war}}
-Brazil announced a rescue operation of nationals using an air force transport aircraft.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first1=Guilherme |last1=Mazui |first2=Mateus |last2=Rodrigues |date=8 October 2023 |title=Governo prepara seis aviões para resgatar brasileiros na zona de conflito entre Israel e Hamas |language=pt |trans-title=Government prepares six planes to rescue Brazilians in the conflict zone between Israel and Hamas |work=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2023/10/08/reuniao-itamaraty-confronto-israel-hamas.ghtml |access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref> [[Poland]] announced that it would deploy two C-130 transport planes to evacuate 200 of its nationals from Ben-Gurion airport.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=8 October 2023 |title=Live: More than 600 Israelis killed, more than 100 held 'prisoner' in war with Hamas |work=[[France 24]] |url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20231007-%F0%9F%94%B4-live-us-israel-discussions-on-military-aid-very-much-underway-says-white-house-official |access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref> Hungary evacuated 215 of its nationals from Israel using two aircraft on 9 October, while Romania evacuated 245 of its citizens, including two pilgrimage groups, on two [[TAROM]] planes and two private aircraft on the same day.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||date=8 October 2023 |title=Romania, Hungary Evacuate Citizens From Israel By Air |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/israel-hungary-romania-evacuate-citizens-hamas/32629062.html |access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref> Australia also announced repatriation flights.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/oct/11/israel-hamas-war-repatriation-flights-australians-qantas-virgin-evacuation |title=Qantas to help repatriate Australians from Israel starting Friday |last=Hurst |first=Daniel |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref> 300 Nigerian pilgrims in Israel fled to Jordan before being airlifted home.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/10/11/israel-palestine-death-toll-rises-sharply-as-african-nationals-evacuated/ |title=Israel-Palestine: death toll rises sharply, as African nationals evacuated |work=Africanews |date=11 October 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref>
-On 12 October, the United Kingdom arranged flights for its citizens in Israel; the first plane departed Ben Gurion Airport that day. The government had said before that it would not be evacuating its nationals due to available commercial flights. However, most commercial flights were suspended.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first=Sean |last=Seddon |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-67091170 |title=UK arranges flights for Britons stranded in Israel |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=12 October 2023}}</ref> Nepal arranged a flight to evacuate at least 254 of its citizens who were studying in Israel.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=Nepal: First batch of 254 students, stranded amid Israel-Hamas war, land in Kathmandu |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/nepal-first-batch-of-254-students-stranded-amid-israel-hamas-war-land-in-kathmandu/articleshow/104385637.cms?from=mdr |access-date=14 October 2023 |work=The Economic Times |date=13 October 2023}}</ref> India launched [[Operation Ajay]] to evacuate its citizens from Israel.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first=Saikat Kumar |last=Bose |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/israel-gaza-war-israel-hamas-war-indians-in-israel-operation-ajay-operation-ajay-first-flight-to-evacuate-indians-from-israel-tonight-4473665 |title=Operation Ajay: First Flight To Evacuate Indians From Israel Tonight |work=NDTV |date=12 October 2023}}</ref> Ukraine has facilitated the evacuation of around 450 of its citizens from Israel as of 18 October, with additional evacuation flights in the planning for the near future.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||first=Martin |last=Fornusek |url=https://kyivindependent.com/update-ukrainian-woman-killed-in-gaza-18-citizens-confirmed-killed-in-israel/ |title=Update: Ukrainian woman killed in Gaza, 18 citizens confirmed killed in Israel |work=[[The Kyiv Independent]] |date=20 October 2023}}</ref>
 == References ==

THC Science

Bringing Science to the Cannabis Conversation!

Trichome

Revision as of 23:36, 6 May 2024