This is a list of massacres that happened in Kosovo throughout history.
Ottoman period
[edit]Event | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrator | Victims | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1878 attacks | 1878 | Kosovo vilayet | Albanian refugees | Serbs | Incoming Albanian refugees to Kosovo who were expelled by the Serb army from the Sanjak of Niș were involved in revenge attacks and hostile actions to the local Serb population.[1] | |
1898–1899 attacks | 1898-1899 | Old Serbia | Albanians | Serbs | [2] | |
1901 massacres of Serbs | 1901 | Pristina and Ibarski Kolašin | Albanians | Serbs | [3] | |
Takeover of Pristina | ~23 October 1912 | Pristina | 5,000[4] | Serbian army | Albanians | First Balkan War[5] |
Takeover of Ferizaj | 24 October 1912 | Ferizaj | 1,200 | Serbian army | Albanians | First Balkan War[6][7][8] |
Takeover of Prizren | 1912 | Prizren | 5,000[9] | Serbian and Montenegrin armies | Albanians | First Balkan War |
Leshkobare massacre | 1912 | Lloshkobare | 8 | Serbian army | Albanians | First Balkan War[6] |
Torching of Bobaj | 1912 | Bobaj | Serbian army | Albanians | All inhabitants of Bobaj were killed.[7] | |
Extermination of Opoja and Restelica | 1912-1913 | Opoja and Restelica | thousands | Serbian army | Albanians | Serbian troops were ordered to exterminate the population of the villages of Opoja, Gora, Bellobrad, Brrut, Rrenc, Bresanë, Zym and Qafëleshi.[citation needed] |
Razing of Peja | 1912-1913 | Peja | Serbian army and Chetniks | Albanians | [10][11][12] | |
Bytyci massacre | 1913 | Highlands of Gjakova | 51 | Serbian army | Albanians | First Balkan War[13] |
Massacre of the Rugova tribe | 1913 | Rugova | Montenegrin army | Albanians | Every man of the Rugova tribe was reportedly killed.[14] | |
Vushtrri killings | 1913 | Vushtrri | Serbian army | Albanians | [15] |
World War I
[edit]Event | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrator | Victims | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Astrazubi massacre | 1914 | Malisheva | 227 | Serbian army | Albanians | 90% of the houses in Astrazubi were destroyed.[16] |
Peja massacres | 1914 | Peja | Serbian army | Albanians | 25 civilians were killed each day.[17] | |
Lubishtë massacre | 1914 | Lubishtë | 104 | Serbian army | Albanians | [18] |
Julekar massacre | 1914 | Viti | 24 | Serbian army | Albanians | [18] |
Attack on Bytyci | 1915 | Highlands of Gjakova | Serbian army | Albanians | The Ushki family almost completely killed, with only one survivor.[13] | |
Bombardment of Vechali | 1915 | Prizren–Tetovo | 65 | Serbian army | Albanians | The Serbian army shelled the village of Vecali.[19] |
Interwar period
[edit]Event | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrator | Victims | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rugova massacre | 16 February 1919 | Rugova | 842 | Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Albanian civilians [20][21][22] | |
Mitrovica killings | 1919-1921 | Mitrovica | 1,330 | Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Albanian civilians | [23] |
Peja killings | 1919-1921 | Peja | 1,563 | Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Albanian civilians | [23] |
Prizren killings | 1919-1921 | Prizren | 4,600 | Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Albanian civilians | [23] |
Ferizaj killings | 1919-1921 | Ferizaj | 1,694 | Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Albanian civilians | [23] |
Keqekolla massacre | January 1921 | Keqekollë | Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Albanian civilians | [24][25] | |
Prapashtica massacre | January 1921 | Prapashticë | Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Albanian civilians | [24][25] | |
Dushkajë massacre | 1921 | Dushkajë | 63 | Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Albanian civilians | [26] |
Dubnica massacre | 10 February 1924 | Dubnica | 25 | Army of Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Albanian civilians | [27] |
World War II
[edit]Event | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrator | Victims | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Massacres of Kosovo Serbs | April-May 1941 | Districts of Peja, Djakovica, Istok and Drenica | 162 | Albanians | Serbs | Massacres accompanied by expulsions and burning down of villages.[28] |
Istok killings | 1941-1943 | Istok | 275 | Albanians | Serbs | [29] |
Goraždevac killings | 1941 | Goraždevac, near Peja | 47 | Albanians | Serbs | [29] |
Ibarski Kolašin massacres | 30 September–10 October 1941 | Ibarski Kolašin | 150 | Albanians | Serbs | 22 villages also burnt down.[29] |
Ibarski Kolašin killings | 1942-1943 | Ibarski Kolašin | 130 | Albanians | Serbs | [29] |
June 1942 Pristina killings | Late June 1942 | Pristina area | 100 | Albanians | Serbs | [30] |
Vareška Reka massacre | June 1943 | 15 | Albanians | Serbs | [29] | |
Trepča mine executions | 3-7 June 1943 | Trepča mine, Mitrovica | 64 | Albanians | Serbs | Mass shooting of Serbs by Albanians, Albanian gendarmerie and prison guards at the Trepča mine prison, most of whom were workers that had fallen ill, and among whom several were peasants from the Mitrovica vicinity.[31] |
Uroševac massacre | 11–12 September 1943 | Uroševac area | 60 | Albanians | Serbs | 48 were killed in the town itself, while 12 others were taken out of town and killed after being tortured. The unit responsible was commanded by Amdija Jašarević.[32] |
Nekodim, Baroš Selo, Duganjevo and Plešina murders | 12–13 September 1943 | Nekodim, Baroš Selo, Duganjevo and Plešina | Unknown | Albanians | Serbs | [33] |
Žerovnica killings | 10 October 1943 | Žerovnica | 6 | Albanians | Serbs | [34] |
Brestovik mass killing | 13 October 1943 | Brestovik | 19 | Albanians | Serbs | 19 Serbs in the Serb village of Brestovik near Peja were killed by Albanian quislings on 13 October 1943. Before the Italian capitulation (September 1943), 12 villagers had also been killed.[34] |
Rakoš massacre | October 1943 | Rakoš | 65 | Albanians | Serbs | Serbs shot by Albanians in Rakoš, a village half-way between Kosovska Mitrovica and Peć.[29] |
Peja massacres | Late 1943 | Peja | 230 | Albanians | Serbs | [35] |
Rakoš mass killings | 3 December 1943 | Rakoš | 30 | Albanians | Serbs | [36] |
Siga massacre | 4 December 1943 | Siga | 36 | Albanians | Serbs | 36 Serbs from the village of Siga were massacred by the Kosovo Regiment [36] |
Peja mass killings | 4-7 December 1943 | Peja | 300 | Albanians | Serbs | Between 4 and 7 December 1943, 400 soldiers of Kosovo Regiment commanded by Xhafer Deva surrounded Peć and committed mass murder of local Serbs and Montenegrins, killing at least 300 people. [37] |
Tople Vode massacre | 1944 | Kačanik | 13 | Bulgarian forces | Serbs | 13 Serbs from the village of Vrbeštica shot by Bulgarian forces.[34] |
Štrpce massacre | 30 June 1944 | Štrpce | 50 | Bulgarian military | Serbs | Serbs shot after the death of a Bulgarian soldier.[34] |
Kosovo War
[edit]Event | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrator | Victims | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Attacks on Likošane and Ćirez | 28 February–1 March 1998 | Likošane and Ćirez, near Glogovac | 26 | Serbian special police | Albanian civilians | Operation against Albanian civilians. |
Attack on Prekaz | 5–7 March 1998 | Prekaz, near Skenderaj | 58 | VJ, SAJ | KLA, Albanian civilians | operation led by the Special Anti-Terrorism Unit of Serbia which lasted from 5-7 March 1998, which goal was to eliminate Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) suspects and their families.[38][39] During the operation, KLA leader Adem Jashari and his brother Hamëz were killed, along with nearly 60 other family members. |
Volujak Massacre | 17-19 July 1998 | Volujak | 25 | KLA | Serbian civilians | According to Serb authorities, 25 male Kosovo Serb civilians were executed. Serbia attributes the killings to the KLA "Orahovac group"[40] |
Klečka killings | 17–22 July 1998 | Klečka | 22 | KLA | Serbian civilians | KLA used cremation chambers to burn bodies of killed Serbian civilians, covering up the crime. 22 bodies were identified from remains.[41] |
Mališevo mass grave | 17-20 July 1998 | Mališevo | 13 | KLA | Serbian civilians | 12 Serbs and 1 Bulgarian were kidnapped and then executed by the KLA in Mališevo between 17-20 July 1998 |
Orahovac Massacre | 17-20 July 1998 | Orahovac | 47 | KLA | Serbian civilians | More than 100 Serbian and Roma civilians from Orahovac and its surrounding villages - Retimlje, Opterusa, Zočište and Velika Hoca - in western Kosovo were kidnapped and placed in prison camps by KLA fighters; 47 were massacred |
Lake Radonjić massacre | Before 9 September 1998 | Glođane | 34 | KLA | Serbs, Albanians | On 9 September 1998 the Serbian police announced the finding of a mass grave. By 16 September 34 bodies were gathered. Victims included some Albanians.[42][43] |
Gornje Obrinje massacre | 26 September 1998 | Gornje Obrinje | 21 | Serbian special police | KLA, Albanian civilians | Operation against KLA, in retaliation of at least 14 killed Serbian policemen, subsequent massacre with HRW claiming 21 civilians.[44] |
Golubovac executions | 26 September 1998 | Golubovac | 13 | Serbian paramilitary | KLA or Albanian civilians | Following Gornje Obrinje,[45] summary execution of men suspected of being KLA.[46] |
Panda Bar massacre | 14 December 1998 | Peja | 6 | Serbian Secret Service | Serbian civilians | 6 Serb civilians killed and 14 wounded in attack on café in Peja. The KLA was accused at the time of the events, but strongly rejected any involvement. The Serbian Organised Crime Prosecutor's Office launched an investigation in 2016 and reached the conclusion that the massacre was not perpetrated by Albanians.[47] any years after the incident, the Serbian government officially acknowledged that it was perpetrated by agents of the Serbian Secret Service.[48] |
Račak massacre | 15 January 1999 | Račak | 45 | SAJ, JSO | KLA, Albanian civilians | Operation against KLA (9 suspected KLA killed), including killings of civilians.[49] Controversial topic. |
Mitrovica massacre | 13 March 1999 | Bazaar of Mitrovica | 6 | Serbian police | Albanian civilians | After three grenades were thrown at the market, six people died, over 128 others were injured, many of them remained disabled for life.[50] |
Velika Kruša massacre | 25 March 1999 | Velika Kruša | 90–105 | Serbian special police | Albanian civilians | |
Bela Crkva massacre | 25 March 1999 | Bela Crkva | 62 | Serbian special police and paramilitary | Albanian civilians | |
Suva Reka massacre | 26 March 1999 | Suva Reka | 48 | Serbian police | Albanian civilians | Members of the Berisha family were forced into their family-owned pizzeria, where two hand grenades were thrown. Serbian police officers shot those who displayed signs of life. The bodies were disposed into a mass grave near a police facility in Batajnica, Serbia.[51] |
Imeraj massacre | 26 March 1999 | Pemishtë/Cërkolez | 19 | Serbian military police & paramilitaries | Albanian civilians | Serbian forces entered the village of Pemishtë/Cërkolez and killed 19 Albanian civilians, all members of the Imeraj family, including 13 women and children.[52][53] |
Izbica massacre | 28 March 1999 | Kosovo | 93 | VJ, police and paramilitary | Albanians | After shelling of the village of Izbica, ca. 93, mostly male non-combatants, were executed. |
Podujevo massacre | 28 March 1999 | Podujevo | 14 | Serbian security forces, Scorpions | Albanian civilians | Security forces gunned down 19 people in the town of Podujevo, killing 14 people and injuring 5, whom were children [54] |
Ljubižda massacre | 31 March 1999 | near Prizren, Kosovo | 14 | Serbian forces | Albanian civilians | Security forces reportedly shot 14 men in the village of Ljubižda, northwest of Prizren.[55] |
Pusto Selo massacre | 31 March 1999 | Pusto Selo near Orahovac, Kosovo | 106 | Serbian forces | KLA or Albanian civilians | The men were allegedly KLA sympathizers.[56][55] |
Rezala massacre | 5 April 1999 | Rezala | 80 | Serbian forces | Albanian civilians | Serbian police allegedly entered the Albanian village of Rezala and gunned down at least 80 villagers suspected of harbouring KLA guerrillas.[57] |
Gjakova bombing | 14 April 1999 | Gjakova | 73 | NATO | Albanian refugees | NATO accidentally bomb Albanian refugees in Gjakova. |
Slovinje massacre | 15-16 April 1999 | Slovinje near Lipljan | 35-44 | Serbian security forces | Albanians | Between 35 and 44 people were shot and executed by Serbian police and paramillitaries in Slovinje and the immediate villages surrounding it (notably Smolusa) [58] [59] |
Poklek massacre | 17 April 1999 | 47 | Serbian police | Albanians | KLA were active in the area, while a KLA checkpoint was set up in neighbouring Vasiljevo.[60] According to testimonies, 47 people forced into a room were shot by an unidentified single gunman.[61] | |
Ćikatovo massacre | 17 April 1999 | Staro Ćikatovo | 24 | Serbian forces | Albanians | 24 men of the Morina family were killed during a day-long raid by Serbian forces.[62] Although survivors claimed that none of the killed were involved with the KLA, several members of the family are admitted KLA members.[62] |
Meja massacre | 27 April 1999 | Meja near Gjakova | 377 | Serbian forces | Albanian civilians | Serbian forces retaliate for the KLA killing of five Serbian policemen in Meja on 21 April, by mass killings on 27 April in that village.[63] The number of victims is unknown, but is believed by HRW to be 300 (based on missing persons list), although very few bodies have been found.[64] Newer figures raise the number dead to at least 377.[65] |
Lužane bus bombing | 1 May 1999 | Lužane | 23–60 | NATO | Serbian civilians | NATO missile attack on bridge. |
Vushtrri massacre | 2–3 May 1999 | Vushtrri, Kosovo | 120 | Serbian forces | Albanian civilians | Albanian refugees fleeing the fighting that was occurring between the Yugoslav Army and the KLA were cornered by the Serb Special Forces (who suspected that some KLA members were fleeing the fighting with the refugees). The Special Forces picked out about 120 men who they suspected of being KLA deserters and sprayed them with bullets and later hid their bodies in a mass-grave near Gornja Sudimlja. |
Koriša bombing | 14 May 1999 | Koriša | 87 | NATO | Albanian refugees | NATO bombed a column of Albanian refugees, killing at least 87 and wounding 60. |
Ćuška massacre | 14 May 1999 | Ćuška | 41 | Serbian security forces | Albanians | An estimated twelve men killed in round-up, 29 men gathered into three houses and gunned down.[66] Unclear motive.[67] |
Bilbildere massacre | 16 May 1999 | Prizren | 2 | Serbian paramillitaries | Albanians | 2 men were captured by Arkan's Tigers and were summarily executed.[68] |
Dubrava Prison massacre | 22–23 May 1999 | Dubrava | 79–82 | Serbian prison guards | Albanian inmates | Inmates were extrajudicially killed or summary executed on 22 and 23 May following NATO bombings on 19 May.[69] |
Tusus massacre | 26 May 1999 | Prizren | 27–34 | Serbian forces | Albanians | Serbian forces kill 27–34 people and burn over 100 homes.[70] Retaliation for at least two killed policemen on crossing street that morning by KLA.[70] |
Aftermath of Kosovo War
[edit]Event | Date | Location | Deaths | Perpetrator | Victims | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peja killing | 12 June 1999 | Peja | 7 | Serbian forces | Albanian civilians | Six members of a family were killed and one was captured and found dead.[71] |
Gnjilane massacre | June–October 1999 | Peja | 51 | KLA | Serbian civilians | KLA's Gnjilane Group burned homes and murdered Serbs and other non-Albanian civilians. The remains of 51 Serbs were discovered in mass graves in 1999. |
Staro Gracko massacre | 23 July 1999 | Lipjan | 14 | KLA | Serbian civilians | Mass killing of 14 Serb farmers in the village of Staro Gracko in the municipality of Lipljan on 23 July 1999. The killings occurred after Yugoslav troops withdrew from the region in the aftermath of the Kosovo War.[72] |
Ugljare massacre | Before August 1999 | Ugljare | 15 | KLA | Serbs | KFOR reports on 25 August 1999 the finding of 15 bodies of killed Serbs.[73] Killed months prior, the bodies were concealed by the KFOR.[74] |
Klokot killings | 16 August 1999 | Klokot | 2 | Albanian extremists | Serbian civilians | On 16 August 1999, after the Kosovo War, a mortar attack carried out by Albanians killed two Serb civilians and wounded five others in the village. There had earlier that month been two mortar attacks.[75][76] |
Mitrovica massacre | 3-4 February 2000 | North Mitrovica | 10 | Serbian extremists | Albanian civilians | Serbian extremists stormed the houses of 10 Albanian civilians and murdered them on the nights of 3-4 February 2000. [77][78][79] |
Cernica Killings | 28 May 2000 | Cernica | 3 | Albanian extremists | Serbian civilians | Three Serbs including a four year old child were murdered in cold blood during a drive-by shooting in Cernica, a village south of Gnjilane.[41] |
Podujevo bus bombing | 16 February 2001 | Podujevo | 12 | Albanian extremists | Serbian civilians | 12 dead and 40 wounded in bombing attack on bus convoy carrying Serbs traveling to Serb enclave Gračanica to visit family graves. |
Stolic Family Massacre | 3 June 2003 | Obilić | 3 | Serbian civilians | Three Serbs were axed to death. The house was then set on fire.[80][81][82] | |
Goraždevac murders | 13 August 2003 | Goraždevac | 2 | Albanian extremists | Serbian civilians | Shots fired from Albanian village on the Serb enclave kills two, an adult and a child, and wounding four. |
2004 unrest in Kosovo | 17-18 March 2004 | Kosovo | 16 | Albanians | Serbian civilians | On 17 and 18 March 2004, a wave of violent riots swept through Kosovo, 16 Serbs and 11 Albanians were killed during the unrest. Over 935 Serbian houses and 35 Churches were burned and destroyed. Over 4000 Serbs were expelled from Kosovo. |
Talinoc Killings | 6 July 2012 | Talinoc i Muhaxhirëve | 2 | Serbian civilians | A married Serb couple, war refugees who had returned to the village, were murdered in their house on 6 July 2012. After the murders, the village Serbs asked the government to secure their relocation to either Strpce or Gracanica, or else they were to leave for Central Serbia. |
See also
[edit]- Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878)
- Balkan Wars (First Balkan War • Second Balkan War)
- World War I
- Interwar period
- World War II
- Kosovo War
- North Kosovo crisis (2011–2013)
References
[edit]- ^ Müller, Dietmar (2009). "Orientalism and Nation: Jews and Muslims as Alterity in Southeastern Europe in the Age of Nation-States, 1878–1941". East Central Europe. 36 (1): 70. doi:10.1163/187633009x411485.
- ^ Mikić 1988, p. 47.
- ^ Skendi, Stavro (2015). The Albanian National Awakening. Princeton University Press. pp. 201, 293. ISBN 978-1-4008-4776-1.
- ^ "SERVIAN ARMY LEFT A TRAIL OF BLOOD; Thousands of Men, Women, and Children Massacred in March to Sea, Say Hungarian Reports" (PDF). Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- ^ Elsie, Robert; Destani, Bejtullah D. (30 January 2018). Kosovo, A Documentary History: From the Balkan Wars to World War II. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78672-354-3. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
- ^ a b "Archbishop Lazër Mjeda: Report on the Serb Invasion of Kosova and Macedonia". Robert Elsie: Texts and Documents of Albanian History. 24 January 1913.
- ^ a b Elsie, Robert. "1913 Leo Freundlich: Albania's Golgotha: Indictment of the Exterminators of the Albanian People". Robert Elsie: Texts and Documents of Albanian History.
- ^ Elsie, Robert; Destani, Bejtullah D. (30 January 2018). Kosovo, A Documentary History: From the Balkan Wars to World War II. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78672-354-3. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
- ^ Elsie, Robert (2010). Historical Dictionary of Kosovo. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810874831.
- ^ Sherifi, Remzije; Rugova, Ibrahim (2007). Shadow Behind the Sun. Sandstone. p. 53. ISBN 9781905207473. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ Bilheur, Ophélie (2010). Une entrée sanglante dans l'Europe du XXe siècle. Les massacres et atrocités pendant les guerres balkaniques (1912-1913) (PDF) (in French). pp. 107–108. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
Dans la région de Peć, plus de 10 000 personnes ont été converties de force, par la menace, la terreur; la moindre opposition est réglée à coups de baïonnettes ou d'incendies de 294 maisons. (In the Pejë region, more than 10,000 people were forcibly converted by threat or terror; the slightest opposition is resolved with bayonets. Two hundred ninety-four houses were burned.)
- ^ Edith, Durham (1920). Twenty Years Of Balkan Tangle. p. 246. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- ^ a b Elsie, Robert (24 April 2015). The Tribes of Albania: History, Society and Culture. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85773-932-2. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ Jezernik, Božidar (2004). Wild Europe: The Balkans in the Gaze of Western Travellers. Saqi. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-86356-574-8. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ Elsie, Robert; Destani, Bejtullah D. (2018). Kosovo, A Documentary History: From the Balkan Wars to World War II. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-78673-354-2. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- ^ Rifati, Fitim (2015). "Mizoritë e Ushtrisë Serbe në Rajonin e Astrazubit më 1914". Gjurmime Albanologjike - Seria e Shkencave Historike (in Albanian) (45): 81–91.
- ^ France Commission de publication des documents relatifs aux origines de la guerre (1933). Documents Diplomatiques Français (1871-1914): 1913 (in French). Impr. nationale. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
- ^ a b Destani, Bejtullah D. (2003). Ethnic Minorities in the Balkan States, 1860-1971: 1888-1914. Archive Editions. ISBN 978-1-84097-035-7. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
- ^ Bulgaria Ministerstvo na vŭnshnite raboti (1919). La vérité sur les accusations contre la Bulgarie (in French). l'État. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
- ^ Haxhihasani, Qemal; Xhagolli, Agron; Shqipërisë), Instituti i Kulturës Popullore (Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të (1985). Folklor kosovar (in Albanian). Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Kulturës Popullore.
- ^ "Statistics of the Rugova Massacre". www.albanianhistory.net.
- ^ Prifti, Kristaq (1993). The Truth on Kosova. Encyclopaedia Publishing House.
- ^ a b c d Pllana, Nusret; Kabashi, Emin (2001). Der Terror der Besatzungsmacht Serbien gegen die Albaner (in Albanian) (1918-1921, sont tues beaucoup d'albanais ainsi que leurs maisons brulees. Dans la prefecture de Peja 1563 personnes tuees et 714 maisons brulees; a Mitrovica 1330 personnes et 42 maisons brulees. ed.). Arkivi Shtetëror i Kosovës. p. 33. ISBN 978-9951-404-00-6. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ a b Sherifi, Remzije (2007). Shadow Behind the Sun. Sandstone. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-905207-13-8. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ a b Studia Albanica (in French). L'Institut. 1981. p. 74. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ Krasniqi, Mark (1984). Lugu i Baranit: monografi etno-gjeografike (in Albanian). Akademia e shkencave dhe e arteve e Kosovës. p. 37. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ Elsie, Robert. "The Situation of the Albanian Minority in Yugoslavia Memorandum Presented to the League of Nations". albanianhistory.net.
- ^ Antonijević 2009, pp. 39–40.
- ^ a b c d e f Antonijević 2009, p. 40.
- ^ Antonijević 2009, p. 41.
- ^ Antonijević 2009, pp. 45–46.
- ^ Antonijević 2009, p. 43.
- ^ Antonijević 2009, pp. 43–44.
- ^ a b c d Antonijević 2009, p. 44.
- ^ Antonijević 2009, p. 42.
- ^ a b Lekić 1995, p. 77.
- ^ Filipović 1989, p. 148.
- ^ Krieger 2001, p. 96.
- ^ Abrahams & Andersen 1998, p. 27: "The police attacked prekaz and the Jashari compound again on March 5, 1998, this time in a more determined manner. All evidence suggests that the attack was not intended to apprehend armed Albanians, considered "terrorists" by the government, but as Amnesty international concluded in its report on violence in Drenica, "to eliminate the suspects and their families".
- ^ "KLA members suspected of 1998 war crime". B92. 19 January 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
- ^ a b Human Rights Watch (2001). UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo. Samizdat B92.
- ^ Krieger 2001, p. 108.
- ^ HRW 2001, p. 13.
- ^ Henriksen, Dag (2013). NATO's Gamble: Combining Diplomacy and Airpower in the Kosovo Crisis, 1998-1999. Naval Institute Press. pp. 132–. ISBN 978-1-61251-555-7.
- ^ Henriksen 2013, p. 132.
- ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld - A Week of Terror in Drenica: Humanitarian Law Violations in Kosovo". Refworld. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- ^ Rudic, Filip; Haxhiaj, Rexhepe (2018). "Kosovo's Panda Café Massacre Mystery Unsolved 20 Years On".
- ^ Everts, Daan (2020). Peacekeeping in Albania and Kosovo: Conflict Response and International Intervention in the Western Balkans, 1997 - 2002. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 50. ISBN 978-1838604493.
In mid-December six young Kosovo Serbs were killed, and about a dozen wounded, in the Panda bar in Peja. The murder caused outrage all around, with the KLA getting all the blame. Many years later, the Serbian government officially acknowledged that the murder had been perpetrated by agents of the Serbian Secret Service.
- ^ Judah 2002, p. 193.
- ^ "Përkujtohet masakra e 13 marsit 1999 në Mitrovicë". 13 March 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
- ^ "Four Serb Policemen Jailed for Suva Reka Massacre". 25 April 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
- ^ Milosevic faces justice for the Serbs' crimes against humanity Archived 11 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Telegraph. Retrieved on 2022-02-26.
- ^ "20 vjet nga masakra e Padalishtës së Skënderajt - FOKUSI". www.fokusi.info (in Albanian). 26 May 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "Podujevo massacre survivor testifies". 23 December 2008.
- ^ a b Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Kosovo): After tragedy, justice?
- ^ "UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo - 9. Orahovac Municipality". Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- ^ "UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo - 5. Drenica Region". Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- ^ HRW 2001, p. 163, 168.
- ^ Bearak, Barry (6 May 1999). "CRISIS IN THE BALKANS: THE ATROCITIES; Kosovo Town's Tale of Betrayal and Massacre". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ HRW 2001, p. 167.
- ^ HRW 2001, pp. 168, 171.
- ^ a b HRW 2001, p. 173.
- ^ HRW 2001, p. 228.
- ^ HRW 2001, pp. 227–228.
- ^ Stojanovic, Milica. "Kosovo War Criminal Elected VP of Serbian Parliament". Genocide Watch.
- ^ HRW 2001, pp. 305–306.
- ^ HRW 2001, p. 307.
- ^ HRW 2001, pp. 205.
- ^ HRW 2001, pp. 244–259.
- ^ a b HRW 2001, p. 339.
- ^ Human Rights Watch (2001). "UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo". HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH.
One of the worst incidents in Pec took place on June 12 as Serbian and Yugoslav troops, as well as most of Pec's Serbian population, were preparing to leave Kosovo. In one house, armed forces believed to be members of the Munja militia group killed six members of one family, including children aged five, six, seven, twelve, and thirteen. Four people survived, one of them an eight-year-old boy who pretended he was dead. One man from the family was taken and later found dead.
- ^ United Nations (22 February 2002). Yearbook of the United Nations 1999. United Nations Publications. pp. 367–. ISBN 978-92-1-100856-2. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- ^ Yugoslav Survey 40, p. 120.
- ^ Review of International Affairs. Federation of Yugoslav Journalists. 2000. p. 76.
- ^ Gall, Carlotta (18 August 1999). "Shelling of a Serbian Village in Kosovo Kills 2". The New York Times.
- ^ "Godišnjica napada na Klokot - Medija centar". www.medijacentar.info (in Serbian). 16 August 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "Masakra e 3 dhe 4 shkurtit e vitit 2000 në veri të Mitrovicës". Prizren Post (in Albanian). 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
- ^ "3 dhe 4 shkurti 2000 - Masakra dhe dëbimi i shqiptarëve nga Mitrovica". Lëvizja VETËVENDOSJE! (in Albanian). 2023-02-03. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
- ^ Erma (2000-02-07). "Mitrovica ditë zie - (7 Shkurt 2000)". Tv Klan. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
- ^ Bouckaert, Peter (2004). "Failure to Protect: Anti-minority Violence in Kosovo, March 2004" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. 16 (6): 8. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Misterija smrti Stolića u Obiliću traje 19 godina, Unmik nudio 50.000 evra za informacije o ubistvu srpske porodice - Kosovo Online". www.kosovo-online.com (in Serbian). 4 June 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ^ "The anniversary of the murder of the Stolić family in Obilić, the killers are still at large - Kontakt Plus". radiokontaktplus.org. 4 June 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Sources
[edit]- Abrahams, Fred; Andersen, Elizabeth (1998). Humanitarian Law Violations in Kosovo. Human Rights Watch. pp. 30–32. ISBN 978-1-56432-194-7.
- Antonijević, Nenad (2009). Mirković, Jovan (ed.). Албански злочини над Србима на Косову и Метохији у Другом светском рату, документа, друго измењено и допуњено издање (PDF). Belgrade: Музеј жртава геноцида.
- Judah, Tim (2002) [2000]. Kosovo: War and Revenge. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09725-2.
- Krieger, Heike (2001). The Kosovo Conflict and International Law: An Analytical Documentation 1974-1999. Cambridge University Press. p. 96. ISBN 0-521-80071-4.
- HRW (2001). Under Orders: War Crimes in Kosovo. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-264-7.
- Mikić, Đorđe (1988). Društvene i ekonomske prilike kosovskih srba u XIX i početkom XX veka. SANU. ISBN 9788670250772.
- Yugoslav Survey. Vol. 40. Jugoslavija Publishing House. 1999.
External links
[edit]- OSCE: Kosovo/Kosova - As Seen, As Told, 1999
- Under Orders: War Crimes in Kosovo (Human Right Watch)
- ICTY: Indictment of Milutinović et al., "Kosovo", September 5 2002
- Report of the UN Secretary-General, January 31, 1999
- Photographic Evidence of Kosovo Genocide and Conflict
- SERBIAN MASSACRES BEFORE NATO AIRSTRIKES
- Kosovo Genocide: Massacres
- The Kosovo Cover-Up
- Kosovo massacre trial
- Judgment in the Vlastimir Djorjevic case, February 23, 2011