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{{for|the usual meaning of hard left|far-left politics}} |
{{for|the usual meaning of hard left|far-left politics}} |
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'''Hard left''' is a |
'''Hard left''' is a term, which may have negative connotations <ref name="Wilson1996">{{cite book|author=John Wilson|title=Understanding Journalism: A Guide to Issues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axT2G0W9sl0C&pg=PA203|year=1996|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-11599-5|page=203|quote=Condemnation by label is a favourite tactic of political antagonism...Descriptions like 'hard left', 'far left' ... all have extra connotations, political under-meanings to damage the people they describe}}</ref>, used to describe the British far-left, both inside and outside the Labour Party.<ref name="AndersonMann1997">{{cite book|author1=Paul Anderson|author2=Nyta Mann|title=Safety First: The Making of New Labour|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVKNAAAAMAAJ|date=January 1997|publisher=Granta Books|isbn=978-1-86207-070-7}}</ref> The term ''hard left'' was sometimes used in the 1980s to describe [[Trotskyism|Trotskyist]] groups such as the [[Militant tendency]], [[Socialist Organiser]] and [[Socialist Action (UK)|Socialist Action]].<ref name="Shaw1988">{{cite book|author=Eric Shaw|title=Discipline and Discord in the Labour Party: The Politics of Managerial Control in the Labour Party, 1951-87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgcNAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA267|date=1 January 1988|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-2483-2|page=267}}</ref> The hard left was more strongly influenced by [[Marxism]], while the [[soft left]] had a more [[gradualist]] approach to building [[socialism]]. Politicians commonly branded as hard left in the Labour Party included [[Derek Hatton]], [[Ken Livingstone]],<ref>{{Cite book |
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|title=Marxism Against Postmodernism in Educational Theory |
|title=Marxism Against Postmodernism in Educational Theory |
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|last=Hill |first=Dave |
|last=Hill |first=Dave |
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Revision as of 10:51, 29 October 2015
Hard left is a term, which may have negative connotations [1], used to describe the British far-left, both inside and outside the Labour Party.[2] The term hard left was sometimes used in the 1980s to describe Trotskyist groups such as the Militant tendency, Socialist Organiser and Socialist Action.[3] The hard left was more strongly influenced by Marxism, while the soft left had a more gradualist approach to building socialism. Politicians commonly branded as hard left in the Labour Party included Derek Hatton, Ken Livingstone,[4] Dennis Skinner,[5] and Eric Heffer,[6] as well as a number of political parties and organisations on the British Left that are ordinarily described as Far-left.
In 1997 Paul Anderson and Nyta Mann wrote:
Labour [in the early 1980s] was ... in the depths of the fratricidal blood-letting that had engulfed it after the defeat of Jim Callaghan's government. The activist left in the constituency parties and the trade unions, with support from some left MPs, most notably Tony Benn, was in revolt against what it saw as the failure of the 1974–9 government to put Labour's principles into practice. On policy, it was insistent that Labour adopt unambiguously radical positions, particularly withdrawal from the European Economic Community and unilateral nuclear disarmament ... But the activists' biggest priority was to make the Parliamentary Labour Party accountable to the party as a whole ... The left coalition [the Campaign for Labour Party Democracy] was a bizarre mix of radical democrats, Leninists old and new, traditional Labour leftists, feminists, libertarians and decentralists. It was notoriously unstable, not least because it could not agree on the detail of its proposed reforms to the party constitution, and was already beginning to divide into a hard left that wanted to push the revolt to its limit and a soft left that was prepared to compromise.[7]
See also
References
- ^ John Wilson (1996). Understanding Journalism: A Guide to Issues. Psychology Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-415-11599-5.
Condemnation by label is a favourite tactic of political antagonism...Descriptions like 'hard left', 'far left' ... all have extra connotations, political under-meanings to damage the people they describe
- ^ Paul Anderson; Nyta Mann (January 1997). Safety First: The Making of New Labour. Granta Books. ISBN 978-1-86207-070-7.
- ^ Eric Shaw (1 January 1988). Discipline and Discord in the Labour Party: The Politics of Managerial Control in the Labour Party, 1951-87. Manchester University Press. p. 267. ISBN 978-0-7190-2483-2.
- ^ Hill, Dave (2002). Marxism Against Postmodernism in Educational Theory. Lexington Books. p. 188. ISBN 0739103466.
- ^ Andrew Roth (20 March 2001). "Dennis Skinner". The Guardian. Andrew Roth's parliament profiles.
- ^ Thorpe, Andrew (2008). A History of the British Labour Party (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 228. ISBN 1137248157.
- ^ Anderson and Mann, Safety First: The Making of New Labour, Granta, 1997, ISBN 1-86207-070-9 chapter 31. Archived from the original on 9 November 2005.