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it's factually inaccurate to say that they are only calling for his resignation due to his opposition. His role in the riots in integral
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Born in [[Springdale, Arkansas]] to a banker and a teacher, Hawley graduated from [[Stanford University]] in 2002 and [[Yale Law School]] in 2006. He worked as a law clerk for Tenth Circuit Judge [[Michael W. McConnell]] and Chief Justice [[John Roberts]] and then worked as a lawyer, first in private practice from 2008 to 2011 and then for [[The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty]] from 2011 to 2015. Before becoming Missouri Attorney General, he was also a teacher at [[St Paul's School, London|St Paul's School]] in [[London]], an associate professor at the [[University of Missouri School of Law]], and a faculty member of the conservative [[Blackstone Legal Fellowship]].
Born in [[Springdale, Arkansas]] to a banker and a teacher, Hawley graduated from [[Stanford University]] in 2002 and [[Yale Law School]] in 2006. He worked as a law clerk for Tenth Circuit Judge [[Michael W. McConnell]] and Chief Justice [[John Roberts]] and then worked as a lawyer, first in private practice from 2008 to 2011 and then for [[The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty]] from 2011 to 2015. Before becoming Missouri Attorney General, he was also a teacher at [[St Paul's School, London|St Paul's School]] in [[London]], an associate professor at the [[University of Missouri School of Law]], and a faculty member of the conservative [[Blackstone Legal Fellowship]].


A [[Donald Trump]] loyalist in the Senate, Hawley engaged in attempts to overturn the [[2020 United States presidential election]] and became the first senator to announce that he would object to [[2020 United States presidential election Electoral College count|the certification of Joe Biden's Electoral College victory in the 2020 presidential election]]. Accordingly, on January 6, 2021, hours after [[2021 storming of the United States Capitol|pro-Trump rioters stormed the U.S. Capitol]], Hawley voted in support of the objections to the electoral votes for [[2020 United States presidential election in Arizona|Arizona]] and [[2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]. The Senate rejected these objections by votes of 93–6 and 92–7, respectively.<ref name=SenateVotes>{{Cite web|agency=[[United States Senate]]|date=January 7, 2021|title=Roll Call Vote 117th Congress - 1st Session|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/vote_menu_117_1.htm|access-date=2021-01-07|language=en-US}}</ref> As a result of his role in objecting to the results of the election, Hawley faces calls for his removal or resignation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Josh Hawley facing scorn, calls for his resignation following objection to Biden win |url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/article248339690.html |access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref>
A [[Donald Trump]] loyalist in the Senate, Hawley engaged in attempts to overturn the [[2020 United States presidential election]] and became the first senator to announce that he would object to [[2020 United States presidential election Electoral College count|the certification of Joe Biden's Electoral College victory in the 2020 presidential election]]. Accordingly, on January 6, 2021, hours after [[2021 storming of the United States Capitol|pro-Trump rioters stormed the U.S. Capitol]], Hawley voted in support of the objections to the electoral votes for [[2020 United States presidential election in Arizona|Arizona]] and [[2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]. The Senate rejected these objections by votes of 93–6 and 92–7, respectively.<ref name=SenateVotes>{{Cite web|agency=[[United States Senate]]|date=January 7, 2021|title=Roll Call Vote 117th Congress - 1st Session|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/vote_menu_117_1.htm|access-date=2021-01-07|language=en-US}}</ref> As a result of his role in objecting to the results of the election and creating the climate for the riot, Hawley faces calls for his removal or resignation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Josh Hawley facing scorn, calls for his resignation following objection to Biden win |url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/article248339690.html |access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=":9" />


== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==

Revision as of 01:15, 8 January 2021

Josh Hawley
United States Senator
from Missouri
Assumed office
January 3, 2019
Serving with Roy Blunt
Preceded byClaire McCaskill
42nd Attorney General of Missouri
In office
January 9, 2017 – January 3, 2019
GovernorEric Greitens
Mike Parson
Preceded byChris Koster
Succeeded byEric Schmitt
Personal details
Born
Joshua David Hawley

(1979-12-31) December 31, 1979 (age 44)
Springdale, Arkansas, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Erin Morrow
​
(m. 2010)​
Children3
EducationStanford University (BA)
Yale University (JD)
Signature
WebsiteSenate website

Joshua David Hawley (born December 31, 1979) is an American attorney and politician serving as the junior U.S. Senator from Missouri. A member of the Republican Party, Hawley served as the 42nd Attorney General of Missouri from 2017 to 2019, before defeating two-term Democratic incumbent Senator Claire McCaskill in the 2018 election. At age 41, he is the youngest current U.S. senator, but will become the second youngest once Jon Ossoff is sworn in.[1][2]

Born in Springdale, Arkansas to a banker and a teacher, Hawley graduated from Stanford University in 2002 and Yale Law School in 2006. He worked as a law clerk for Tenth Circuit Judge Michael W. McConnell and Chief Justice John Roberts and then worked as a lawyer, first in private practice from 2008 to 2011 and then for The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty from 2011 to 2015. Before becoming Missouri Attorney General, he was also a teacher at St Paul's School in London, an associate professor at the University of Missouri School of Law, and a faculty member of the conservative Blackstone Legal Fellowship.

A Donald Trump loyalist in the Senate, Hawley engaged in attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election and became the first senator to announce that he would object to the certification of Joe Biden's Electoral College victory in the 2020 presidential election. Accordingly, on January 6, 2021, hours after pro-Trump rioters stormed the U.S. Capitol, Hawley voted in support of the objections to the electoral votes for Arizona and Pennsylvania. The Senate rejected these objections by votes of 93–6 and 92–7, respectively.[3] As a result of his role in objecting to the results of the election and creating the climate for the riot, Hawley faces calls for his removal or resignation.[4][5]

Early life and education

Hawley was born in Springdale, Arkansas, but soon moved to Lexington, Missouri in 1981 after his father, Ronald Hawley, a banker, joined a division of Boatmen's Bancshares in the city.[6] Hawley's mother, Virginia, was a teacher.[7][8][9]

Hawley attended secondary school at Rockhurst High School, a private boys' prep school in Kansas City, Missouri, from which he graduated in 1998. He then studied history at Stanford University, graduating in 2002 with a Bachelor of Arts degree with highest honors and Phi Beta Kappa membership.[10] Hawley studied under Stanford professor David M. Kennedy, who later contributed the foreword to a book Hawley wrote on Theodore Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt: Preacher of Righteousness.[11]

After spending a year in London as a teacher at St Paul's School from 2002 to 2003,[7] Hawley returned to the United States to attend Yale Law School, graduating in 2006 with a Juris Doctor degree.[9][11] While at Yale, Hawley was an editor of the Yale Law Journal and served as president of the school's Federalist Society chapter.[11]

Early career

Hawley spent two years as a law clerk after law school, clerking first for Judge Michael W. McConnell of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit from 2006 to 2007, then for Chief Justice John Roberts of the U.S. Supreme Court from 2007 to 2008.[7] While at the Supreme Court, Hawley met his future wife, Erin Morrow, a fellow Yale Law graduate who was also clerking for Roberts.[11][12][13]

After his clerkships, Hawley worked in private practice as an appellate litigator at the law firm Hogan & Hartson (now Hogan Lovells) from 2008 to 2011.[7] From 2011 to 2015, he worked for The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty at its Washington, D.C., offices before moving to Missouri.[14] At Becket, he wrote briefs and gave legal advice in the Supreme Court cases Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, decided in 2012, and Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, decided in 2014.[15][16] In 2011, Hawley moved back to Missouri and became an associate professor at the University of Missouri Law School, where he taught constitutional law, constitutional theory, legislation, and torts.[7][17]

In June 2013, Hawley served as a faculty member of the Blackstone Legal Fellowship, which is funded by Alliance Defending Freedom, a conservative Christian organization.[18]

Attorney General of Missouri (2017–2019)

2016 election

Main article: 2016 Missouri Attorney General election

In 2016, Hawley ran for Attorney General of Missouri. On August 2, he defeated Kurt Schaefer in the Republican primary with 64% of the vote.[19] He defeated Teresa Hensley in the general election on November 8 with 58.5% of the vote to Hensley's 41.5%.[19]

Affordable Care Act

In February 2018, Hawley joined 20 other Republican-led states in a lawsuit challenging the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) as unconstitutional.[20] The lawsuit would have eliminated insurance protections for people with preexisting conditions.[21] In September 2018, amid criticism from Hawley's U.S. Senate opponent Claire McCaskill about the lawsuit's impact on preexisting conditions, Hawley's office said that he supported protections for individuals with preexisting conditions.[21] Hawley later published an op-ed in the Springfield News-Leader explaining that he supported protecting those with preexisting conditions by creating a taxpayer subsidy to reimburse insurance companies for covering these high-cost patients.[22] In December 2018, a federal district court judge in Texas ruled the entirety of the Affordable Care Act unconstitutional, but on appeal, the Fifth Circuit did not agree that the entire law should be voided.[23][24][25]

Catholic clergy investigation

In August 2018, after reports of over 1,000 cases of sexual abuse by Catholic clerics were detailed in a report released by a grand jury in Pennsylvania, as well as protests by survivors of clergy sexual abuse in St. Louis, Hawley announced that he would begin an investigation into potential cases of abuse in Missouri.[26] Missouri was one of several states to launch such investigations in the wake of the Pennsylvania report; the attorneys general in Illinois, Nebraska, and New Mexico began similar inquiries.[27] Hawley promised that he would investigate any crimes, publish a report for the public, and refer potential cases to local law enforcement officials. Robert James Carlson, the archbishop of St. Louis, pledged cooperation with the inquiry.[26][28]

The investigation, which was inherited by Hawley's successor, Eric Schmitt, charged 12 former priests with sexual abuse of minors in September 2019.[29]

Greitens scandals

In December 2017, Missouri's Republican Governor Eric Greitens and senior members of his staff were accused by Democrats and government transparency advocates of subverting Missouri's open records laws after The Kansas City Star reported that they used Confide, a messaging app that erases texts after they have been read, on their personal phones.[30] Hawley initially declined to prosecute, citing a Missouri Supreme Court ruling that the attorney general cannot simultaneously represent a state officer and take legal action against that officer. But on December 20, 2017, he announced his office would investigate, saying that his clients are "first and foremost the citizens of the state".[31][32][33] Hawley said text messages between government employees, whether made on private or government-issued phones, should be treated the same as emails: a determination must be made as to whether the text is a record, and if so, whether it is subject to disclosure.[31] Hawley's investigation found that no laws had been broken.[34] In March 2018, six attorneys formerly employed by the State of Missouri under Democrats released a letter describing the investigation as "half-hearted"; Hawley's spokesperson called the letter a partisan attack.[34]

When allegations emerged in January 2018 that Greitens had blackmailed a woman with whom he was having an affair, Hawley's office said it did not have jurisdiction to look into the matter, and Kimberly Gardner, the circuit attorney for the City of St. Louis opened an investigation into the allegations.[35][36] In April, after a special investigative committee of the Missouri House of Representatives released a report on the allegations, Hawley called on Greitens to resign immediately.[37] The next week, Gardner filed a second felony charge against Greitens, alleging that his campaign had taken donor and email lists from a veterans' charity Greitens founded in 2007 and used the information to raise funds for his 2016 campaign for governor.[38]

Hawley announced an investigation based on the new felony charges.[39][40] On April 30, he announced that his office had launched an investigation into possible violations of the state's Sunshine laws following allegations that a state employee had managed a social media account on Greitens's behalf.[41] The same month, Greitens asked a judge to issue a restraining order blocking Hawley from investigating him.[42]

On May 29, 2018, Greitens announced that he would resign effective June 1, 2018; Hawley issued a statement approving of the decision.[43]

Investigations into tech companies

In November 2017, Hawley opened an investigation into whether Google's business practices violated state consumer protection and anti-trust laws. The investigation was focused on what data Google collects from users of its services, how it uses content providers' content, and whether its search engine results are biased.[44][45]

In April 2018, after the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal, Hawley announced that his office had issued a subpoena to Facebook related to how the company shares its users' data. The investigation sought to find whether Facebook properly handles its users' sensitive data or collects more data than it publicly admits.[46]

Opioid manufacturer lawsuit and investigation

Hawley in 2018

In June 2017, Hawley announced that the State of Missouri had filed suit in state court against three major drug companies, Purdue Pharma, Endo Health Solutions, and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, for hiding the danger of prescription painkillers and contributing to the opioid epidemic. The state alleged that the companies violated Missouri consumer protection and Medicaid laws.[47][48] The damages sought were among the largest in state history, on the order of hundreds of millions of dollars.[47]

In August 2017, Hawley announced that he had opened an investigation into seven opioid distributors (Allergan, Depomed, Insys, Mallinckrodt, Mylan, Pfizer, and Teva Pharmaceuticals).[49] In October 2017, Hawley expanded his investigation into three additional pharmaceutical companies (AmerisourceBergen, Cardinal Health, and McKesson Corporation), the three largest U.S. opioid distributors.[50]

Rape kit audit

On October 29, 2017, the Columbia Missourian published an exposé describing a huge backlog of untested rape kits in Missouri and the long-ignored efforts of rape survivors and law enforcement agencies to have the state address the backlog.[51] On November 29, Hawley announced a statewide audit of the number of untested rape kits.[52] The results were made public in May 2018; there were 5,000 such kits.[52] In August 2018, One Nation, a 501(c)(4) nonprofit connected to Republican campaign strategist Karl Rove, ran commercials giving Hawley credit for identifying the problem.[51] In September 2020, Missouri Attorney General Eric Schmitt announced that of the 16 rape kit tests that were consequently uploaded to the national DNA database, just ten revealed the names of known criminals, and they were referred for possible prosecution.[53]

U.S. Senate (2019—present)

2018 campaign

Main article: 2018 United States Senate election in Missouri
Hawley on election night after securing the Republican primary win

In August 2017, Hawley formed an exploratory campaign committee for the U.S. Senate.[54][55] In October 2017, he declared his candidacy for the Republican nomination in Missouri's 2018 U.S. Senate election for the seat held by Democrat Claire McCaskill.[56][57] Before the official announcement, four former Republican U.S. Senators from Missouri (John Ashcroft, Kit Bond, John Danforth, and McCaskill's predecessor, Jim Talent) asked Hawley to run for the Senate seat.[58]

The tightly contested Republican primary had 11 candidates hoping to unseat McCaskill. Hawley received substantial support from prominent Republicans, such as Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, President Donald Trump, and the Senate Conservatives Fund.[59] He won a large majority of the vote in the primary election.

Trump endorsed Hawley in November 2017.[60] During the general election campaign, Obamacare was a key issue, with both candidates pledging to ensure protections for preexisting conditions.[61][62][63] McCaskill criticized Hawley's participation in a lawsuit that could end insurance protections for people with preexisting conditions by overturning the Affordable Care Act.[21] Hawley made McCaskill's upcoming vote on the confirmation of CIA Director Mike Pompeo as Secretary of State a campaign issue.[64] His campaign spokesperson asked, "Will Senator McCaskill ignore her liberal donors and support Mike Pompeo for Secretary of State, or will she stick with Chuck Schumer and continue to obstruct the president?", adding, "It is deeply troubling how focused Senator McCaskill is on doing what’s politically convenient instead of doing what’s right."[64]

Hawley met criticism from both Republicans and Democrats for initiating his Senate campaign less than a year after being sworn in as attorney general. The New York Times reported his attorney general campaign had featured messages of disdain for "ladder-climbing politicians." Hawley dismissed this, saying that the Senate was not on his mind during the attorney general campaign.[11]

In the November 2018 general election, Hawley defeated McCaskill, 51% to 46%.[65]

On December 6, 2018, Missouri Secretary of State Jay Ashcroft launched an inquiry into whether Hawley misappropriated public funds for his Senate campaign. Hawley's office denied any wrongdoing.[66] On February 28, 2019, Ashcroft closed the investigation because there was insufficient evidence that "an offense has been committed."[67]

Tenure

Hawley in 2019

Hawley was sworn in as a U.S. Senator on January 3, 2019. He is currently the youngest U.S. Senator.[68]

During the Hong Kong protests in October 2019, Hawley and Senator Ted Cruz visited Hong Kong and spoke in favor of the protests. Hawley called the Chinese Communist Party a "police state." Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam said Hawley's assertion was "irresponsible and unfounded."[69]

On November 18, 2019, Hawley announced the National Security and Personal Data Protection Act,[70] which would make it illegal for American companies to store user data or encryption keys in the People's Republic of China. Engadget noted the bill might cause "serious problems" for companies that are legally obligated to store data in the PRC, such as Apple and TikTok, and "might force them to leave China altogether." It was not Hawley's first technology-related bill; he had also introduced proposals to ban loot boxes in gaming and to restrict social network features "deemed addictive", among others.[71] Hawley focused on TikTok, saying the bill would cover Russia as well as China, and "any other country the State Department deems a security risk."[72] He said the bill was "targeted at social media platforms and data-intensive businesses", and "would block such mergers by default without pre-approval from the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States."[73] The bill also prevents the collection of "more user data than is necessary to conduct business."[74]

Hawley joined President Donald Trump in his calls for an increase of the initial $600 checks provided by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 to $2,000, which put him on the same side as "unlikely ally" Bernie Sanders.[75] Alongside Sanders and Chuck Schumer, Hawley attempted to force a vote on the increase of checks. but it was rejected.[76]

Role in 2020 presidential election

After Joe Biden won the 2020 United States presidential election, Hawley announced his intention to object to the Senate's certification of the Electoral College count on January 6, 2021.[77] He was the first senator to do so.[78] President Donald Trump, who lost to Biden in the 2020 election, had refused to concede and made frequent baseless claims of fraud in the election. Hawley stated that his attempt to reverse the election results was on behalf of those "concerned about election integrity."[77][79] The New York Times wrote that Hawley was elevating false claims of a stolen election.[77] Hawley's maneuver prompted bipartisan condemnation characterizing his action as undemocratic.[80][81]

On January 4, 2021, Hawley tweeted that his home in Washington, D.C. had been vandalized and his family had been threatened by "Antifa scumbags" in an act of "leftwing violence" due to his claims of fraud.[82] Hawley said he was in Missouri at the time.[82] ShutDownDC, the group that staged the event, said it was a peaceful candlelight vigil and claimed they did not vandalize Hawley's house or knock on the door.[82] A video of the event shared by the group showed that some protesters wrote on the sidewalk in chalk, chanted through a megaphone, and left a copy of the United States Constitution at Hawley's door.[82] Vienna, Virginia police said the protesters were peaceful with "no issues, no arrests" necessary; police spokesman Juan Vazquez said the police "didn't think it was that big of a deal."[83]

Role in the storming of the United States Capitol

On January 6, 2021, when Congress met to count the electoral votes for the 2020 presidential election, the counting was interrupted by a pro-Trump riot at the Capitol in which at least four people died. Before the counting of the votes, to which Hawley had publicly announced he would object, he saluted the protestors and rioters with a fist pump as he walked outside the Capitol.[84][85] The editorial board of The Kansas City Star published an editorial arguing "Sen. Josh Hawley has blood on his hands in Capitol coup attempt".[5][86][87] "No one other than President Donald Trump himself is more responsible for Wednesday’s coup attempt at the U.S. Capitol than one Joshua David Hawley, the 41-year-old junior senator from Missouri, who put out a fundraising appeal while the siege was underway," they wrote.[5] Other journalists and officials made similar claims, suggesting that Hawley and other elected officials were responsible for inciting the riots.[88][89][90][91] Political scientists Henry Farrell and Elizabeth Saunders described Hawley's ploy as a "cynical theatrical gesture" with Hawley "pursuing short-term political gain at the risk of long-term chaos."[92] Referencing Hawley's role in fomenting distrust towards the democratic system, former Republican Senator John Danforth, Hawley's political mentor and a fellow Yale Law School graduate, stated that supporting Hawley in his Senate bid was the "worst mistake I ever made in my life".[93]

In the wake of the riot, other Republican lawmakers tried to persuade Hawley abandon his objections to Biden's win.[94] However, Hawley voted in support of the objections to the electoral votes for Arizona and Pennsylvania, making baseless claims that election officials in Pennsylvania violated state election laws.[95] Both Senators from Pennsylvania, including Republican Pat Toomey, rejected his objections, and the Senate rejected his objections by votes of 93–6 and 92–7, respectively.[3] Following the events of January 6, 2021, some Democratic lawmakers dubbed Hawley and other senators who sought to overturn the election the "Sedition Caucus."[96] Hawley has since faced calls for his resignation.[97] On January 7, Simon & Schuster canceled the publication of Hawley's upcoming book The Tyranny of Big Tech, saying the company "cannot support Senator Hawley after his role in what became a dangerous threat."[98]

Committee assignments

For the 116th United States Congress, Hawley was named to five Senate committees.[99] They are:

Political positions

Abortion

Hawley opposes abortion and has called for the appointment of "constitutionalist, pro-life judges" to the U.S. Supreme Court and other federal courts.[100] He has called Roe v. Wade "one of the most unjust decisions" in American judicial history. Missouri's Right to Life PAC endorsed Hawley for Senate.[100] In July 2020, Hawley said he would not support any Supreme Court nominee who did not explicitly say that they would vote to overturn Roe v. Wade.[101]

COVID-19 relief

In April 2020, Hawley proposed that the U.S. government pay businesses to keep their workers on payroll for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and rehire any workers who had already been laid off. His proposal was similar to programs that various European countries, including Denmark, the Netherlands, and the UK, had implemented.[102]

In December 2020, Hawley teamed up with Senator Bernie Sanders, an independent from Vermont who caucuses with the Democrats, to demand that any new stimulus deal include direct payments of at least $1,200 to American workers. As leverage, Hawley and Sanders used the upcoming Christmas recess and the deadline to pass a new continuing resolution to avert a government shutdown.[103][104]

Foreign policy

Hawley speaking with Acting Secretary of Defense Patrick M. Shanahan in 2019

In January 2019, Hawley was one of 11 Republican senators to vote to advance legislation aimed at blocking Trump's intended lifting of sanctions on three Russian companies.[105]

In October 2019, Hawley sponsored the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act. Before the bill went to the House of Representatives, he visited Hong Kong to see the protests. He commented on Twitter that Beijing was trying to turn Hong Kong into a "police state". Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam called the comment "irresponsible".[106] On November 19, 2019, the U.S. Senate unanimously passed the act.[107]

Gun policy

Hawley received a 93% rating from the National Rifle Association (NRA) for 2018 and an 86% rating for 2016.[108] He does not support an assault weapons ban, but does support some gun-control measures, including strengthening background checks, banning bump stocks, and banning mentally ill people from having guns.[109] Like Matt Rosendale in Montana's 2018 Senate race and Richard Burr, Hawley used National Media as a media consultant, the same firm the NRA employs.[110]

Health care

Hawley has criticized the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). As the attorney general of Missouri, he joined a lawsuit with 20 other states in seeking to have it declared unconstitutional.[111][112] Hawley said the act "was never constitutional",[111] and spoke proudly of his involvement in the lawsuit.[21] While running for the Senate in 2018, the Hawley campaign said that he supported protections for individuals with preexisting conditions.[21] He later published an op-ed in the Springfield News-Leader explaining that he supports protecting those with preexisting conditions by creating a taxpayer subsidy to reimburse insurance companies for covering these high cost patients.[22]

Human trafficking

Hawley has said that human trafficking is the result of the American sexual revolution in the 1960s due to the social encouragement of premarital sex and the use of contraception. After being criticized for these statements, he said that Hollywood culture was a major cause of human trafficking.[113][114] Hawley believes that the appropriate place for sex is "within marriage".[115]

Immigration

Hawley supports funding the construction of a wall along the southern border to stop illegal immigration.[116]

Hawley supported the Trump administration's family separation policy. He said it was a matter of upholding law and order.[11]

Labor

In his 2018 Senate campaign, Hawley did not take a firm position on right-to-work legislation that was subject to a referendum by Missouri voters at the time.[117] His spokesperson said of right-to-work, which would hamper labor unionizing, that "nobody should be forced to pay union dues."[118]

Also in 2018, Hawley expressed opposition to a raise in the Missouri minimum wage from $7.85/hour to $8.60 in 2019 and $12 by 2023.[119]

LGBT rights

In December 2015, Hawley supported exemptions for Missouri "businesses and religious groups from participating in same-sex ... marriage ceremonies".[120]

In June 2020, after the Supreme Court ruled that federal law prohibits workplace discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity, Hawley harshly criticized the decision, saying it "represents the end of the conservative legal movement".[121][122]

Social media and Big Tech

Hawley is known for his criticism of Big Tech and social media companies and has often broken with other Republicans in his support for regulation of internet companies. He cosponsored Do Not Track legislation with Democrats Dianne Feinstein and Mark Warner.[123]

In August 2019, Hawley introduced the Social Media Addiction Reduction Technology (SMART) Act, which would ban features, such as infinite scrolling and auto-play, that he says encourage internet addiction.[124]

Tax returns

During his 2018 campaign, Hawley released his and his wife's tax returns and called on his opponent, Claire McCaskill, to release her and her husband's returns. McCaskill released her returns, which she files separately from her husband's. When asked if he thought Trump should release his returns, Hawley did not say.[125]

Trade and tariffs

Hawley supported Trump's imposition of trade tariffs,[11] saying he hoped the tariffs will be temporary, eventually resulting in lower tariffs on U.S. agriculture than before the trade battles.[11] In September 2018, he fully supported Trump's trade actions, saying, "It's a trade war that China started. If we're in a war, I want to be winning it."[126]

On May 5, 2020, Hawley wrote an op-ed in The New York Times calling for the abolition of the World Trade Organization, arguing it did not serve American interests and "enabled the rise of China."[127][128] Shortly afterward, he introduced a resolution to withdraw the U.S. from the WTO.[129]

Donald Trump

Hawley has been characterized as a Trump loyalist.[94] Hawley voted to acquit Trump during his Senate impeachment trial.[130] He accused Democrats of having abused the Constitution by starting an impeachment inquiry into Trump, declaring that it was "the first purely partisan impeachment in our history".[130] The day after the Republican-held Senate acquitted Trump, Trump praised Hawley as having played a key role in his acquittal.[130]

U.S. Supreme Court nominations

Alex Wagner asks Hawley about the Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination in a 2018 episode of The Circus (1 minute, 2 seconds)

Hawley's first commercial in the 2018 Senate campaign focused on Brett Kavanaugh's nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court, which he supported.[131] After Kavanaugh was accused of sexual assault, Hawley staunchly defended him and said that Democrats had staged an "ambush".[131]

Supreme Court shortlist

On September 9, 2020, Trump announced that Hawley, Ted Cruz and Tom Cotton were on his shortlist for nominations to the Supreme Court should a vacancy occur. Hawley expressed his appreciation but declined the offer, saying, "Missourians elected me to fight for them in the Senate".[132] After Ruth Bader Ginsburg died on September 17,[133] Trump instead nominated Amy Coney Barrett on September 29.[134]

Personal life

In 2010, Hawley married Erin Morrow, an associate professor of law at the University of Missouri.[135] The couple have three children.[136] Following complaints that, after becoming Attorney General, he was not abiding by a statutory requirement that the Attorney General must reside within the city limits of the state capital (Jefferson City), Hawley began renting an apartment there, while his family continued to live in Columbia, Missouri.[137] The Hawleys own a house in Northern Virginia, which they bought in 2019 after Hawley was elected to the U.S. Senate, after selling their Columbia home.[138] Hawley's voter registration has his sister's address in Ozark.[139]

Hawley was raised Methodist, but he and his family now attend an Evangelical Presbyterian Church, and he identifies as an Evangelical.[13]

Electoral history

2016 Missouri Attorney General election[140]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Josh Hawley 1,607,550 58.5 +17.71%
Democratic Teresa Hensley 1,140,252 41.5 -14.31%
Total votes 2,747,802 100.0 N/A
Republican gain from Democratic
2018 U.S. Senate election in Missouri[141]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Josh Hawley 1,254,927 51.4 +12.27%
Democratic Claire McCaskill (incumbent) 1,112,935 45.6 -9.24%
Independent Craig O'Dear 34,398 1.4 N/A
Libertarian Japheth Campbell 27,316 1.1 -4.95%
Green Jo Crain 12,706 0.5 N/A
Write-in 7 <0.01 N/A
Total votes 2,442,289 100.0 N/A
Republican gain from Democratic

Primary elections

2016 Republican Missouri Attorney General primary[142]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Josh Hawley 415,702 64.2
Republican Kurt Schaefer 231,657 35.8
Total votes 647,359 100.0
2018 Republican U.S. Senate primary in Missouri[143]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Josh Hawley 389,878 58.6
Republican Tony Monetti 64,834 9.7
Republican Austin Petersen 54,916 8.3
Republican Kristi Nichols 49,640 7.5
Republican Christina Smith 35,024 5.3
Republican Ken Patterson 19,579 2.9
Republican Peter Pfeifer 16,594 2.5
Republican Courtland Sykes 13,870 2.1
Republican Fred Ryman 8,781 1.3
Republican Brian Hagg 6,871 1.0
Republican Bradley Krembs 4,902 0.7
Total votes 664,889 100.0

Publications

References

  1. ^ Austin, Alana (January 7, 2019). "Josh Hawley, country's youngest Senator, takes place on Capitol Hill". GrayDC. Gray Television. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
  2. ^ Thanawala, Sudhin (January 6, 2021). "Ossoff seals Democrats' sweep; will be youngest US senator". The Miami Herald. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Roll Call Vote 117th Congress - 1st Session". United States Senate. January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  4. ^ "Josh Hawley facing scorn, calls for his resignation following objection to Biden win". Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c "Assault on democracy: Sen. Josh Hawley has blood on his hands in Capitol coup attempt". The Kansas City Star. January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
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External links

Party political offices
Preceded by Republican nominee for Attorney General of Missouri
2016 		Most recent
Preceded by Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Missouri
(Class 1)
2018
Legal offices
Preceded by Attorney General of Missouri
2017–2019 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Missouri
2019–present
Served alongside: Roy Blunt 		Incumbent
Honorary titles
Preceded by Baby of the Senate
2019–present 		Succeeded by
Jon Ossoff
Designate
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States Senators by seniority
90th 		Succeeded by
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josh_Hawley&diff=prev&oldid=999002165

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