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The '''Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972''' ({{USPL|92|261}}) is a United States federal law which amended Title VII of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] (the "1964 Act") to address [[employment discrimination]] against [[African Americans]] and other minorities. Specifically, it empowered the [[Equal Employment Opportunity Commission]] to take enforcement action against individuals, employers, and labor unions which violated the employment provisions of the 1964 Act, and expanded the jurisdiction of the commission as well.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2637&context=lawreview|first=Richard R.|last=Rivers|title=In America, What You Do Is What You Are: The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972|journal=Catholic University Law Review|volume=22|issue=2|date=1973|page=455|access-date=2020-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/gwlr40&div=45&id=&page=|first=George P.|last=Sape|first2=Thomas J.|last2=Hart|title=Title VII Reconsidered: The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972|journal=Geo. Wash. L. Rev.|volume=40|issue=5|page=824|date=July 1972|access-date=2020-05-05}}</ref> |
The '''Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972''' ({{USPL|92|261}}) is a United States federal law which amended Title VII of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] (the "1964 Act") to address [[employment discrimination]] against [[African Americans]] and other minorities. Specifically, it empowered the [[Equal Employment Opportunity Commission]] to take enforcement action against individuals, employers, and labor unions which violated the employment provisions of the 1964 Act, and expanded the jurisdiction of the commission as well.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2637&context=lawreview|first=Richard R.|last=Rivers|title=In America, What You Do Is What You Are: The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972|journal=Catholic University Law Review|volume=22|issue=2|date=1973|page=455|access-date=2020-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/gwlr40&div=45&id=&page=|first=George P.|last=Sape|first2=Thomas J.|last2=Hart|title=Title VII Reconsidered: The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972|journal=Geo. Wash. L. Rev.|volume=40|issue=5|page=824|date=July 1972|access-date=2020-05-05}}</ref> The employment provisions of the 1964 Act only applied to firms with 25 or more employees; the 1972 Act extended that to firms with 15 or more employees. A 1998 study based on [[Current Population Survey]] data found that there were "large shifts in the employment and pay practices of the industries most affected" by the 1972 Act, and concluded that it had "a positive impact" on African Americans' labor market status.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Kenneth Y.|last=Chay|title=The Impact of Federal Civil Rights Policy on Black Economic Progress: Evidence from the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972|journal=ILR Review|volume=51|issue=4|date=July 1998|page=608|jstor=2525011}}</ref> With regards to government employment, a 1978 study found that the act had little impact on employment of African Americans in the higher levels of the federal government.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Winfield H.|last=Rose|first2=Tiang Ping|last2=Chia|title=The Impact of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 on Black Employment in the Federal Service: A Preliminary Analysis|journal=Public Administration Review|volume=38|issue=3|date=May 1978|page=245|jstor=975677}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 07:44, 5 May 2020
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| Long title | An Act To further promote equal employment opportunities for American workers |
|---|---|
| Enacted by | the 92nd United States Congress |
| Legislative history | |
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The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 (Pub. L. 92–261) is a United States federal law which amended Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (the "1964 Act") to address employment discrimination against African Americans and other minorities. Specifically, it empowered the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to take enforcement action against individuals, employers, and labor unions which violated the employment provisions of the 1964 Act, and expanded the jurisdiction of the commission as well.[1][2] The employment provisions of the 1964 Act only applied to firms with 25 or more employees; the 1972 Act extended that to firms with 15 or more employees. A 1998 study based on Current Population Survey data found that there were "large shifts in the employment and pay practices of the industries most affected" by the 1972 Act, and concluded that it had "a positive impact" on African Americans' labor market status.[3] With regards to government employment, a 1978 study found that the act had little impact on employment of African Americans in the higher levels of the federal government.[4]
References
- ^ Rivers, Richard R. (1973). "In America, What You Do Is What You Are: The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972". Catholic University Law Review. 22 (2): 455. Retrieved 2020-05-05.
- ^ Sape, George P.; Hart, Thomas J. (July 1972). "Title VII Reconsidered: The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972". Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 40 (5): 824. Retrieved 2020-05-05.
- ^ Chay, Kenneth Y. (July 1998). "The Impact of Federal Civil Rights Policy on Black Economic Progress: Evidence from the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972". ILR Review. 51 (4): 608. JSTOR 2525011.
- ^ Rose, Winfield H.; Chia, Tiang Ping (May 1978). "The Impact of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 on Black Employment in the Federal Service: A Preliminary Analysis". Public Administration Review. 38 (3): 245. JSTOR 975677.