Hedvig Malina is an ethnic Hungarian student^[1][2] from Horné Mýto (Hungarian: Vámosfalu), Slovakia, who was physically assaulted, allegedly in a hate crime incident. Her case represents a highly controversial and debated issue of Hungarian-Slovak relations^[1].

Claim of violence

Malina claims she was severely beaten and robbed on 25 August 2006 in Nitra after publically speaking in Hungarian on her cell phone.^[3][4] She claims her attackers wrote "SK (probably Slovakia) without parasites!" (Slovak: SK bez parazitov), and "Hungarians to the other side of the Danube!"(Maďari za Dunai) on her clothes.

The Slovak National Party, led by Ján Slota, known for his anti-Hungarian statements began to speak about the incident.^[5]

Police investigation

Ján Packa, the head of Slovakian police set up a special squad and started an investigation immediately.^[6]

Some two weeks after the incident, police closed the case, concluding that she made up the whole thing.^[1] Robert Kaliňák, Slovakian deputy prime minister and minister of the interior, declared that none of Malina's claims could be confirmed. Her mobile network operator did not record any call on the day in question. Malina claimed she had been robbed, and her identity papers were later sent to her address. A police examination, with the help of DNA analysis, proved that the parcel had been posted by Malina herself. She gave the parcel to the police only two days after receiving it because of a national holiday. She applied the stamp too, because the police asked for this^[7]. It was later pointed out that at the time of posting the pack she was in hospital^[8]. In the hospital, Maline was treated for internal bleeding, which police authorities ascertain occurred before the claimed attack. Graphology specialists assumed that the offensive writings on her clothes were most probably written by herself.^{[citation needed]} However, the specialist did not ask Malina for a sample, but instead used an application for a passport from eight years before may not have been written by her.^[7][6] Kaliňák also stated, contrary to immediate examinations, she did not have concussion or bruises, and the blood most probably came from her epistaxis; she claims she has nosebleeds when under stress.^{[citation needed]}

In a July 2007 interview with the Slovak Weekly .týžden, Malinová said that Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico and Kaliňák initially believed what the police concluded, but later only kept repeating those statements due to outside pressure.^[9]. She also said that she felt calm and had finished her fourth year at university with an excellent result.^[10]

Malina married her Slovak boyfriend Peter Žák in February 2008 after years of being together.^[11]. As of February 2008, she is in her fourth month of pregnancy^[12].

Controversy over the investigation

Béla Bugár, then leader of the Party of the Hungarian Coalition (SMK-MKP) questioned the results of the investigation, calling attention to the fact that medical examination initiated by the police did not take place until 10 days after the case, allowing time for bruises to disappear.^[13]

On 13 September 2006, Malina announced that she was maintaining her initial claims, saying she was willing to take a polygraph test, and that she and her lawyer, Gábor Gál were considering reporting the case to public prosecutors because the victim had been interrogated for six hours during which officers tried to persuade her to withdraw her claims^[14].

Packa said the attitude of Malina and her lawyer was "the despising of the work of Slovak police", and Kaliňák claimed that Gál was trying to make it into a political issue.

Hungarian politician Viktor Polgár said that the incident was not an isolated case^[7]. (See 2006 Slovak-Hungarian diplomatic affairs)

The following day, Gál stepped down due to pressure and the whole SMK-MKP for being involved in the case^[15], and gave over the case to a Slovak attorney, Roman Kvasnica. Kvasnica laid a complaint with the Nitra prosecution, which was refused on October 18 2006. In the meantime, state-owned Slovak television channel STV broadcasted a documentary directed by Eugen Korda, which claimed Kaliňák did not always tell the truth in connection with the case.^{[citation needed]} The director was soon after dismissed from the television channel,^[16] reportedly for unprofessional behavior.^[17] The documentary reported mistakes made by the police and the Ministry of Interior but - according to a blog - was also biased and contained serious flaws.^[18]

Charges against Malina

In November 2006 Juraj Kubla reported Malina to the authorities, accusing her of perjury.^[19] At the end of November the police initiated criminal prosecution against Malina, who, in turn, brought the case to the Constitutional Court. In May 2007, Kubla committed suicide.^[20] Kubla left behind a suicide note, but the police did not published it.^[21]

The Hungarian political party Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union called Malina's case a show trial. Zsolt Németh noted that the media was informed about the act of accusing before the lawyer of the victim, and the accusation had been announced before it actually took place. Robert Fico called the trial "the coarse intervention of Budapest into Slovakian home matters".^[22]

On 26 May 2007 it was revealed that another person besides Kubla reported Malina to the authorities. He was later identified as Peter Korček, a former secret agent and currently a member of the Christian Democratic Movement, a Slovak political party.^[23]

In June, Zdeno Kamenický from Nitra claimed he knew one of the attackers, Robert Benci^[24] from Nitra. Kamenický, due to uncertain reasons, was officially never interrogated by the police, who instead claimed that Benci had a "bullet proof alibi."^[25] This alibi later turned out to be two contradicting statements from his mother and uncle, who said that Robert at the time was either at home sleeping or at a holiday place with his friends^[26]. Also in June, Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány said that nobody has the right to doubt the independence of justice in another country.^[27]

The next month Packa, the head of the police, contrary to his claims he made one year before, said that "Malina might have been beaten."^[28] He explained, "we never claimed she was not beaten. We claimed it did not happen the way she states." It was also revealed that medical certificates made right after the incident but disregarded by the police did prove Malina's recounting. Dušan Čaplovič, deputy prime minister also accepted that "she may have been beaten, but not because she is Hungarian"^[28].

Examinations following the above statements suggested that Malina's handwritten testimony had not been copied accurately in typing, notably, an important sentence had been left out^[29] though this was not confirmed by Slovak police. The Chief Prosecutor's Office started an investigation to find out if it was necessary to look into the case again. As a result, Chief Public Prosecutor Dobroslav Trnka admitted that both the police and prosecution had made mistakes without specifying them^[30].

In August 2007, a former high-ranking police officer, Jozef Šátek, filed a complaint against Fico, Kaliňák and Packa, claiming that they had abused their power in connection with the Malina case. The complaint was dropped in September when the police concluded there was no reason to prosecute them.^[31]

In September 2007, Chief Prosecutor Trnka decided to replace police investigators working on the case of Malina's alleged perjury^[32] and start the investigation again.

In October 2007, Tom Lantos, Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives, asked Prime Minister Fico to distance themselves from the Benes decrees^[33], for a reasonable process in the Malina case, and to treat members of the Hungarian minority as equals.^[34][35] Lantos also blamed Fico for creating the climate for anti-Hungarian sentiments by including "voluntarily in his coalition individuals with known ultra-nationalist, anti-Hungarian attitudes".^[36] Lantos said that Fico personally assured him that the Slovakian government had a "zero-tolerance" policy toward all kinds of discrimination.^[36] Lantos said he was considering introducing a congressional resolution condemning the ethnic attacks,^[36] saying, "The blame rests 100 percent with the Slovak side. This is not one of those instances where both sides are guilty."^[36]

In December 2007, (15 months after the beating) the Slovak police gave the video cassettes about the initial Malina hearing to Roman Kvasnica, her lawyer. It turned out the police had broken the law several times. They forgot to mention three police officers were also in the room throughout the hearing.^[37] The investigators stopped the recording at times. The hearing lasted for six hours, but the police recorded only five hours of it, and released only three hours of that recording^[38]. Despite the police's early claims not one, but two cameras were used for the recording^[39]. Malina is still accused of misleading the authorities for which she may be sentenced to five years in prison.

Malina then took her case to the European Court of Human Rights, challenging what she calls the "inhuman and humiliating" conduct of the Slovak officials.^[4] She reportedly told the Népszabadság that she was looking for "moral satisfaction."^[4]

Conspiracy theories

Malina got into the centre of several conspiracy theories, which relate the case to the Slovak authorities or nationalists^[8][40]. Radio Slovakia International commented: "The victim has become the guilty party, and the question now is whether or not she will be prosecuted herself. She's been a pawn in a political game from the very beginning." ... "Thanks to the overtime put in by Béla Bugár and his ethnic-Hungarian SMK party, Malinova appears to be the victim of 'Slovak extremism', and not of a 'Hungarian game.' At this stage, we can only forgive Hedviga, but not forget those who were standing behind her the whole time"^[40].

References

External links

• The victim about the case in an exclusive interview with the Hungarian state television Template:Hu icon