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The '''Amara Sullia Rebellion''' (also called ''Kalyanappana Katakayi'' or ''Amara Sulya Raitha'') was an armed uprising against the British government organized by the people of [[Arebhashe dialect|Arebhashe]], [[Kodava people|Kodava]] and [[Tulu Nadu|Tulunadu]] that took place in 1837, twenty years before the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Sepoy Mutiny]] of 1857.<ref>{{cite web |title=ಬಾವುಟಗುಡ್ಡೆಯಲ್ಲಿ 13 ದಿನ ರಾರಾಜಿಸಿತ್ತು ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಬಾವುಟ ! ಸುಳ್ಯದ ರೈತರು ಹಚ್ಚಿದ್ದ ಸೇಡಿನ ಕಿಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಬೆಚ್ಚಿ ಓಡಿದ್ದರು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರು ! |url=https://headlinekarnataka.com/news/Article/6592/Independence-day-2021-history-of-Bavutagudde-in-Mangalore-up-went-the-rebel-flag |website=Headline Karanataka |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ - "ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ" ಪುಟಗಳಿಂದ ಕಳೆದುಹೋದಂತಹ ಒಂದು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಘಟನೆ|url=https://news13.in/archives/168425|access-date=19 August 2021 |work=News 13, Anindith Gowda Kochi Baarike |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Paniyadi |first1=Gururaj A. |title=1837: When the rebel flag fluttered high |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/060416/1837-when-the-rebel-flag-fluttered-high.html |access-date=17 August 2021 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=6 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Amara Sullia uprising, 20 years before 1857 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/spectrum/spectrum-top-stories/the-amara-sullia-uprising-20-years-before-1857-873485.html |access-date=15 August 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=15 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> |
The '''Amara Sullia Rebellion''' (also called ''Kalyanappana Katakayi'' or ''Amara Sulya Raitha'') was an armed uprising against the British government organized by the people of [[Arebhashe dialect|Arebhashe]], [[Kodava people|Kodava]] and [[Tulu Nadu|Tulunadu]] that took place in 1837, twenty years before the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Sepoy Mutiny]] of 1857.<ref>{{cite web |title=ಬಾವುಟಗುಡ್ಡೆಯಲ್ಲಿ 13 ದಿನ ರಾರಾಜಿಸಿತ್ತು ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಬಾವುಟ ! ಸುಳ್ಯದ ರೈತರು ಹಚ್ಚಿದ್ದ ಸೇಡಿನ ಕಿಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಬೆಚ್ಚಿ ಓಡಿದ್ದರು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರು ! |url=https://headlinekarnataka.com/news/Article/6592/Independence-day-2021-history-of-Bavutagudde-in-Mangalore-up-went-the-rebel-flag |website=Headline Karanataka |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ - "ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ" ಪುಟಗಳಿಂದ ಕಳೆದುಹೋದಂತಹ ಒಂದು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಘಟನೆ|url=https://news13.in/archives/168425|access-date=19 August 2021 |work=News 13, Anindith Gowda Kochi Baarike |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Paniyadi |first1=Gururaj A. |title=1837: When the rebel flag fluttered high |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/060416/1837-when-the-rebel-flag-fluttered-high.html |access-date=17 August 2021 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=6 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Amara Sullia uprising, 20 years before 1857 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/spectrum/spectrum-top-stories/the-amara-sullia-uprising-20-years-before-1857-873485.html |access-date=15 August 2020 |work=Deccan Herald |date=15 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> |
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Leaders who supported and fought with the Freedom Fighters. Subedar [[Guddemane Appaiah Gowda]] (Guddera Appu) as he was fondly known in the movement hailing from Balamberi belonging to the [[Tulu Gowda|Are Bhashe]] Community was one of the leaders in the movement. |
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[[File:Madaiah's Palace.jpg|thumb|Subedar Nerapanda Madaiah's Palace at Arapattu, Kadiyat Naad]] |
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==History== |
==History== |
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In 1799, [[South Canara|South Kanara]] came under British rule. But until [[Chikka Virarajendra|Chikkaviraraja]] (1820–1844), the last of the Haleri chiefs, was overthrown, Coorg had a tenuous sense of independence. After Coorg was annexed, the Amarsullian magane and Puttur, which the British had given to the Raja of Coorg in 1804 for their convenience, were moved to the province of Kanara. It caused the inhabitants of these moved maganes to endure great suffering.They initially observed a shift in the way taxes were paid to the government. The revenue was given in kind during the reign of the Rajas of Coorg.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Dr Gowri |last=Naidu|title=The Rebellion of Kalyanswamy (1837 A.D.) |url=https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT1134286.pdf |ref=2320-2882}}</ref> |
In 1799, [[South Canara|South Kanara]] came under British rule. But until [[Chikka Virarajendra|Chikkaviraraja]] (1820–1844), the last of the Haleri chiefs, was overthrown, Coorg had a tenuous sense of independence. After Coorg was annexed, the Amarsullian magane and Puttur, which the British had given to the Raja of Coorg in 1804 for their convenience, were moved to the province of Kanara. It caused the inhabitants of these moved maganes to endure great suffering.They initially observed a shift in the way taxes were paid to the government. The revenue was given in kind during the reign of the Rajas of Coorg.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Dr Gowri |last=Naidu|title=The Rebellion of Kalyanswamy (1837 A.D.) |url=https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT1134286.pdf |ref=2320-2882}}</ref> |
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===Reasons=== |
===Reasons=== |
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There was a tradition of paying revenue to the monarch in the form of products before the [[Sullia|Sulya]] [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]] of Dakshina Kannada became a province of Canara. Despite this, the British issued instructions requiring the residents of Kodagu and Dakshina Kannada to pay taxes in cash. People started to believe that foreigners were in charge and were syphoning off their hard-earned money under the pretence of taxation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=NS Bhat |title=Rebellion of Kalyanaswamy (1834-37) |date=1987 |url=https://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/3525}}</ref> |
There was a tradition of paying revenue to the monarch in the form of products before the [[Sullia|Sulya]] [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]] of [[Dakshina Kannada]] became a province of Canara. Despite this, the British issued instructions requiring the residents of [[Kodagu]] and Dakshina Kannada to pay taxes in cash. People started to believe that foreigners were in charge and were syphoning off their hard-earned money under the pretence of taxation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=NS Bhat |title=Rebellion of Kalyanaswamy (1834-37) |date=1987 |url=https://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/handle/unigoa/3525}}</ref> |
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== Memorials == |
== Memorials == |
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=== Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda=== |
=== Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda=== |
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A 22feet tall bronze statue, named as "Statue of Gallantry" of Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda was built at Bautagudda, in [[Mangalore]] as a tribute to his role in the freedom struggle.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mangaluru: Bommai unveils freedom fighter Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda's statue |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1021357 |work=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref> |
A 22feet tall bronze statue, named as "Statue of Gallantry" of Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda was built at Bautagudda, in [[Mangalore]] as a tribute to his role in the freedom struggle.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mangaluru: Bommai unveils freedom fighter Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda's statue |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1021357 |work=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref> |
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[[File:Memorial of Subedar Nerapanda Madaiah.jpg|thumb|Memorial of Subedar Nerapanda Madaiah]] |
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=== Madaiah Ajjanda Samadhi Virajpet === |
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Subedar Madaiah's memorial has been built in Arapattu Village of Kadiyat Naad.{{fact|date=November 2022}} |
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=== Uttaiah Ajjanda Aramane Napoklu === |
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[[File:Mandira Uttaiah Palace.jpg|thumb|Subedar Mandira Uttaiah's Palace at Nelji ]] |
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Subedar Mandira Uttaiah's Mansion at Nelaji Village of Naal Naad (Napoklu). |
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== Heritage village status == |
== Heritage village status == |
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Ubaradka Mittur village in [[Sullia taluk]] has been designated as a Heritage Village by the Government of Karnataka, for its contribution to freedom movement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ubaradka Mittur to get Heritage Village Tag|url=https://www.thecanarapost.com/2021/08/15/freedom-movement-ubaradka-mittur-to-get-heritage-village-tag/amp/ |access-date=16 August 2021 |work=Canara Post |date=16 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> |
[[Ubaradka Mittur]] village in [[Sullia taluk]] has been designated as a Heritage Village by the[[ Government of Karnataka]], for its contribution to freedom movement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ubaradka Mittur to get Heritage Village Tag|url=https://www.thecanarapost.com/2021/08/15/freedom-movement-ubaradka-mittur-to-get-heritage-village-tag/amp/ |access-date=16 August 2021 |work=Canara Post |date=16 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 06:00, 22 May 2023
The Amara Sullia Rebellion (also called Kalyanappana Katakayi or Amara Sulya Raitha) was an armed uprising against the British government organized by the people of Arebhashe, Kodava and Tulunadu that took place in 1837, twenty years before the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.[1][2][3][4]
Leaders who supported and fought with the Freedom Fighters. Subedar Guddemane Appaiah Gowda (Guddera Appu) as he was fondly known in the movement hailing from Balamberi belonging to the Are Bhashe Community was one of the leaders in the movement.
History
In 1799, South Kanara came under British rule. But until Chikkaviraraja (1820–1844), the last of the Haleri chiefs, was overthrown, Coorg had a tenuous sense of independence. After Coorg was annexed, the Amarsullian magane and Puttur, which the British had given to the Raja of Coorg in 1804 for their convenience, were moved to the province of Kanara. It caused the inhabitants of these moved maganes to endure great suffering.They initially observed a shift in the way taxes were paid to the government. The revenue was given in kind during the reign of the Rajas of Coorg.[5]
Reasons
There was a tradition of paying revenue to the monarch in the form of products before the Sulya Puttur of Dakshina Kannada became a province of Canara. Despite this, the British issued instructions requiring the residents of Kodagu and Dakshina Kannada to pay taxes in cash. People started to believe that foreigners were in charge and were syphoning off their hard-earned money under the pretence of taxation.[6]
Memorials
Banglegudde Bellare
The treasury of Britishers was present at Bellare of Sulya. Freedom fighters came directly from Maduvegadde to Bellare Bungalow and seized the treasury.[7]
Guddemane Appaiah Gowda Statue Madikeri
A bronze statue of Guddemane Appaiah Gowda was unveiled by D. V. Sadananda Gowda at Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa Circle in Madikeri.[8]
Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda
A 22feet tall bronze statue, named as "Statue of Gallantry" of Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda was built at Bautagudda, in Mangalore as a tribute to his role in the freedom struggle.[9]
Heritage village status
Ubaradka Mittur village in Sullia taluk has been designated as a Heritage Village by theGovernment of Karnataka, for its contribution to freedom movement.[10]
See also
Notes
References
Citations
- ^ "ಬಾವುಟಗುಡ್ಡೆಯಲ್ಲಿ 13 ದಿನ ರಾರಾಜಿಸಿತ್ತು ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಬಾವುಟ ! ಸುಳ್ಯದ ರೈತರು ಹಚ್ಚಿದ್ದ ಸೇಡಿನ ಕಿಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಬೆಚ್ಚಿ ಓಡಿದ್ದರು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರು !". Headline Karanataka.
- ^ "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ - "ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ" ಪುಟಗಳಿಂದ ಕಳೆದುಹೋದಂತಹ ಒಂದು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಘಟನೆ". News 13, Anindith Gowda Kochi Baarike. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ Paniyadi, Gururaj A. (6 April 2016). "1837: When the rebel flag fluttered high". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
- ^ "The Amara Sullia uprising, 20 years before 1857". Deccan Herald. 15 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- ^ Naidu, Dr Gowri. "The Rebellion of Kalyanswamy (1837 A.D.)" (PDF).
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ NS Bhat (1987). "Rebellion of Kalyanaswamy (1834-37)".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Bandlegudde of Sulya". RellowPlaques. 7 June 2020.
- ^ "Freedom fighter Guddemane Appaiah remembered". Deccan Herald. 31 October 2021.
- ^ "Mangaluru: Bommai unveils freedom fighter Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda's statue". www.daijiworld.com.
- ^ "Ubaradka Mittur to get Heritage Village Tag". Canara Post. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.