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===Early life===
===Early life===
Giovanni Battista Castagna was born in [[Rome]] in 1521 to a noble family as the son of Cosimo Castagna and Costanza Ricci Giacobazzi. He was of [[Genoa|Genoese]] origin, although born in Rome.
Giovanni Battista Castagna was born in [[Rome]] in 1521 to a noble family as the son of Cosimo Castagna of Genoa and Costanza Ricci Giacobazzi of Rome.<ref name=Ott>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15218a.htm Ott, Michael. "Pope Urban VII." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 20 December 2018 {{PD-notice}}</ref>


Castagna studied in universities all across Italy and obtained a doctorate in civil law and canon law when he finished his studies at the University of Bologna. He served as a constitutional lawyer and entered the [[Roman Curia]] during the pontificate of [[Pope Julius III]] as the Referendary of the [[Apostolic Signatura]]. Castagna was chosen to be the new [[Archbishop of Rossano]] on 1 March 1553, and he would quickly receive all the minor and major orders culminating in his [[ordination]] to the [[priesthood]] on 30 March 1553 in Rome. He then received [[episcopal consecration]] a month after at the home of Cardinal Girolamo Veralli.
Castagna studied in universities all across Italy and obtained a doctorate in civil law and canon law when he finished his studies at the University of Bologna. Soon after he became auditor of his uncle, Cardinal [[Girolamo Verallo]], whom he accompanied as datary on a papal legation to France.<ref name=Ott/> He served as a constitutional lawyer and entered the [[Roman Curia]] during the pontificate of [[Pope Julius III]] as the Referendary of the [[Apostolic Signatura]]. Castagna was chosen to be the new [[Archbishop of Rossano]] on 1 March 1553, and he would quickly receive all the minor and major orders culminating in his [[ordination]] to the [[priesthood]] on 30 March 1553 in Rome. He then received [[episcopal consecration]] a month after at the home of Cardinal Verallo.


He served as the Governor of [[Fano]] from 1555 to 1559 and later served as the Governor of [[Perugia]] and [[Umbria]] from 1559 to 1560. Castagna would later participate in the [[Council of Trent]] from 1562 to 1563 and served as the president of several conciliar congregations. He was appointed as the [[Apostolic Nuncio to Spain]] in 1565 and served there until 1572, resigning his post from his archdiocese a year later. He also served as the Governor of [[Bologna]] from 1576 to 1577. Among other positions, he was the [[Apostolic Nuncio to Venice]] from 1573 to 1577 and served also as the Papal Legate to Flanders and Cologne from 1578 to 1580.
He served as the Governor of [[Fano]] from 1555 to 1559 and later served as the Governor of [[Perugia]] and [[Umbria]] from 1559 to 1560. During the reign of Pius IV he settled satisfactorily a long-standing boundary dispute between the inhabitants of Terni and Spoleto.<ref name=Ott/> Castagna would later participate in the [[Council of Trent]] from 1562 to 1563 and served as the president of several conciliar congregations. He was appointed as the [[Apostolic Nuncio to Spain]] in 1565 and served there until 1572, resigning his post from his archdiocese a year later. He also served as the Governor of [[Bologna]] from 1576 to 1577. Among other positions, he was the [[Apostolic Nuncio to Venice]] from 1573 to 1577 and served also as the Papal Legate to Flanders and Cologne from 1578 to 1580.


[[Pope Gregory XIII]] elevated him to the cardinalate on 12 December 1583 and he was appointed as the [[S. Marcello|Cardinal-Priest of San Marcello]].
[[Pope Gregory XIII]] elevated him to the cardinalate on 12 December 1583 and he was appointed as the [[S. Marcello|Cardinal-Priest of San Marcello]].
Line 52: Line 52:
===Election===
===Election===
{{main|Papal conclave, September 1590}}
{{main|Papal conclave, September 1590}}
After the death of [[Pope Sixtus V]] a conclave was convoked to elect a successor. [[Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] had been appointed a cardinal at the age of fourteen, but was never ordained to the priesthood. At the age of thirty-eight, he resigned the cardinalate upon the death of his older brother, [[Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Francesco]] in 1587, in order to succeed to the title. (There were suspicions that Francisco and his wife died of arsenic poisoning after having dined at Fernando's [[Villa Medici]], although one story has Fernando as the intended target of his sister-in-law.) Ferdinando's foreign policy attempted to free Tuscany from Spanish domination. He was consequently opposed to the election of any candidate supported by Spain. He persuaded Cardinal [[Alessandro Peretti di Montalto]], grand-nephew of Sixtus V to switch his support from Cardinal [[Marco Antonio Colonna (16th-century cardinal)|Marco Antonio Colonna]], which brought the support of the younger cardinals appointed by the late Sixtus.<ref name=Pirie>Pirie, Valérie Pirie. ''The Triple Crown: An Account of the Papal Conclaves'', London. Sidgwick & Jackson, 1935</ref>
After the death of [[Pope Sixtus V]] a conclave was convoked to elect a successor. Castagna was elected as pope on 15 September 1590 and his election was brought about due to the backing of the Spanish factions. He selected the pontifical name of "Urban VII".

Castagna, a seasoned diplomat of moderation and proven rectitude was elected as pope on 15 September 1590 and selected the pontifical name of "Urban VII".<ref name=Pirie/>


===Activities===
===Activities===
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Catholic Encyclopedia|prescript=|wstitle=Pope Urban VII|last=Ott|first=Michael}}
*{{cite book |title=The Death of the Popes |first=Wendy J. |last=Reardon |year=2004 |isbn= }}


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 05:56, 21 December 2018

Pope

Urban VII
Bishop of Rome
Papacy began15 September 1590
Papacy ended27 September 1590
PredecessorSixtus V
SuccessorGregory XIV
Orders
Ordination30 March 1553
by Filippo Archinto
Consecration4 April 1553
by Girolamo Verallo
Created cardinal12 December 1583
by Pope Gregory XIII
Personal details
Born
Giovanni Battista Castagna

4 August 1521
Rome, Papal States
Died27 September 1590(1590-09-27) (aged 69)
Rome, Papal States
Previous post(s)
Coat of armsUrban VII's coat of arms
Other popes named Urban
Papal styles of
Pope Urban VII
Reference styleHis Holiness
Spoken styleYour Holiness
Religious styleHoly Father
Posthumous styleNone

Pope Urban VII (Latin: Urbanus VII; 4 August 1521 – 27 September 1590), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was Pope from 15 to 27 September 1590. His twelve-day papacy was the shortest in history.

Biography

Early life

Giovanni Battista Castagna was born in Rome in 1521 to a noble family as the son of Cosimo Castagna of Genoa and Costanza Ricci Giacobazzi of Rome.[1]

Castagna studied in universities all across Italy and obtained a doctorate in civil law and canon law when he finished his studies at the University of Bologna. Soon after he became auditor of his uncle, Cardinal Girolamo Verallo, whom he accompanied as datary on a papal legation to France.[1] He served as a constitutional lawyer and entered the Roman Curia during the pontificate of Pope Julius III as the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. Castagna was chosen to be the new Archbishop of Rossano on 1 March 1553, and he would quickly receive all the minor and major orders culminating in his ordination to the priesthood on 30 March 1553 in Rome. He then received episcopal consecration a month after at the home of Cardinal Verallo.

He served as the Governor of Fano from 1555 to 1559 and later served as the Governor of Perugia and Umbria from 1559 to 1560. During the reign of Pius IV he settled satisfactorily a long-standing boundary dispute between the inhabitants of Terni and Spoleto.[1] Castagna would later participate in the Council of Trent from 1562 to 1563 and served as the president of several conciliar congregations. He was appointed as the Apostolic Nuncio to Spain in 1565 and served there until 1572, resigning his post from his archdiocese a year later. He also served as the Governor of Bologna from 1576 to 1577. Among other positions, he was the Apostolic Nuncio to Venice from 1573 to 1577 and served also as the Papal Legate to Flanders and Cologne from 1578 to 1580.

Pope Gregory XIII elevated him to the cardinalate on 12 December 1583 and he was appointed as the Cardinal-Priest of San Marcello.

Papacy

Election

Main article: Papal conclave, September 1590

After the death of Pope Sixtus V a conclave was convoked to elect a successor. Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany had been appointed a cardinal at the age of fourteen, but was never ordained to the priesthood. At the age of thirty-eight, he resigned the cardinalate upon the death of his older brother, Francesco in 1587, in order to succeed to the title. (There were suspicions that Francisco and his wife died of arsenic poisoning after having dined at Fernando's Villa Medici, although one story has Fernando as the intended target of his sister-in-law.) Ferdinando's foreign policy attempted to free Tuscany from Spanish domination. He was consequently opposed to the election of any candidate supported by Spain. He persuaded Cardinal Alessandro Peretti di Montalto, grand-nephew of Sixtus V to switch his support from Cardinal Marco Antonio Colonna, which brought the support of the younger cardinals appointed by the late Sixtus.[2]

Castagna, a seasoned diplomat of moderation and proven rectitude was elected as pope on 15 September 1590 and selected the pontifical name of "Urban VII".[2]

Activities

Urban VII's short passage in office gave rise to the world's first known public smoking ban, as he threatened to excommunicate anyone who "took tobacco in the porchway of or inside a church, whether it be by chewing it, smoking it with a pipe or sniffing it in powdered form through the nose".[3]

Urban VII was known for his charity to the poor. He subsidized Roman bakers so they could sell bread under cost, and restricted the spending on luxury items for members of his court. He also subsidized public works projects throughout the Papal States. Urban VII was strictly against nepotism and he forbade it within the Roman Curia.[4]

Death

Urban VII died on 27 September 1590, shortly before midnight, of malaria in Rome. He was buried in the Vatican. The funeral oration was delivered by Pompeo Ugonio. His remains were later transferred to the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva on 21 September 1606.

His estate was valued at 30,000 scudi and it was bequeathed to the Archconfraternity of the Annunciation to use as dowries for poor young girls.

Reverse of 1590 coin in honor of Urban VII with menorah and the legend
SIC•LUCEAT•LUX•VESTRA
(Let your light so shine - Matt. 5:16)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Ott, Michael. "Pope Urban VII." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 20 December 2018 Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ a b Pirie, Valérie Pirie. The Triple Crown: An Account of the Papal Conclaves, London. Sidgwick & Jackson, 1935
  3. ^ "Public smoking ban: Europe on the move" (PDF). European Society of Cardiology. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2011.
  4. ^ "Pope Urban VII". Saints SQPN. 4 April 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2015.

External links

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Pope
15–27 September 1590 		Succeeded by
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Urban_VII&type=revision&diff=874733540&oldid=864460401

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