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'''Brownsville''' is a neighborhood in central [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]], predominantly Caribbean, [[Hispanic]], and [[African-American]]. In 2000, Brownsville's 73rd precinct recorded the highest incidence of murders compared to all other precincts in New York City.

North of Brownsville starts from East New York Avenue (on the [[Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn|Bedford-Stuyvesant]] border), the west is bordered on East 98th Street ([[East Flatbush, Brooklyn|East Flatbush]]) and south at the [[Long Island Rail Road]].<ref>http://www.longislandexchange.com/brooklynqueens/brownsville.html</ref>

The zip code for the neighborhood is 11212. The area should not be confused with [[Ocean Hill, Brooklyn|Ocean Hill]], a semi subsection of Brownsville.

==History==
Brownsville was politically radical from the [[1880s]] to the [[1950s]], it elected [[Socialist]] and [[American Labor Party]] candidates to the state assembly throughout the [[1920s]] and [[1930s]]. <ref>Brownsville, Brooklyn : Blacks, Jews, and the changing face of the ghetto'' by Wendell E Pritchett. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 2002. ISBN: 0226684466</ref>

As early as the [[1910s]], the area had acquired a reputation as a vicious slum and breeding ground for crime. It has been known throughout the years for its criminal gangs and in the 1930s and [[1940s]] achieved notoriety as the birthplace of [[Murder, Inc.]]

By the [[1960s]], when its population had become largely [[African-American]] and Puerto Rican, Brownsville's unemployment rate was 17 percent. Half of all families in the district lived on less than $5,000 a year. As [[Jimmy Breslin]] wrote in [[1968]], that Brownsville reminded him of "Berlin after the war; block after block of burned-out shells of houses, streets littered with decaying automobile hulks. The stores on the avenues are empty and the streets are lined with deserted apartment houses or buildings that have empty apartments on every floor." {{fact|date=May 2007}}

In 1968 Brownsville was the theater for a protracted and highly contentious teacher strike. <ref>''Confrontation at Ocean Hill-Brownsville; the New York school strikes of 1968'' by Maurice R Berube & Marilyn Gittell. New York, Praeger [1969] OCLC: 19279 </ref>The [[Board of Education]] had experimented with giving the people of the neighborhood control over the school. The new [[academic administration|administration]] laid off several teachers in violation of union contract rules. The teachers were all white, and mostly Jewish and the resulting strike served to badly divide the whole city. The resulting strike dragged off and on for half a year, becoming known as one of the "Ten Plagues" of [[John Lindsay]]. {{fact|date=May 2007}}

==Today==
By 2000, conditions in Brownsville had improved since the 1960s though there were still weedy lots and abandoned buildings. The neighborhood has seen plenty of housing development of recent times. The first developments were built by various non-profit groups, but now for-profit traditional developers are becoming active. Some of the vacant sites have been turned into attractive community gardens.
Gang violence is common, and there was a certain level of organized crime in the area, most notably a group called "Murder, Inc." This group was most prominent in the 1920s and 1930s. W
Brownsville is the only Brooklyn school district without a high school. Indeed, the site proposed decades ago for a public high school now houses a juvenile jail, built over long and loud protest by the community. The youth jail and the shiny precinct across from it are about the only new buildings to go up in Brownsville in at least 20 years, as factories and businesses in the area have closed.

The Folk Nation gangs active in Brownsville operated out of the Riverdale Towers and Marcus Garvey Village housing facilities. The gang members were notoriously violent and murdered, shot at, stabbed and robbed members of several rival groups in the area, including the Bloods gang, the "Anybody Gets It," or ABG gang, and a group of Guyanese crack cocaine and marijuana dealers known as the "Dreads."

Brownsville is burdened with one of New York City's highest crime rates as well as the largest concentration of public housing in the country. Still, crime remains a sobering fact. In 2005, there were 125 murders, and 597 robberies and 562 felony assaults were reported.

In Brownsville, the [[Brookdale Hospital Center]] receives the most gunshot victims to its ER in the USA.{{Fact|date=November 2007}} In 2003, the [[United States Army]] established a training program at the hospital called the Academy of Advanced Combat Medicine to train reserve medics in an emergency room that has received 600 cases per year of gunshot and stabbing victims.<ref>Bleyer, Jennifer. [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/06/nyregion/06medics.html "Battlefield Medics Shaped in Civilian Setting"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[December 6]], [[2005]]. "The program, called the Academy of Advanced Combat Medicine, started at Kings County two years ago when officers from the 5,300-person Eighth Medical Brigade, based at Fort Wadsworth on Staten Island, decided to train their reservists in a civilian emergency room.... The hospital's highly regarded, extremely busy emergency room admits 1,200 major trauma patients each year, among the most in the city."</ref> Their numbers for shootings victims are a lot higher than the NYPD, and they have been noticing a rise over the last few years.

Gang violence in the area includes the attempted murder of New York City Police Department officers on New Year's Eve 2002, a gang-related murder attempt which wounded an off-duty police officer caught in the cross-fire, and a gang-related murder attempt in which an innocent 13-year old was shot in the head. The charges are the latest phase in an on-going initiative by the FBI and NYPD, begun in 2002, to combat street gang and drug-related violence in the 73rd Precinct, covering the Brownsville section of Brooklyn.

Community District 16, which includes Brownsville, is third in Brooklyn and fourth citywide in infant mortality, with 10.7 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. The individual neighborhood of Brownsville, according to DOHMH, had “The highest infant mortality rate in the city” (12.2 deaths per 1,000 live births) in 2004

The fourth and final prong complements the first three by establishing a partnership with the New York State Division of Parole to improve the supervision of parolees who live in public housing.Parole officers will be dedicated to supervising parolees who reside in these developments and will use offices that are actually located in public housing buildings. Having a presence in the developments will provide greater opportunities for interaction between parole officers and the family members of parolees, as well as community residents. Closer proximity will also enhance the ability of Parole, NYPD, and NYCHA to work collaboratively. Tapscott, Tilden, Brownsville, Seth Low, Van Dyke I and II, Howard, and Langston Hughes developments.

==Transportation==
Brownsville is accessible from the [[Interborough Rapid Transit|IRT]]. Its main thoroughfare is Pitkin Avenue. The [[3 (New York City Subway service)|3]], [[4 (New York City Subway service)|4]], [[A (New York City Subway service)|A]], and [[C (New York City Subway service)|C]] trains are accessible to Brownsville residents.

==Notable Residents==
*[[Agallah]]
*[[AZ (rapper)|AZ]]
*[[Riddick Bowe]]
*[[Shannon Briggs]]
*[[Louis Buchalter|"Lepke" Buchalter]]
*[[Aaron Copland]]
*[[World B. Free|Lloyd (World B.) Free]] ([[Philadelphia 76ers]] guard)
*[[Nelson George]] (world renowned author of The Death of Rhythm & Blues, and Where Did Our Love Go, as well as an award-winning reporter for the Rolling Stone Magazine, and the Village Voice.
*[[John Gotti]]
*[[GZA]] of the [[Wu-Tang Clan]]
*[[Danny Kaye]]
*[[Alfred Kazin]] (1915-1998), writer and literary critic.<ref>Salamon, Julie. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401E6D7133BF935A35751C0A9629C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=3 "Toil, Tears and Sweat in Brooklyn"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[February 6]], [[2004]]. Accessed [[November 19]], [[2007]]. "The words of a native son, Alfred Kazin, spoken by an actor evoking the writer's Brownsville childhood in the 1920's, resonate today."</ref>
*[[George Gershwin]]
*[[Zab Judah]]
*[[Mash Out Posse|M.O.P.]]
*[[Masta Ace]]
*[[Stephanie Mills]], rhythm & Blues Songstress) and Actress in the Original version of ''[[The Wiz]]''
*[[Bruce Pasternack]]
*[[Willie Randolph]]
*[[Abe Reles|Abe "Kid Twist" Reles]]
*[[RZA]] of the [[Wu-Tang Clan]]
*[[Terry Semel]]
*[[Heltah Skeltah]]
*[[Bern Nadette Stanis]], played the role of "Thelma" in ''[[Good Times]]'' sit-com
*[[Harry Strauss|Harry "Pittsburgh Phil" Strauss]]
*[[Mike Tyson]]
*[[U-God]] of the [[Wu-Tang Clan]]
*[[Dwayne Washington|Dwayne "Pearl" Washington]] (1964-), former professional basketball player.<ref>Vecsey, George. [http://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F70D13FE395D0C7A8CDDAA0894DC484D81 "SPORTS OF THE TIMES; The Pearl Fits In At Syracuse"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[March 9]], [[1984]]. Accessed [[December 5]], [[2007]]. "This part of the legend does survive: Washington admits that when he was 8 years old at the Howard Housing Project in Brownsville, his elders asked him: ''Who do you think you are, the Pearl?''"</ref>
*[[James Williams|James "Fly" Williams]]
*[[Otis Wilson]], Chicago Bears Linebacker

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Neighborhoods in Brooklyn]]
[[Category:United States communities with African American majority populations]]

{{Brooklyn}}

Revision as of 22:36, 14 December 2007

Brownsville is a neighborhood in central Brooklyn, New York, predominantly Caribbean, Hispanic, and African-American. In 2000, Brownsville's 73rd precinct recorded the highest incidence of murders compared to all other precincts in New York City.

North of Brownsville starts from East New York Avenue (on the Bedford-Stuyvesant border), the west is bordered on East 98th Street (East Flatbush) and south at the Long Island Rail Road.[1]

The zip code for the neighborhood is 11212. The area should not be confused with Ocean Hill, a semi subsection of Brownsville.

History

Brownsville was politically radical from the 1880s to the 1950s, it elected Socialist and American Labor Party candidates to the state assembly throughout the 1920s and 1930s. [2]

As early as the 1910s, the area had acquired a reputation as a vicious slum and breeding ground for crime. It has been known throughout the years for its criminal gangs and in the 1930s and 1940s achieved notoriety as the birthplace of Murder, Inc.

By the 1960s, when its population had become largely African-American and Puerto Rican, Brownsville's unemployment rate was 17 percent. Half of all families in the district lived on less than $5,000 a year. As Jimmy Breslin wrote in 1968, that Brownsville reminded him of "Berlin after the war; block after block of burned-out shells of houses, streets littered with decaying automobile hulks. The stores on the avenues are empty and the streets are lined with deserted apartment houses or buildings that have empty apartments on every floor." [citation needed]

In 1968 Brownsville was the theater for a protracted and highly contentious teacher strike. [3]The Board of Education had experimented with giving the people of the neighborhood control over the school. The new administration laid off several teachers in violation of union contract rules. The teachers were all white, and mostly Jewish and the resulting strike served to badly divide the whole city. The resulting strike dragged off and on for half a year, becoming known as one of the "Ten Plagues" of John Lindsay. [citation needed]

Today

By 2000, conditions in Brownsville had improved since the 1960s though there were still weedy lots and abandoned buildings. The neighborhood has seen plenty of housing development of recent times. The first developments were built by various non-profit groups, but now for-profit traditional developers are becoming active. Some of the vacant sites have been turned into attractive community gardens.

Gang violence is common, and there was a certain level of organized crime in the area, most notably a group called "Murder, Inc." This group was most prominent in the 1920s and 1930s. W Brownsville is the only Brooklyn school district without a high school. Indeed, the site proposed decades ago for a public high school now houses a juvenile jail, built over long and loud protest by the community. The youth jail and the shiny precinct across from it are about the only new buildings to go up in Brownsville in at least 20 years, as factories and businesses in the area have closed.

The Folk Nation gangs active in Brownsville operated out of the Riverdale Towers and Marcus Garvey Village housing facilities. The gang members were notoriously violent and murdered, shot at, stabbed and robbed members of several rival groups in the area, including the Bloods gang, the "Anybody Gets It," or ABG gang, and a group of Guyanese crack cocaine and marijuana dealers known as the "Dreads."

Brownsville is burdened with one of New York City's highest crime rates as well as the largest concentration of public housing in the country. Still, crime remains a sobering fact. In 2005, there were 125 murders, and 597 robberies and 562 felony assaults were reported.

In Brownsville, the Brookdale Hospital Center receives the most gunshot victims to its ER in the USA.[citation needed] In 2003, the United States Army established a training program at the hospital called the Academy of Advanced Combat Medicine to train reserve medics in an emergency room that has received 600 cases per year of gunshot and stabbing victims.[4] Their numbers for shootings victims are a lot higher than the NYPD, and they have been noticing a rise over the last few years.

Gang violence in the area includes the attempted murder of New York City Police Department officers on New Year's Eve 2002, a gang-related murder attempt which wounded an off-duty police officer caught in the cross-fire, and a gang-related murder attempt in which an innocent 13-year old was shot in the head. The charges are the latest phase in an on-going initiative by the FBI and NYPD, begun in 2002, to combat street gang and drug-related violence in the 73rd Precinct, covering the Brownsville section of Brooklyn.

Community District 16, which includes Brownsville, is third in Brooklyn and fourth citywide in infant mortality, with 10.7 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. The individual neighborhood of Brownsville, according to DOHMH, had “The highest infant mortality rate in the city” (12.2 deaths per 1,000 live births) in 2004

The fourth and final prong complements the first three by establishing a partnership with the New York State Division of Parole to improve the supervision of parolees who live in public housing.Parole officers will be dedicated to supervising parolees who reside in these developments and will use offices that are actually located in public housing buildings. Having a presence in the developments will provide greater opportunities for interaction between parole officers and the family members of parolees, as well as community residents. Closer proximity will also enhance the ability of Parole, NYPD, and NYCHA to work collaboratively. Tapscott, Tilden, Brownsville, Seth Low, Van Dyke I and II, Howard, and Langston Hughes developments.

Transportation

Brownsville is accessible from the IRT. Its main thoroughfare is Pitkin Avenue. The 3, 4, A, and C trains are accessible to Brownsville residents.

Notable Residents

References

  1. ^ http://www.longislandexchange.com/brooklynqueens/brownsville.html
  2. ^ Brownsville, Brooklyn : Blacks, Jews, and the changing face of the ghetto by Wendell E Pritchett. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 2002. ISBN: 0226684466
  3. ^ Confrontation at Ocean Hill-Brownsville; the New York school strikes of 1968 by Maurice R Berube & Marilyn Gittell. New York, Praeger [1969] OCLC: 19279
  4. ^ Bleyer, Jennifer. "Battlefield Medics Shaped in Civilian Setting", The New York Times, December 6, 2005. "The program, called the Academy of Advanced Combat Medicine, started at Kings County two years ago when officers from the 5,300-person Eighth Medical Brigade, based at Fort Wadsworth on Staten Island, decided to train their reservists in a civilian emergency room.... The hospital's highly regarded, extremely busy emergency room admits 1,200 major trauma patients each year, among the most in the city."
  5. ^ Salamon, Julie. "Toil, Tears and Sweat in Brooklyn", The New York Times, February 6, 2004. Accessed November 19, 2007. "The words of a native son, Alfred Kazin, spoken by an actor evoking the writer's Brownsville childhood in the 1920's, resonate today."
  6. ^ Vecsey, George. "SPORTS OF THE TIMES; The Pearl Fits In At Syracuse", The New York Times, March 9, 1984. Accessed December 5, 2007. "This part of the legend does survive: Washington admits that when he was 8 years old at the Howard Housing Project in Brownsville, his elders asked him: Who do you think you are, the Pearl?"
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brownsville%2C_Brooklyn&diff=177969944&oldid=177969923

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