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'''Jim Lee''' ([[Korean language|Korean]] 이용철; born August 11, 1964) is a [[Korean American]] comic book artist, writer, editor |
'''Jim Lee''' ([[Korean language|Korean]] 이용철; born August 11, 1964) is a [[Korean American]] comic book artist, writer, editor, and publisher. He entered the industry in 1987 as an artist for [[Marvel Comics]], illustrating titles such as ''[[Alpha Flight]]'' and ''[[The Punisher War Journal]]'', before gaining popularity on ''[[The Uncanny X-Men]]''. ''X-Men'' No. 1, the 1991 spinoff series premiere that Lee penciled and co-wrote with [[Chris Claremont]], remains the best-selling comic book of all time, according to ''[[Guinness World Records]]''. |
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In 1992 Lee and several other artists formed their own publishing company, [[Image Comics]], to publish their creator-owned titles, with Lee publishing titles such as ''[[WildC.A.T.s]]'' and ''[[Gen¹³]]'' through his studio [[Wildstorm Productions]]. Eschewing the role of publisher in order to return to illustration, Lee sold Wildstorm in 1998 to [[DC Comics]], where he continued to run it as a DC imprint until 2010, as well as illustrating successful titles set in [[DC Universe|DC's main fictional universe]], such as the year-long "[[Batman: Hush]]" and "[[Superman: For Tomorrow]]" storylines. On February 18, 2010, Jim Lee was announced as the new Co-Publisher of DC Comics with [[Dan DiDio]], both replacing [[Paul Levitz]]. |
In 1992 Lee and several other artists formed their own publishing company, [[Image Comics]], to publish their creator-owned titles, with Lee publishing titles such as ''[[WildC.A.T.s]]'' and ''[[Gen¹³]]'' through his studio [[Wildstorm Productions]]. Eschewing the role of publisher in order to return to illustration, Lee sold Wildstorm in 1998 to [[DC Comics]], where he continued to run it as a DC imprint until 2010, as well as illustrating successful titles set in [[DC Universe|DC's main fictional universe]], such as the year-long "[[Batman: Hush]]" and "[[Superman: For Tomorrow]]" storylines. On February 18, 2010, Jim Lee was announced as the new Co-Publisher of DC Comics with [[Dan DiDio]], both replacing [[Paul Levitz]]. |
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In 1986, as he was preparing to graduate, Lee took an art class that reignited his love of drawing, and led to his rediscovery of comics at a time when seminal works such as [[Frank Miller (comics)|Frank Miller]]'s ''[[The Dark Knight Returns]]'' and [[Alan Moore]] and [[Dave Gibbons]]' ''[[Watchmen]]'' spurred a renaissance within the American comics industry.<ref name=Icons/> After obtaining his psychology degree,<ref name=CBR2006/> he decided to postpone applying to medical school, and earned the reluctant blessing of his parents by allotting himself one year to succeed, vowing that he would attend medical school if he did not break into the comic book industry in that time. He submitted samples to various publishers, but did not find success.<ref name=Icons/> When Lee befriended St. Louis-area comics artists Don Secrease and [[Rick Burchett]], they convinced him he needed to show his portfolio to editors in person, prompting Lee to attend a New York comics convention,<ref name=stlmag/> where he met editor [[Archie Goodwin (comics)|Archie Goodwin]]. Goodwin invited Lee to Marvel Comics, where the aspiring artist received his first assignment by editor [[Carl Potts]], who hired him to pencil the mid-list series ''[[Alpha Flight]]'', seguéing from that title in 1989 to ''[[Punisher: War Journal]]''.<ref name=Icons/><ref name="Gaffney">Gaffney, Suzanne. "Co-Conspirators Talk". ''[[The Punisher War Journal]]''. Marvel Comics. December 1988.</ref> Lee's work on the ''Punisher: War Journal'' was inspired by artists such as Frank Miller, [[David Ross (comics)|David Ross]], [[Kevin Nowlan]], and [[Whilce Portacio]], as well as Japanese [[manga]].<ref name="Gaffney"/> |
In 1986, as he was preparing to graduate, Lee took an art class that reignited his love of drawing, and led to his rediscovery of comics at a time when seminal works such as [[Frank Miller (comics)|Frank Miller]]'s ''[[The Dark Knight Returns]]'' and [[Alan Moore]] and [[Dave Gibbons]]' ''[[Watchmen]]'' spurred a renaissance within the American comics industry.<ref name=Icons/> After obtaining his psychology degree,<ref name=CBR2006/> he decided to postpone applying to medical school, and earned the reluctant blessing of his parents by allotting himself one year to succeed, vowing that he would attend medical school if he did not break into the comic book industry in that time. He submitted samples to various publishers, but did not find success.<ref name=Icons/> When Lee befriended St. Louis-area comics artists Don Secrease and [[Rick Burchett]], they convinced him he needed to show his portfolio to editors in person, prompting Lee to attend a New York comics convention,<ref name=stlmag/> where he met editor [[Archie Goodwin (comics)|Archie Goodwin]]. Goodwin invited Lee to Marvel Comics, where the aspiring artist received his first assignment by editor [[Carl Potts]], who hired him to pencil the mid-list series ''[[Alpha Flight]]'', seguéing from that title in 1989 to ''[[Punisher: War Journal]]''.<ref name=Icons/><ref name="Gaffney">Gaffney, Suzanne. "Co-Conspirators Talk". ''[[The Punisher War Journal]]''. Marvel Comics. December 1988.</ref> Lee's work on the ''Punisher: War Journal'' was inspired by artists such as Frank Miller, [[David Ross (comics)|David Ross]], [[Kevin Nowlan]], and [[Whilce Portacio]], as well as Japanese [[manga]].<ref name="Gaffney"/> |
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In 1989, Lee filled in for regular illustrator [[Marc Silvestri]] on ''[[Uncanny X-Men]]'' |
In 1989, Lee filled in for regular illustrator [[Marc Silvestri]] on ''[[Uncanny X-Men]]'' No. 248 and did another guest stint on issues No. 256 through No. 258 as part of the "[[Acts of Vengeance]]" storyline, eventually becoming the series' ongoing artist with issue No. 267, following Silvestri's departure. During his stint on ''Uncanny'' Lee first worked with inker [[Scott Williams (comics)|Scott Williams]], who would become a long-time collaborator. During his run on the title, Lee co-created the character [[Gambit (comics)|Gambit]] with long-time X-Men writer [[Chris Claremont]]. |
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[[Image:Xmenjimlee.jpg|left|thumb|325px|[[Gatefold]] cover art from ''[[X-Men]]'' #1]] |
[[Image:Xmenjimlee.jpg|left|thumb|325px|[[Gatefold]] cover art from ''[[X-Men]]'' #1]] |
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Lee's artwork quickly gained popularity in the eyes of enthusiastic fans, which allowed him to gain greater creative control of the franchise. In 1991, Lee helped launch a second ''X-Men'' series simply called ''[[X-Men: Legacy|X-Men]]'' volume 2, as both the artist and as co-writer with Claremont.<ref>{{cite book|last = Manning|first = Matthew K.|last2= Gilbert|first2= Laura, ed.|chapter= 1990s|title = Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History|publisher = [[Dorling Kindersley]]|year = 2008|page = 255|isbn =978-0756641238|quote= It was a matter of simple addition. Take Chris Claremont, the writer who had made ''The Uncanny X-Men'' the continual hit that it was, and add Jim Lee, the artist who had reinvigorated the title's popularity in recent months...The sum of all these parts was ''X-Men'' #1, the best selling comic book in the history of the medium, selling well over eight million copies.}}</ref> ''X-Men'' vol. 2 |
Lee's artwork quickly gained popularity in the eyes of enthusiastic fans, which allowed him to gain greater creative control of the franchise. In 1991, Lee helped launch a second ''X-Men'' series simply called ''[[X-Men: Legacy|X-Men]]'' volume 2, as both the artist and as co-writer with Claremont.<ref>{{cite book|last = Manning|first = Matthew K.|last2= Gilbert|first2= Laura, ed.|chapter= 1990s|title = Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History|publisher = [[Dorling Kindersley]]|year = 2008|page = 255|isbn =978-0756641238|quote= It was a matter of simple addition. Take Chris Claremont, the writer who had made ''The Uncanny X-Men'' the continual hit that it was, and add Jim Lee, the artist who had reinvigorated the title's popularity in recent months...The sum of all these parts was ''X-Men'' #1, the best selling comic book in the history of the medium, selling well over eight million copies.}}</ref> ''X-Men'' vol. 2 No. 1 is still the best-selling comic book of all-time with sales of over 8.1 million copies and nearly $7 million, according to a public proclamation by ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://marvel.com/news/story/13598/sdcc_2010_marvel_breaks_world_record|title= SDCC 2010: Marvel Breaks World Record|first= Ben|last= Morse|date= August 10, 2010|publisher= Marvel Comics|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131021163225/http://marvel.com/news/story/13598/sdcc_2010_marvel_breaks_world_record|archivedate= October 21, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bleedingcool.com/2010/07/22/x-men-1-the-guinness-world-record-best-selling-comic-of-all-time/|title= ''X-Men'' #1 The Guinness World Record Best Selling Comic Of All Time?|first= Rich|last= Johnston|date= July 22, 2010|publisher= [[Bleeding Cool]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131016033714/http://www.bleedingcool.com/2010/07/22/x-men-1-the-guinness-world-record-best-selling-comic-of-all-time/|archivedate= October 16, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>Cantor, Michael (Producer); [[Schreiber, Liev]] (Narrator) ''Superheroes: A Never-Ending Battle''. [[PBS]]. October 15, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last = Glenday|first = Craig, ed.|authorlink = Craig Glenday|title = [[Guinness World Records]] 2013|publisher = [[Jim Pattison Group]]|year = 2013|page = 212|isbn = 978-1904994879}}</ref> The sales figures were generated in part by publishing the issue with five different variant covers, four of which show different characters from the book that formed a single image when laid side by side, and a fifth, [[gatefold]] cover of that combined image, large numbers of which were purchased by retailers, who anticipated fans and speculators who would buy multiple copies in order to acquire a complete collection of the covers.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://blog.comichron.com/2010/11/x-men-1-one-piece-and-world-records.html|title= ''X-Men'' #1, One Piece, and world records |first= John Jackson|last= Miller|authorlink= John Jackson Miller|date= November 16, 2010|publisher= The Comics Chronicles|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101119091128/http://blog.comichron.com/2010/11/x-men-1-one-piece-and-world-records.html|archivedate= November 19, 2010|deadurl= no}}</ref> Lee designed new character uniforms for the series, including those worn by [[Cyclops (comics)|Cyclops]], [[Jean Grey]], [[Rogue (comics)|Rogue]], [[Psylocke]] and [[Storm (Marvel Comics)|Storm]] and created the villain [[Omega Red]]. Actor/comedian [[Taran Killam]], who has ventured into comics writing with ''[[The Illegitimates]]'', has cited ''X-Men'' No. 1 as the book that inspired his interest in comics.<ref name=CBR10.17.13>{{cite web |url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=48554|title= NYCC: ''Saturday Night Live's'' Taran Killam Debriefs ''The Illegitimates''|first= T.J.|last= Dietsch|date= October 17, 2013|publisher= [[Comic Book Resources]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131018013411/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=48554|archivedate= October 18, 2013|deadurl= no}} Archive requires scrolldown</ref> |
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[[Stan Lee]] interviewed Jim Lee in the documentary series ''[[The Comic Book Greats]]''. |
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===Image Comics and WildStorm, return to Marvel=== |
===Image Comics and WildStorm, return to Marvel=== |
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[[Image:Wildcats promo.jpg|thumb|right|180px|''[[Wildcats (comics)|WildC.A.T.s]]'' promotional artwork.]] |
[[Image:Wildcats promo.jpg|thumb|right|180px|''[[Wildcats (comics)|WildC.A.T.s]]'' promotional artwork.]] |
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Enticed by the idea of being able to exert more control over his own work, in 1992, Lee accepted the invitation to join six other artists who broke away from Marvel to form [[Image Comics]], which would publish their creator-owned titles.<ref name=CBR2006/> Lee's group of titles was initially called Aegis Entertainment before being christened [[Wildstorm|Wildstorm Productions]], and published Lee's initial title ''[[Wildcats (comics)|WildC.A.T.s]]'', which Lee pencilled and co-wrote, and other series created by Lee in the same shared [[fictional universe|universe]]. The other major series of the initial years of Wildstorm, for which Lee either created characters, co-plotted or provided art for, included ''[[Stormwatch (comics)|Stormwatch]]'', ''[[ |
Enticed by the idea of being able to exert more control over his own work, in 1992, Lee accepted the invitation to join six other artists who broke away from Marvel to form [[Image Comics]], which would publish their creator-owned titles.<ref name=CBR2006/> Lee's group of titles was initially called Aegis Entertainment before being christened [[Wildstorm|Wildstorm Productions]], and published Lee's initial title ''[[Wildcats (comics)|WildC.A.T.s]]'', which Lee pencilled and co-wrote, and other series created by Lee in the same shared [[fictional universe|universe]]. The other major series of the initial years of Wildstorm, for which Lee either created characters, co-plotted or provided art for, included ''[[Stormwatch (comics)|Stormwatch]]'', ''[[Deathblow]]'' and ''[[Gen¹³]]''. |
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In 1993, Lee and his friend, [[Valiant Comics]] publisher Steve Massarsky, arranged a Valiant-Image Comics crossover miniseries called ''[[Deathmate]]'', in which the Valiant characters would interact with those of Wildstorm, and of Lee's fellow Image partner, [[Rob Liefeld]]. The miniseries would consist of four "center books", (each one denoted by a color rather than an issue number), two each produced by the respective companies, plus a prologue and epilogue book. Wildstorm produced ''Deathmate Black'', with Lee himself contributing to the writing. He illustrated the covers for that book, the ''Deathmate Tourbook'' and the prologue book, as well as contributing to the prologue's interior inks. |
In 1993, Lee and his friend, [[Valiant Comics]] publisher Steve Massarsky, arranged a Valiant-Image Comics crossover miniseries called ''[[Deathmate]]'', in which the Valiant characters would interact with those of Wildstorm, and of Lee's fellow Image partner, [[Rob Liefeld]]. The miniseries would consist of four "center books", (each one denoted by a color rather than an issue number), two each produced by the respective companies, plus a prologue and epilogue book. Wildstorm produced ''Deathmate Black'', with Lee himself contributing to the writing. He illustrated the covers for that book, the ''Deathmate Tourbook'' and the prologue book, as well as contributing to the prologue's interior inks. |
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=== Move to DC Comics === |
=== Move to DC Comics === |
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Because he felt his role as publisher and his growing family demands interfered with his role as an artist, Lee left [[Image Comics]] and sold Wildstorm to [[DC Comics]] in late 1998,<ref name=WildcatsV2#1>Lee, Jim (March 1999). "Welcome and Happy New Year!". ''Wildcats'' (vol 2) #1 [[Wildstorm Productions]], p. 27.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Manning|first= Matthew K.|last2=Dolan|first2=Hannah, ed.|chapter= 1990s|title = DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle|publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]]|year=2010|isbn= 978-0-7566-6742-9|page= 286|quote = In a landmark deal, DC purchased Jim Lee's Wildstorm imprint, gaining another super hero universe.}}</ref> enabling him to focus once again on art.<ref name=Icons/><ref name=CBR2006/ |
Because he felt his role as publisher and his growing family demands interfered with his role as an artist, Lee left [[Image Comics]] and sold Wildstorm to [[DC Comics]] in late 1998,<ref name=WildcatsV2#1>Lee, Jim (March 1999). "Welcome and Happy New Year!". ''Wildcats'' (vol 2) #1 [[Wildstorm Productions]], p. 27.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Manning|first= Matthew K.|last2=Dolan|first2=Hannah, ed.|chapter= 1990s|title = DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle|publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]]|year=2010|isbn= 978-0-7566-6742-9|page= 286|quote = In a landmark deal, DC purchased Jim Lee's Wildstorm imprint, gaining another super hero universe.}}</ref> enabling him to focus once again on art.<ref name=Icons/><ref name=CBR2006/> In 2003 he collaborated on a 12-issue run on ''[[Batman (comic book)|Batman]]'' with writer [[Jeph Loeb]].<ref>Cowsill, Alan "2000s" in Dolan, p. 307: "The 'Hush' story arc [begun] in ''Batman'' #608 was artist Jim Lee's first major work since he joined DC...Written by Jeph Loeb, 'Hush' brought profound changes to the life of the Dark Knight."</ref> "[[Batman: Hush|Hush]]" became a sales success. He followed this up in 2004 by illustrating "[[For Tomorrow (comic)|For Tomorrow]]", a 12-issue story in ''[[Superman (comic book)|Superman]]'' by writer [[Brian Azzarello]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lambiek.net/artists/l/lee_jim.htm|title= Jim Lee|date= July 13, 2012|publisher= [[Lambiek|Lambiek Comiclopedia]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130516062240/http://www.lambiek.net/artists/l/lee_jim.htm|archivedate= May 16, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> In 2005, Lee teamed with [[Frank Miller (comics)|Frank Miller]] on the new series ''[[All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder]]'',<ref>Cowsill "2000s" in Dolan, p. 321: "Writer Frank Miller and artist Jim Lee got things started in the first release for the new imprint - ''All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder''."</ref> a series plagued by delays. Lee himself took full responsibility for the delays, explaining that his involvement with the ''[[DC Universe Online]]'' video game were the cause, and not Miller's scripts, which had been completed for some time.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://acomicbookblog.com/2009/08/all-star-batman-and-robin-update-jim-lee-interview/|title= ''All Star Batman and Robin'' Update: Jim Lee Interview|first= John|last= Barringer|date= August 1, 2009|publisher= A Comic Book Blog|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131227105148/http://acomicbookblog.com/2009/08/all-star-batman-and-robin-update-jim-lee-interview/|archivedate= December 27, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://ifanboy.com/articles/all-star-batman-and-robin-to-conclude-next-year-sort-of/|title= ''All-Star Batman and Robin'' to Conclude Next Year…Sort of|first= Paul|last= MOntgomery|date= April 2, 2010|publisher= [[iFanboy]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131228032824/http://ifanboy.com/articles/all-star-batman-and-robin-to-conclude-next-year-sort-of/|archivedate= December 28, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cbgxtra.com/comic-books/iall-star-batman-and-robini-5-delays-end|title= ''All-Star Batman and Robin'' #5 delays end|first= Brent|last= Frankenhoff|authorlink= Brent Frankenhoff|date= June 6, 2006|publisher= ''[[Comics Buyer's Guide]]''|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131228111336/http://www.cbgxtra.com/comic-books/iall-star-batman-and-robini-5-delays-end|archivedate= December 28, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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Lee continued to run Wildstorm as Editorial Director, sometimes working on both DC and Wildstorm properties simultaneously. In September 2006, Jim Lee returned to ''WildC.A.T.s'' with [[Grant Morrison]] as the writer, pencilling both ''WildC.A.T.s'' and ''All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder'', both of which were characterized by publication delays. The gap between ''All-Star Batman and Robin'' No. 4 and No. 5 was one year, and to date, only one issue of ''WildC.A.T.s'' vol. 4 has been published. Lee drew alternative cover art for the ''[[Infinite Crisis]]'' series. |
Lee continued to run Wildstorm as Editorial Director, sometimes working on both DC and Wildstorm properties simultaneously. In September 2006, Jim Lee returned to ''WildC.A.T.s'' with [[Grant Morrison]] as the writer, pencilling both ''WildC.A.T.s'' and ''All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder'', both of which were characterized by publication delays. The gap between ''All-Star Batman and Robin'' No. 4 and No. 5 was one year, and to date, only one issue of ''WildC.A.T.s'' vol. 4 has been published. Lee drew alternative cover art for the ''[[Infinite Crisis]]'' series. |
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In 2009 Lee provided artwork for the album booklet for [[Daughtry (band)|Daughtry]]'s 2009 album ''[[Leave This Town]]''. |
In 2009 Lee provided artwork for the album booklet for [[Daughtry (band)|Daughtry]]'s 2009 album ''[[Leave This Town]]''. |
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In February 2010 Lee and [[Dan DiDio]] were named Co-Publishers of DC Comics by DC Entertainment President [[Diane Nelson (comics)|Diane Nelson]].<ref>Cowsill "2000s" in Dolan, p. 340: "Publisher Paul Levitz stepped down, and co-publishers Dan DiDio and Jim Lee, along with DC Entertainment chief creative officer Geoff Johns, teamed up to helm DC Comics."</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://dcu.blog.dccomics.com/2010/02/18/for-immediate-release-dc-entertainment-names-executive-team/|title= Jim Lee and Dan DiDio Named Co-Publishers DC Comics. Geoff Johns to Serve as Chief Creative Officer. John Rood Named EVP, Sales, Marketing and Business Development. Patrick Caldon Named EVP, Finance and Administration|first= David|last= Hyde|date= February 18, 2010|publisher= DC Comics|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100221121229/http://dcu.blog.dccomics.com/2010/02/18/for-immediate-release-dc-entertainment-names-executive-team|archivedate= February 21, 2010|deadurl= yes|quote= The new senior executive team includes Jim Lee and Dan DiDio, who have been named Co-Publishers of DC Comics, and Geoff Johns, who will serve as Chief Creative Officer of DC Entertainment.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bleedingcool.com/2010/02/18/dc-announce-new-publisher-all-five-of-them/|title= DC Announces New Publisher – All Five Of Them!|first= Rich|last= Johnston|authorlink = Rich Johnston|date= February 18, 2010|publisher= Bleeding Cool|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131228034013/http://www.bleedingcool.com/2010/02/18/dc-announce-new-publisher-all-five-of-them/|archivedate= December 28, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> According to Lee, this does not indicate another move away from the creative side of comics, as his Co-Publishing duties grant him greater creative involvement in the entire DC line and allow him to illustrate titles, such as ''[[Dark Knight: Boy Wonder]]'', a re-branded conclusion to the story he and Frank Miller began in ''All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder''.<ref name=Icons/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://dcu.blog.dccomics.com/2010/04/02/whats-next-for-frank-miller-and-jim-lee/|title= What's Next for Frank Miller and Jim Lee?|first= Alex|last= Segura|date= April 2, 2010|publisher= DC Comics|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131019235624/http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2010/04/02/whats-next-for-frank-miller-and-jim-lee|archivedate= October 19, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> |
In February 2010 Lee and [[Dan DiDio]] were named Co-Publishers of DC Comics by DC Entertainment President [[Diane Nelson (comics)|Diane Nelson]].<ref>Cowsill "2000s" in Dolan, p. 340: "Publisher Paul Levitz stepped down, and co-publishers Dan DiDio and Jim Lee, along with DC Entertainment chief creative officer Geoff Johns, teamed up to helm DC Comics."</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://dcu.blog.dccomics.com/2010/02/18/for-immediate-release-dc-entertainment-names-executive-team/|title= Jim Lee and Dan DiDio Named Co-Publishers DC Comics. Geoff Johns to Serve as Chief Creative Officer. John Rood Named EVP, Sales, Marketing and Business Development. Patrick Caldon Named EVP, Finance and Administration|first= David|last= Hyde|date= February 18, 2010|publisher= DC Comics|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100221121229/http://dcu.blog.dccomics.com/2010/02/18/for-immediate-release-dc-entertainment-names-executive-team|archivedate= February 21, 2010|deadurl= yes|quote= The new senior executive team includes Jim Lee and Dan DiDio, who have been named Co-Publishers of DC Comics, and Geoff Johns, who will serve as Chief Creative Officer of DC Entertainment.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bleedingcool.com/2010/02/18/dc-announce-new-publisher-all-five-of-them/|title= DC Announces New Publisher – All Five Of Them!|first= Rich|last= Johnston|authorlink = Rich Johnston|date= February 18, 2010|publisher= Bleeding Cool|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131228034013/http://www.bleedingcool.com/2010/02/18/dc-announce-new-publisher-all-five-of-them/|archivedate= December 28, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> According to Lee, this does not indicate another move away from the creative side of comics, as his Co-Publishing duties grant him greater creative involvement in the entire DC line and allow him to illustrate titles, such as ''[[Dark Knight: Boy Wonder]]'', a re-branded conclusion to the story he and Frank Miller began in ''All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder''.<ref name=Icons/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://dcu.blog.dccomics.com/2010/04/02/whats-next-for-frank-miller-and-jim-lee/|title= What's Next for Frank Miller and Jim Lee?|first= Alex|last= Segura|date= April 2, 2010|publisher= DC Comics|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131019235624/http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2010/04/02/whats-next-for-frank-miller-and-jim-lee|archivedate= October 19, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> He was to supply the painted art over [[Giuseppe Camuncoli]]'s layouts in ''Batman: Europa'' #1, a 2011 miniseries<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2010/10/06/nycc-2010-batman-europa-by-jim-lee-and-brian-azzarello|title= NYCC 2010: ''Batman: Europa'' by Jim Lee and co-writers Brian Azzarello and Matteo Casali|first= Alex|last= Segura|date= October 6, 2010|publisher= DC Comics|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131228152511/http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2010/10/06/nycc-2010-batman-europa-by-jim-lee-and-brian-azzarello|archivedate= December 28, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> inspired by Lee's time living in Italy,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.newsarama.com/comics/brian-azzarello-batman-europa-110106.html|title= Brian Azzarello Teams Batman & The Joker in ''Europa''|first= Vaneta|last= Rogers|date= January 6, 2011|publisher= [[Newsarama]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131227195427/http://www.newsarama.com/6807-brian-azzarello-teams-batman-the-joker-in-europa.html|archivedate= December 27, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> though as of June 2011, neither of these projects have materialized. According to a March 2013 article, DC insists that ''Europa'' is not cancelled.<ref>[[Johnston, Rich]] (March 2013) "The Black Bolt List". ''[[Bleeding Cool]]''. pp. 49–50.</ref> DC announced they were ending the Wildstorm imprint in September 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.newsarama.com/6129-dc-co-publishers-announce-end-of-wildstorm-imprint-zuda.html|title= DC Co-Publishers Announce End of Widstorm Imprint, Zuda|first= Albert|last= Ching|date= September 21, 2010|publisher= Newsarama|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131110010401/http://www.newsarama.com/6129-dc-co-publishers-announce-end-of-wildstorm-imprint-zuda.html|archivedate= November 10, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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In September 2011, DC Comics instituted a program called [[The New 52]], in which the publisher cancelled all of its superhero titles and relaunched 52 new series with No. 1 issues, wiping out most of the then-current continuity. Lee and writer [[Geoff Johns]], DC Comics' Chief Creative Officer, are the architects of the relaunch, which was initiated with a new ''[[Justice League]]'' series, written and illustrated by Johns and Lee, respectively. |
In September 2011, DC Comics instituted a program called [[The New 52]], in which the publisher cancelled all of its superhero titles and relaunched 52 new series with No. 1 issues, wiping out most of the then-current continuity. Lee and writer [[Geoff Johns]], DC Comics' Chief Creative Officer, are the architects of the relaunch, which was initiated with a new ''[[Justice League]]'' series, written and illustrated by Johns and Lee, respectively. The series' first story arc was a new origin of the Justice League, which depicted the return of DC's primary superheroes to the team.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.usatoday.com/life/comics/2011-06-01-dc-comics-why-the-change_n.htm|title= DC Comics ready for a risky yet relevant publishing change|first= Brian|last= Truitt|date= May 3, 2011|publisher= ''[[USA Today]]''|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140210084352/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/comics/2011-06-01-dc-comics-why-the-change_n.htm|archivedate= February 10, 2014|deadurl= no}}</ref> Lee's illustration for the cover of issue No. 12 drew media attention for its depiction of [[Superman]] and [[Wonder Woman]] in a passionate embrace, a rendition that Lee said was inspired by [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting ''[[The Kiss (Klimt)|The Kiss]]'' and [[Alfred Eisenstaedt]]'s 1945 photograph ''[[V-J Day in Times Square]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://shelf-life.ew.com/2012/08/22/justice-league-12-exclusive/|title= ''Justice League'' #12: DC reveals Superman's new leading lady... and it's a doozy -- Exclusive|first= Jeff|last= Jensen|date= August 22, 2012|publisher= ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140107052558/http://shelf-life.ew.com/2012/08/22/justice-league-12-exclusive/|archivedate= January 7, 2014|deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.digitalspy.com/comics/news/a401118/justice-league-to-feature-new-superman-romance.html|title= ''Justice League'' to feature new Superman romance|first= Mark|last= Langshaw|date= August 22, 2012|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131227231441/http://www.digitalspy.com/comics/news/a401118/justice-league-to-feature-new-superman-romance.html|archivedate= December 27, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.comicsalliance.com/2012/08/22/superman-wonder-woman-romance-justice-league-12/|title= Superman + Wonder Woman = <3 In ''Justice League'' #12 (Kissy Kissy)|first= Andy|last= Khouri|date= August 22, 2012|publisher= [[ComicsAlliance]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131228103806/http://comicsalliance.com/superman-wonder-woman-romance-justice-league-12/|archivedate= December 27, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://ifanboy.com/articles/superman-wonder-woman-sitting-in-a-tree-k-i-s-s-i-n-g-in-justice-league-12-and-beyond/|title= Superman & Wonder Woman Sitting in a Tree, K-I-S-S-I-N-G in ''Justice League'' #12 and Beyond|first= Paul|last= Montgomery|date= August 22, 2012|publisher= iFanboy|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131228032501/http://ifanboy.com/articles/superman-wonder-woman-sitting-in-a-tree-k-i-s-s-i-n-g-in-justice-league-12-and-beyond/|archivedate= December 28, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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In October of that year, DC Entertainment and [[Kia Motors America]] entered a partnership to benefit We Can Be Heroes, a campaign dedicated to fighting hunger in the [[Horn of Africa]]. The campaign involves the creation of eight Justice League-inspired vehicles, on whose designs Lee collaborated. Each vehicle is tied thematically to a member of the Justice League,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/03/dc-and-kia-team-up-for-jla-car-fleet|title= DC and Kia Team Up for JLA Car Fleet|first= Max|last= Nicholson|date= October 3, 2012|publisher= IGN|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20121007225438/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/03/dc-and-kia-team-up-for-jla-car-fleet?|archivedate= October 28, 2012|deadurl= no}}</ref> the first of which was a Batman-themed [[Kia Optima]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/11/the-batman-kia-optima-comes-in-black|title= The Batman Kia Optima Comes in Black|first= Mac|last= Nicholson|date= October 11, 2012|publisher= IGN |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130818233040/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/11/the-batman-kia-optima-comes-in-black|archivedate= August 18, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> A Superman-themed version inspired by Lee's art followed in February 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.multivu.com/mnr/59962-kia-motors-america-superman-inspired-kia-optima-hybrid-chicago-auto-show|title= Superman-Inspired Kia Optima Soars Into Chicago For Auto Show Debut|date= February 7, 2013|publisher= [[Kia Motors]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/save/http://www.multivu.com/mnr/59962-kia-motors-america-superman-inspired-kia-optima-hybrid-chicago-auto-show|archivedate= February 14, 2014|deadurl= no}}</ref> |
In October of that year, DC Entertainment and [[Kia Motors America]] entered a partnership to benefit We Can Be Heroes, a campaign dedicated to fighting hunger in the [[Horn of Africa]]. The campaign involves the creation of eight Justice League-inspired vehicles, on whose designs Lee collaborated. Each vehicle is tied thematically to a member of the Justice League,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/03/dc-and-kia-team-up-for-jla-car-fleet|title= DC and Kia Team Up for JLA Car Fleet|first= Max|last= Nicholson|date= October 3, 2012|publisher= IGN|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20121007225438/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/03/dc-and-kia-team-up-for-jla-car-fleet?|archivedate= October 28, 2012|deadurl= no}}</ref> the first of which was a Batman-themed [[Kia Optima]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/11/the-batman-kia-optima-comes-in-black|title= The Batman Kia Optima Comes in Black|first= Mac|last= Nicholson|date= October 11, 2012|publisher= IGN |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130818233040/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/11/the-batman-kia-optima-comes-in-black|archivedate= August 18, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> A Superman-themed version inspired by Lee's art followed in February 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.multivu.com/mnr/59962-kia-motors-america-superman-inspired-kia-optima-hybrid-chicago-auto-show|title= Superman-Inspired Kia Optima Soars Into Chicago For Auto Show Debut|date= February 7, 2013|publisher= [[Kia Motors]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/save/http://www.multivu.com/mnr/59962-kia-motors-america-superman-inspired-kia-optima-hybrid-chicago-auto-show|archivedate= February 14, 2014|deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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On May 4, 2013,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.digitalspy.com/comics/news/a452310/dc-comics-unveils-superman-offering-for-free-comic-book-day-2013.html|title= DC Comics unveils ''Superman'' offering for Free Comic Book Day 2013|first= Hugh|last= Armitage|date= January 20, 2013|publisher= [[Digital Spy]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130705082233/http://www.digitalspy.com/comics/news/a452310/dc-comics-unveils-superman-offering-for-free-comic-book-day-2013.html|archivedate= July 5, 2013|deadurl= no|quote= Scott Snyder and Jim Lee's forthcoming ''Superman'' monthly title will be previewed in the issue.}}</ref> DC published a [[Free Comic Book Day]] sneak preview of ''[[Superman Unchained]]'', an ongoing series written by [[Scott Snyder]] and illustrated by Lee, which was published on June 12, 2013, and intended to coincide with the feature film ''[[Man of Steel (film)|Man of Steel]]'', which opened two days later.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/03/04/scott-snyder-and-jim-lees-superman-unchained-confirmed-for-june|title= Scott Snyder and Jim Lee's ''Superman Unchained'' Confirmed for June|first= Joey|last= Esposito|date= March 4, 2013|publisher= [[IGN]]|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/6IjWraxfm|archivedate= August 8, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> |
On May 4, 2013,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.digitalspy.com/comics/news/a452310/dc-comics-unveils-superman-offering-for-free-comic-book-day-2013.html|title= DC Comics unveils ''Superman'' offering for Free Comic Book Day 2013|first= Hugh|last= Armitage|date= January 20, 2013|publisher= [[Digital Spy]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130705082233/http://www.digitalspy.com/comics/news/a452310/dc-comics-unveils-superman-offering-for-free-comic-book-day-2013.html|archivedate= July 5, 2013|deadurl= no|quote= Scott Snyder and Jim Lee's forthcoming ''Superman'' monthly title will be previewed in the issue.}}</ref> DC published a [[Free Comic Book Day]] sneak preview of ''[[Superman Unchained]]'', an ongoing series written by [[Scott Snyder]] and illustrated by Lee, which was published on June 12, 2013, and intended to coincide with the feature film ''[[Man of Steel (film)|Man of Steel]]'', which opened two days later.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/03/04/scott-snyder-and-jim-lees-superman-unchained-confirmed-for-june|title= Scott Snyder and Jim Lee's ''Superman Unchained'' Confirmed for June|first= Joey|last= Esposito|date= March 4, 2013|publisher= [[IGN]]|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/6IjWraxfm|archivedate= August 8, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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In 2014, [[General Mills]] enlisted the help of DC Comics to create new designs for its [[ |
In 2014, [[General Mills]] enlisted the help of DC Comics to create new designs for its [[monster-themed cereals]] in time for Halloween. The designs, revealed on August 6, consisted of a Boo Berry design by Lee, a [[Count Chocolua]] design by [[Terry Dodson]] and a [[Franken-Berry]] design by Dave Johnson. Describing the task of designing a cartoon character, Lee explained, "Drawing simpler characters is a lot more work and harder than drawing something that's more complicated or has a lot of renderings. Every line counts and every distance between the eyes and the ears, it's all super critical."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=54626|title= Jim Lee, Dave Johnson, Terry & Rachel Dodson Redesign General Mills' Monster Cereals|first= Steve|last= Sunu|date= August 6, 2014|publisher= Comic Book Resources|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20141022015021/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=54626|archivedate= October 22, 2014|deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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In 2015, Lee drew ''[[The Multiversity]]: Mastermen'', the seventh issue of [[Grant Morrison]]'s ''The Multiversity'' project.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.newsarama.com/23692-vivisecting-multiversity-jim-lee-on-mastermen.html|title= Vivisecting ''Multiversity'': Jim Lee on ''Mastermen''|first= Vaneta|last= Rogers|date= March 3, 2015|publisher= Newsarama|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150908031433/http://www.newsarama.com/23692-vivisecting-multiversity-jim-lee-on-mastermen.html|archivedate= September 8, 2015|deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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November of that year will see the debut of the miniseres ''Batman: Europa'', on which Lee collaborates with writers Brian Azzarello and [[Matteo Casali]] and artist [[Giuseppe Camuncoli]].<ref name=CBR8.12.15>Gerding, Stephanie (August 12, 2015). [http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/batman-europa-dark-knight-ii-the-master-race-arrive-in-november "'Batman: Europa,' 'Dark Knight III: The Master Race' Arrive in November"]. Comic Book Resources.</ref> The book, which was inspired by Lee's time living in Italy,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.newsarama.com/comics/brian-azzarello-batman-europa-110106.html|title= Brian Azzarello Teams Batman & The Joker in ''Europa''|first= Vaneta|last= Rogers|date= January 6, 2011|publisher= [[Newsarama]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131227195427/http://www.newsarama.com/6807-brian-azzarello-teams-batman-the-joker-in-europa.html|archivedate= December 27, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> and was announced by DC in 2004, but not produced. It was then resolicited in 2011, and indicated that Lee would supply painted art over Camuncoli's layouts,<ref name=CBR8.12.15/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2010/10/06/nycc-2010-batman-europa-by-jim-lee-and-brian-azzarello|title= NYCC 2010: ''Batman: Europa'' by Jim Lee and co-writers Brian Azzarello and Matteo Casali|first= Alex|last= Segura|date= October 6, 2010|publisher= DC Comics|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131228152511/http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2010/10/06/nycc-2010-batman-europa-by-jim-lee-and-brian-azzarello|archivedate= December 28, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref> but was again delayed.<ref name=CBR8.12.15/><ref>[[Johnston, Rich]] (March 2013) "The Black Bolt List". ''[[Bleeding Cool]]''. pp. 49–50.</ref> When it was revived again in 2015, it was decided that Lee would provide conventional pencils and inks, rather than painted art.<ref name=CBR8.12.15/> Lee also announced in September 2015 that he and Frank Miller may return to finish ''All-Star Batman and Robin'', saying that Frank Miller had a "great" ending to the storyline, and that a break from drawing Batman, and having resumed work on that character with ''Europa'', Lee was anxious to return to that book.<ref>[http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/jim-lee-says-frank-miller-has-a-really-cool-all-star-batman-robin-finale "Jim Lee Says Frank Miller Has a "Really Cool" "All Star Batman & Robin" Finale"]. Comic Book Resources. September 29, 2015</ref> |
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== Technique and materials== |
== Technique and materials== |
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==Personal life== |
==Personal life== |
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Lee and his wife had three children as of March 1999.<ref name=WildcatsV2#1/> For a time they lived in Italy.<ref>Robertson, James (2006). [http://www.bryan-talbot.com/oldsite/articles/ints-and-cons/italy.html "Bryan's Italian tour!"]. The Official [[Bryan Talbot]] fan page. Retrieved September 29, 2015.</ref> |
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Lee is married to Carla Lee. They reside in Los Angeles with their nine children, three dogs and two cats. |
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== Awards == |
== Awards == |
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===Image=== |
===Image=== |
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*''[[Darker Image]]'' (Deathblow) No. 1–2 (1993) |
*''[[Darker Image]]'' (Deathblow) No. 1–2 (1993) |
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*''[[ |
*''[[Deathblow]]'' (full pencils): No. 1–3; (with Trevor Scott): No. 0 (1993–96) |
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*''[[Deathmate]]'' Black (among other artists) (1993) |
*''[[Deathmate]]'' Black (among other artists) (1993) |
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*''[[Divine Right (comic)|Divine Right]]'' No. 1–12 (1997–99) |
*''[[Divine Right (comic)|Divine Right]]'' No. 1–12 (1997–99) |
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*{{Comicbookdb|type=creator|id=7|title=Jim Lee}} |
*{{Comicbookdb|type=creator|id=7|title=Jim Lee}} |
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*[http://jimlee00.deviantart.com/ Jim Lee] on [[deviantART]] |
*[http://jimlee00.deviantart.com/ Jim Lee] on [[deviantART]] |
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*{{myspace|jimlee00}} |
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*{{twitter|jimlee}} |
*{{twitter|jimlee}} |
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*[http://www. |
*[http://www.dcindexes.com/features/database.php?site=&pagetype=creator&id=100 Jim Lee] at Mike's Amazing World of Comics |
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*[http://www.maelmill-insi.de/UHBMCC/naml11.htm#N31 Jim Lee] at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators |
*[http://www.maelmill-insi.de/UHBMCC/naml11.htm#N31 Jim Lee] at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators |
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*{{youtube|user=jimlee00}} |
*{{youtube|user=jimlee00}} |
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{{end}} |
{{end}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control|VIAF=100304102}} |
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Revision as of 19:18, 29 September 2015
| Jim Lee | |
|---|---|
 Lee at a December 2010 signing for his coffee table art book, Icons: The DC Comics & Wildstorm Art of Jim Lee, at Midtown Comics in Manhattan. | |
| Born | August 11, 1964 Seoul, South Korea |
| Nationality | American |
| Area(s) | Writer, Artist, Publisher |
Notable works | All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder Batman: Hush Superman: For Tomorrow WildC.A.T.s X-Men vol. 2 |
| Awards | Harvey Award, 1990 Inkpot Award, 1992 Wizard Fan Award, 1996, 2002, 2003 |
| Jim Lee | |
| Hangul | 이용철 |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization | I Yong-cheol |
| McCune–Reischauer | Yi Yong-ch'ǒl |
Jim Lee (Korean 이용철; born August 11, 1964) is a Korean American comic book artist, writer, editor, and publisher. He entered the industry in 1987 as an artist for Marvel Comics, illustrating titles such as Alpha Flight and The Punisher War Journal, before gaining popularity on The Uncanny X-Men. X-Men No. 1, the 1991 spinoff series premiere that Lee penciled and co-wrote with Chris Claremont, remains the best-selling comic book of all time, according to Guinness World Records.
In 1992 Lee and several other artists formed their own publishing company, Image Comics, to publish their creator-owned titles, with Lee publishing titles such as WildC.A.T.s and Gen¹³ through his studio Wildstorm Productions. Eschewing the role of publisher in order to return to illustration, Lee sold Wildstorm in 1998 to DC Comics, where he continued to run it as a DC imprint until 2010, as well as illustrating successful titles set in DC's main fictional universe, such as the year-long "Batman: Hush" and "Superman: For Tomorrow" storylines. On February 18, 2010, Jim Lee was announced as the new Co-Publisher of DC Comics with Dan DiDio, both replacing Paul Levitz.
He has received a Harvey Award, Inkpot Award and three Wizard Fan Awards in recognition for his work.
Early life
Lee was born on August 11, 1964 in Seoul, South Korea.[3][4] He grew up in St. Louis, Missouri,[5][6] where he lived a "typical middle-class childhood".[6] Lee attended River Bend Elementary School in Chesterfield and later St. Louis Country Day School, where he drew posters for school plays. Having had to learn English when he first came to the U.S. presented the young Lee with the sense of being an outsider, as did the "preppy, upper-class" atmosphere of Country Day. As a result, on the rare occasions that his parents bought him comics, Lee's favorite characters were the X-Men, because they were outsiders themselves. Lee says that he benefited as an artist by connecting with characters that were themselves disenfranchised, like Spider-Man, or who were born of such backgrounds, such as Superman, who was created by two Jewish men from Cleveland to lift their spirits during the Depression. His classmates predicted in his senior yearbook that he would found his own comic book company.[5][6] Despite this, Lee was resigned to following his father's career in medicine, attending Princeton University to study psychology, with the intention of becoming a medical doctor.[6][7]
Career
Rise to fame at Marvel Comics
In 1986, as he was preparing to graduate, Lee took an art class that reignited his love of drawing, and led to his rediscovery of comics at a time when seminal works such as Frank Miller's The Dark Knight Returns and Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' Watchmen spurred a renaissance within the American comics industry.[6] After obtaining his psychology degree,[7] he decided to postpone applying to medical school, and earned the reluctant blessing of his parents by allotting himself one year to succeed, vowing that he would attend medical school if he did not break into the comic book industry in that time. He submitted samples to various publishers, but did not find success.[6] When Lee befriended St. Louis-area comics artists Don Secrease and Rick Burchett, they convinced him he needed to show his portfolio to editors in person, prompting Lee to attend a New York comics convention,[5] where he met editor Archie Goodwin. Goodwin invited Lee to Marvel Comics, where the aspiring artist received his first assignment by editor Carl Potts, who hired him to pencil the mid-list series Alpha Flight, seguéing from that title in 1989 to Punisher: War Journal.[6][8] Lee's work on the Punisher: War Journal was inspired by artists such as Frank Miller, David Ross, Kevin Nowlan, and Whilce Portacio, as well as Japanese manga.[8]
In 1989, Lee filled in for regular illustrator Marc Silvestri on Uncanny X-Men No. 248 and did another guest stint on issues No. 256 through No. 258 as part of the "Acts of Vengeance" storyline, eventually becoming the series' ongoing artist with issue No. 267, following Silvestri's departure. During his stint on Uncanny Lee first worked with inker Scott Williams, who would become a long-time collaborator. During his run on the title, Lee co-created the character Gambit with long-time X-Men writer Chris Claremont.
Lee's artwork quickly gained popularity in the eyes of enthusiastic fans, which allowed him to gain greater creative control of the franchise. In 1991, Lee helped launch a second X-Men series simply called X-Men volume 2, as both the artist and as co-writer with Claremont.[9] X-Men vol. 2 No. 1 is still the best-selling comic book of all-time with sales of over 8.1 million copies and nearly $7 million, according to a public proclamation by Guinness World Records at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con.[10][11][12][13] The sales figures were generated in part by publishing the issue with five different variant covers, four of which show different characters from the book that formed a single image when laid side by side, and a fifth, gatefold cover of that combined image, large numbers of which were purchased by retailers, who anticipated fans and speculators who would buy multiple copies in order to acquire a complete collection of the covers.[14] Lee designed new character uniforms for the series, including those worn by Cyclops, Jean Grey, Rogue, Psylocke and Storm and created the villain Omega Red. Actor/comedian Taran Killam, who has ventured into comics writing with The Illegitimates, has cited X-Men No. 1 as the book that inspired his interest in comics.[2]
Stan Lee interviewed Jim Lee in the documentary series The Comic Book Greats.
Image Comics and WildStorm, return to Marvel
Enticed by the idea of being able to exert more control over his own work, in 1992, Lee accepted the invitation to join six other artists who broke away from Marvel to form Image Comics, which would publish their creator-owned titles.[7] Lee's group of titles was initially called Aegis Entertainment before being christened Wildstorm Productions, and published Lee's initial title WildC.A.T.s, which Lee pencilled and co-wrote, and other series created by Lee in the same shared universe. The other major series of the initial years of Wildstorm, for which Lee either created characters, co-plotted or provided art for, included Stormwatch, Deathblow and Gen¹³.
In 1993, Lee and his friend, Valiant Comics publisher Steve Massarsky, arranged a Valiant-Image Comics crossover miniseries called Deathmate, in which the Valiant characters would interact with those of Wildstorm, and of Lee's fellow Image partner, Rob Liefeld. The miniseries would consist of four "center books", (each one denoted by a color rather than an issue number), two each produced by the respective companies, plus a prologue and epilogue book. Wildstorm produced Deathmate Black, with Lee himself contributing to the writing. He illustrated the covers for that book, the Deathmate Tourbook and the prologue book, as well as contributing to the prologue's interior inks.
Wildstorm would expand its line to include other ongoing titles whose creative work was handled by other writers and artists, some of which were spinoffs of the earlier titles, or properties owned by other creators, such as Whilce Portacio's Wetworks. As publisher, Lee later expanded his comics line creating two publishing imprints of Wildstorm, Homage and Cliffhanger (that years later merged and were replaced by a single Wildstorm Signature imprint), to publish creator-owned comics by some selected creators of the US comics industry.
Lee and Rob Liefeld, another Marvel-illustrator-turned-Image-founder, returned to Marvel in 1996 to participate in a reboot of several classic characters; the project was known as Heroes Reborn. While Liefeld reworked Captain America and The Avengers, Lee plotted Iron Man[15] and wrote and illustrated Fantastic Four.[16] Halfway through the project, Lee's studio took over Liefeld's two titles, finishing all four series. According to Lee, Marvel proposed continuing the Heroes Reborn lineup indefinitely, but under the condition that Lee would draw at least one of them himself, which he refused to do. Instead, he accepted an offer to re-imagine and relaunch (in the role of editor) three mainstream Marvel Universe titles: Defenders, Doctor Strange, and Nick Fury.[17] Though scheduled to debut in December 1997, these three relaunches never appeared.
Lee returned to Wildstorm, where he would publish series such as The Authority and Planetary, as well as Alan Moore's imprint, America's Best Comics. Lee himself wrote and illustrated a 12-issue series called Divine Right: The Adventures of Max Faraday, in which an internet slacker inadvertently manages to download the secrets of the universe, and is thrown into a wild fantasy world.
Move to DC Comics
Because he felt his role as publisher and his growing family demands interfered with his role as an artist, Lee left Image Comics and sold Wildstorm to DC Comics in late 1998,[18][19] enabling him to focus once again on art.[6][7] In 2003 he collaborated on a 12-issue run on Batman with writer Jeph Loeb.[20] "Hush" became a sales success. He followed this up in 2004 by illustrating "For Tomorrow", a 12-issue story in Superman by writer Brian Azzarello.[21] In 2005, Lee teamed with Frank Miller on the new series All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder,[22] a series plagued by delays. Lee himself took full responsibility for the delays, explaining that his involvement with the DC Universe Online video game were the cause, and not Miller's scripts, which had been completed for some time.[23][24][25]
Lee continued to run Wildstorm as Editorial Director, sometimes working on both DC and Wildstorm properties simultaneously. In September 2006, Jim Lee returned to WildC.A.T.s with Grant Morrison as the writer, pencilling both WildC.A.T.s and All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder, both of which were characterized by publication delays. The gap between All-Star Batman and Robin No. 4 and No. 5 was one year, and to date, only one issue of WildC.A.T.s vol. 4 has been published. Lee drew alternative cover art for the Infinite Crisis series.
In February 2006 it was announced that Lee would be involved with the concept art for the upcoming DC Comics MMORPG, DC Universe Online.[7] In 2008, Lee was named the Executive Creative Director of the forthcoming game, which at that time was expected to be released in 2009.[26]
In 2009 Lee provided artwork for the album booklet for Daughtry's 2009 album Leave This Town.
In February 2010 Lee and Dan DiDio were named Co-Publishers of DC Comics by DC Entertainment President Diane Nelson.[27][28][29] According to Lee, this does not indicate another move away from the creative side of comics, as his Co-Publishing duties grant him greater creative involvement in the entire DC line and allow him to illustrate titles, such as Dark Knight: Boy Wonder, a re-branded conclusion to the story he and Frank Miller began in All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder.[6][30] He was to supply the painted art over Giuseppe Camuncoli's layouts in Batman: Europa #1, a 2011 miniseries[31] inspired by Lee's time living in Italy,[32] though as of June 2011, neither of these projects have materialized. According to a March 2013 article, DC insists that Europa is not cancelled.[33] DC announced they were ending the Wildstorm imprint in September 2010.[34]
In September 2011, DC Comics instituted a program called The New 52, in which the publisher cancelled all of its superhero titles and relaunched 52 new series with No. 1 issues, wiping out most of the then-current continuity. Lee and writer Geoff Johns, DC Comics' Chief Creative Officer, are the architects of the relaunch, which was initiated with a new Justice League series, written and illustrated by Johns and Lee, respectively. The series' first story arc was a new origin of the Justice League, which depicted the return of DC's primary superheroes to the team.[35] Lee's illustration for the cover of issue No. 12 drew media attention for its depiction of Superman and Wonder Woman in a passionate embrace, a rendition that Lee said was inspired by Gustav Klimt's painting The Kiss and Alfred Eisenstaedt's 1945 photograph V-J Day in Times Square.[36][37][38][39]
In October of that year, DC Entertainment and Kia Motors America entered a partnership to benefit We Can Be Heroes, a campaign dedicated to fighting hunger in the Horn of Africa. The campaign involves the creation of eight Justice League-inspired vehicles, on whose designs Lee collaborated. Each vehicle is tied thematically to a member of the Justice League,[40] the first of which was a Batman-themed Kia Optima.[41] A Superman-themed version inspired by Lee's art followed in February 2013.[42]
In 2013, Lee designed a new version of the Mortal Kombat character Scorpion for use in the DC fighting video game Injustice: Gods Among Us.[43]
On May 4, 2013,[44] DC published a Free Comic Book Day sneak preview of Superman Unchained, an ongoing series written by Scott Snyder and illustrated by Lee, which was published on June 12, 2013, and intended to coincide with the feature film Man of Steel, which opened two days later.[45]
In 2014, General Mills enlisted the help of DC Comics to create new designs for its monster-themed cereals in time for Halloween. The designs, revealed on August 6, consisted of a Boo Berry design by Lee, a Count Chocolua design by Terry Dodson and a Franken-Berry design by Dave Johnson. Describing the task of designing a cartoon character, Lee explained, "Drawing simpler characters is a lot more work and harder than drawing something that's more complicated or has a lot of renderings. Every line counts and every distance between the eyes and the ears, it's all super critical."[46]
Technique and materials
Lee is known to use F lead for his pencil work.[47][48] While inking his own pencils on Punisher: War Journal, Lee began using a crowquill nib for the first time.[8]
In talking about the artist's work ethic, Lee has said, "Sometimes I wonder if we ever really improve as artists or if the nirvana derived from completing a piece blinds us enough to love what we have created and move on to the next piece. If we could see the work as it is, with years of reflection in the here and now, how many images would end up in the trash rather than on the racks?"[49]
Criticism
In a 1996 interview with The Comics Journal, writer/illustrator Barry Windsor-Smith criticized the depth of the work of artists like Lee and Rob Liefeld, and those whom they influenced, (whom he referred to as "the Liefelds and the Lees"), stating, "Your Jim Lees and all this lot, their product hasn't got anything to do with them, you know? There is no emotional investment...I look at Jim Lee's work, and the guy's learning how to draw. He has some craft to what he does...I don't think it has even crossed their minds that comic books can be a medium for intimate self-expression." The Comics Journal publisher Gary Groth concurred, stating "Lee's work is obviously more technically accomplished than Liefeld's, but otherwise it's conceptually comparable." Windsor-Smith added that he believed in the Image Comics' founders' exodus from Marvel Comics as an important step for creator autonomy and creator rights, and was angered when they returned to Marvel to do "Heroes Reborn".[50]
Personal life
Lee and his wife had three children as of March 1999.[18] For a time they lived in Italy.[51]
Awards
- 1990 Harvey Award for Best New Talent[52]
- 1992 Inkpot Award[53]
- 1996 Wizard Fan Award for Favorite Penciller[54]
- 2002 Wizard Fan Award for Favorite Penciller for Batman[55]
- 2003 Wizard Fan Award for Favorite Penciller[56]
Bibliography
DC
- 9-11: The World's Finest Comic Book Writers & Artists Tell Stories to Remember, Volume Two
- Action Comics No. 800 (among other artists) (2003)
- All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder No. 1–10 (2005–08)
- Batman No. 608–619 (2002–03)
- Batman: Gotham Knights (Batman Black and White) No. 1 (2000)
- Coup d'état: Sleeper (The Authority) (2004)
- Flinch No. 1 (1999)
- Harley Quinn vol. 2 #0 (among other artists) (2014)
- Justice League, vol. 2, No. 1–6, 9–12 (among other artists) (2011–12)
- Justice League of America, vol. 2, No. 0 (one page only) (2006)
- Just Imagine Stan Lee with Jim Lee creating Wonder Woman (2001)
- The Multiversity: Mastermen No. 1 (2015)
- The New 52 (Free Comic Book Day) No. 1 (among other artists, 2012)
- 100 Bullets No. 26 (among other artists) (2001)
- Orion (Tales of the New Gods) No. 12 (2001)
- Robotech No. 0 (2002)
- Superman, vol. 2, No. 204–215 (2004–05)
- Superman Unchained No. 1–9 (2013-14)
- Superman/Batman No. 26 (two pages, among other artists) (2006)
- Weird War Tales, one-shot (2000)
Image
- Darker Image (Deathblow) No. 1–2 (1993)
- Deathblow (full pencils): No. 1–3; (with Trevor Scott): No. 0 (1993–96)
- Deathmate Black (among other artists) (1993)
- Divine Right No. 1–12 (1997–99)
- Gen¹³ No. 0, 4–7 (1994)
- Grifter/Shi, 2-part miniseries, No. 1 (with Travis Charest) (1996)
- Invincible No. 51 (cover)
- Moonlight and Ashes: Fire From Heaven, 2-part miniseries, No. 2 (1996)
- Savage Dragon No. 13 (1994)
- StormWatch No. 47 (1997)
- WildC.A.T.s (full pencils): No. 1–13; (among other artists): No. 32, 50 (1992–98)
Marvel
- Alpha Flight No. 51, 53, 55–62, 64 (1987–88)
- Classic X-Men No. 39 (new backup story) (1989)
- Critical Mass No. 4 (among other artists) (1990)
- Daredevil Annual No. 5 (1989)
- Fantastic Four, vol. 2, No. 1–6 (1996–97)
- Iron Man, vol. 2, No. 6 (among other artists) (1997)
- Justice No. 30 (1989)
- Marvel Comics Presents (Namor) No. 33 (1989)
- Punisher Annual No. 2 (1989)
- The Punisher War Journal No. 1–12, 17–19 (1988–90)
- Solo Avengers (Mockingbird) No. 1 (1987)
- Spider-Man No. 10 (co-inker) (1991)
- St. George No. 8 (1989)
- Stryfe's Strike File No. 1 (among other artists) (1993)
- Uncanny X-Men No. 248, 256–258, 267–277 (1990–91)
- What The--?! No. 5 (1989)
- X-Men, vol. 2, No. 1–11 (1991–92)
Marvel/Image
- WildC.A.T.s/X-Men: The Silver Age (1997)
References
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{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Dietsch, T.J. (October 17, 2013). "NYCC: Saturday Night Live's Taran Killam Debriefs The Illegitimates". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on October 18, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) Archive requires scrolldown - ^ Miller, John Jackson (June 10, 2005). "Comics Industry Birthdays". Comics Buyer's Guide. Archived from the original on October 29, 2010.
- ^ "About This Person: Jim Lee". IGN. Archived from the original on January 20, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; January 19, 2014 suggested (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Kerman, Byron (July 2010). "Comic Genius". St. Louis Magazine. Archived from the original on August 7, 2011.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i Lee, Jim; Baker, Bill (2010). Icons: The DC Comics & Wildstorm Art of Jim Lee. Titan Books. pp. 8 and 10. ISBN 978-1845765194.
- ^ a b c d e Tantimedh, Adi (February 25, 2006). "New York Comic Con, Day One: Jim Lee Spotlight". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Gaffney, Suzanne. "Co-Conspirators Talk". The Punisher War Journal. Marvel Comics. December 1988.
- ^ Manning, Matthew K.; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2008). "1990s". Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. Dorling Kindersley. p. 255. ISBN 978-0756641238.
It was a matter of simple addition. Take Chris Claremont, the writer who had made The Uncanny X-Men the continual hit that it was, and add Jim Lee, the artist who had reinvigorated the title's popularity in recent months...The sum of all these parts was X-Men #1, the best selling comic book in the history of the medium, selling well over eight million copies.
{{cite book}}:|first2=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Morse, Ben (August 10, 2010). "SDCC 2010: Marvel Breaks World Record". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Johnston, Rich (July 22, 2010). "X-Men #1 The Guinness World Record Best Selling Comic Of All Time?". Bleeding Cool. Archived from the original on October 16, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Cantor, Michael (Producer); Schreiber, Liev (Narrator) Superheroes: A Never-Ending Battle. PBS. October 15, 2013.
- ^ Glenday, Craig, ed. (2013). Guinness World Records 2013. Jim Pattison Group. p. 212. ISBN 978-1904994879.
{{cite book}}:|first=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Miller, John Jackson (November 16, 2010). "X-Men #1, One Piece, and world records". The Comics Chronicles. Archived from the original on November 19, 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Manning "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 280: "Part of the 'Heroes Reborn' event, Iron Man was relaunched into a new universe courtesy of writers Scott Lobdell and Jim Lee, with pencils by Whilce Portacio."
- ^ Manning "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 280: "Jim Lee both wrote and drew this Heroes Reborn relaunch title with the help of fellow scripter Brandon Choi."
- ^ McLauchlin, Jim (August 1997). "Lee Extends 'Reborn' Run". Wizard. No. 72. pp. 18–19.
- ^ a b Lee, Jim (March 1999). "Welcome and Happy New Year!". Wildcats (vol 2) #1 Wildstorm Productions, p. 27.
- ^ Manning, Matthew K.; Dolan, Hannah, ed. (2010). "1990s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9.
In a landmark deal, DC purchased Jim Lee's Wildstorm imprint, gaining another super hero universe.
{{cite book}}:|first2=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Cowsill, Alan "2000s" in Dolan, p. 307: "The 'Hush' story arc [begun] in Batman #608 was artist Jim Lee's first major work since he joined DC...Written by Jeph Loeb, 'Hush' brought profound changes to the life of the Dark Knight."
- ^ "Jim Lee". Lambiek Comiclopedia. July 13, 2012. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Cowsill "2000s" in Dolan, p. 321: "Writer Frank Miller and artist Jim Lee got things started in the first release for the new imprint - All Star Batman & Robin, the Boy Wonder."
- ^ Barringer, John (August 1, 2009). "All Star Batman and Robin Update: Jim Lee Interview". A Comic Book Blog. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ MOntgomery, Paul (April 2, 2010). "All-Star Batman and Robin to Conclude Next Year…Sort of". iFanboy. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Frankenhoff, Brent (June 6, 2006). "All-Star Batman and Robin #5 delays end". Comics Buyer's Guide. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ LeTendre, Brian (July 15, 2008). "E3 2008: Jim Lee talks DC Universe Online". Archived from the original on November 15, 2008. Retrieved May 19, 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Cowsill "2000s" in Dolan, p. 340: "Publisher Paul Levitz stepped down, and co-publishers Dan DiDio and Jim Lee, along with DC Entertainment chief creative officer Geoff Johns, teamed up to helm DC Comics."
- ^ Hyde, David (February 18, 2010). "Jim Lee and Dan DiDio Named Co-Publishers DC Comics. Geoff Johns to Serve as Chief Creative Officer. John Rood Named EVP, Sales, Marketing and Business Development. Patrick Caldon Named EVP, Finance and Administration". DC Comics. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010.
The new senior executive team includes Jim Lee and Dan DiDio, who have been named Co-Publishers of DC Comics, and Geoff Johns, who will serve as Chief Creative Officer of DC Entertainment.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Johnston, Rich (February 18, 2010). "DC Announces New Publisher – All Five Of Them!". Bleeding Cool. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Segura, Alex (April 2, 2010). "What's Next for Frank Miller and Jim Lee?". DC Comics. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Segura, Alex (October 6, 2010). "NYCC 2010: Batman: Europa by Jim Lee and co-writers Brian Azzarello and Matteo Casali". DC Comics. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Rogers, Vaneta (January 6, 2011). "Brian Azzarello Teams Batman & The Joker in Europa". Newsarama. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Johnston, Rich (March 2013) "The Black Bolt List". Bleeding Cool. pp. 49–50.
- ^ Ching, Albert (September 21, 2010). "DC Co-Publishers Announce End of Widstorm Imprint, Zuda". Newsarama. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Truitt, Brian (May 3, 2011). "DC Comics ready for a risky yet relevant publishing change". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 10, 2014.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Jensen, Jeff (August 22, 2012). "Justice League #12: DC reveals Superman's new leading lady... and it's a doozy -- Exclusive". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Langshaw, Mark (August 22, 2012). "Justice League to feature new Superman romance". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Khouri, Andy (August 22, 2012). "Superman + Wonder Woman = <3 In Justice League #12 (Kissy Kissy)". ComicsAlliance. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; December 28, 2013 suggested (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Montgomery, Paul (August 22, 2012). "Superman & Wonder Woman Sitting in a Tree, K-I-S-S-I-N-G in Justice League #12 and Beyond". iFanboy. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Nicholson, Max (October 3, 2012). "DC and Kia Team Up for JLA Car Fleet". IGN. Archived from the original on October 28, 2012.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; October 7, 2012 suggested (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Nicholson, Mac (October 11, 2012). "The Batman Kia Optima Comes in Black". IGN. Archived from the original on August 18, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Superman-Inspired Kia Optima Soars Into Chicago For Auto Show Debut". Kia Motors. February 7, 2013.
{{cite web}}:|archive-url=is malformed: save command (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Yin-Poole, Wesley (June 3, 2013). "Mortal Kombat's Scorpion is the next DLC character in Injustice: Gods Among Us". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Armitage, Hugh (January 20, 2013). "DC Comics unveils Superman offering for Free Comic Book Day 2013". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on July 5, 2013.
Scott Snyder and Jim Lee's forthcoming Superman monthly title will be previewed in the issue.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Esposito, Joey (March 4, 2013). "Scott Snyder and Jim Lee's Superman Unchained Confirmed for June". IGN. Archived from the original on August 8, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Sunu, Steve (August 6, 2014). "Jim Lee, Dave Johnson, Terry & Rachel Dodson Redesign General Mills' Monster Cereals". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Campbell, J. Scott (2008). "Pencils". deviantArt. Archived from the original on October 16, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Reinventing the pencil: 21 artists who changed mainstream comics (for better or worse)". The A.V. Club. July 20, 2009. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2009.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|work=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Lee, Jim (January 27, 2005). "X-Men ReduX". Gelatometti.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on July 28, 2005.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Groth, Gary (September 1996). "The Barry Windsor-Smith Interview". The Comics Journal (190). Fantagraphics Books. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2013.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Robertson, James (2006). "Bryan's Italian tour!". The Official Bryan Talbot fan page. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
- ^ "1990 Harvey Award Nominees and Winners". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Inkpot Award Winners". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "4th Annual Wizard Fan Awards". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "10th Annual Wizard Fan Awards". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "11th Annual Wizard Fan Awards". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
External links
- Jim Lee at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original)
- Jim Lee on deviantART
- Template:Myspace
- Jim Lee on X
- Jim Lee at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
- Jim Lee at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
- Jim Lee's channel on YouTube
- Sun of Gelatometti – A blog of multiple artists, including Jim Lee
- Audio Interview – Comic Geek Speak – April 27, 2007
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