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Hindu festival dates The Hindu calendar is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day is uniquely identified by three calendar elements: māsa (lunar month), pakṣa (lunar fortnight) and tithi (lunar day). Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz. amānta / pūrṇimānta. If a festival falls in the waning phase of the moon, these two traditions identify the same lunar day as falling in two different (but successive) masa. A lunar year is shorter than a solar year by about eleven days. As a result, most Hindu festivals occur on different days in successive years on the Gregorian calendar. | |
Across the globe, Hindus celebrate a diverse number of festivals and celebrations, typically marking events from ancient India and often coinciding with seasonal changes.[1] These celebrations take place either on a fixed annual date on the solar calendar, or on a specific day of the lunisolar calendar. There is some regional variation with the observance of the festivals, and numerous festivals are primarily celebrated by specific sects or in certain regions of the Indian subcontinent.
Terminology
[edit]Dolu Utsava
[edit]Utsava is the Sanskrit word for festivals. The Sanskrit word Utsava comes from the word "ut" meaning "starts" and "sava" which means "Change" or "Decline".[2] Dolu Means seasonal colouring. Both solar and lunisolar calendar operates on the basis of Dolu Utsava.
Observance periods (tithi)
[edit]Hindu calendar dates are usually prescribed according to a lunisolar calendar. In Vedic timekeeping, a māsa is a lunar month, a pakṣa is a lunar fortnight and a tithi is a lunar day.
Two definitions of the lunar month prevail: amānta and pūrṇimānta (lunar month ending with new moon and full moon respectively). As a result, the same day may refer to belonging to different but adjoining months. If a festival occurs during śukla paksha, the two traditions assign it to the same month; if a festival occurs during kṛṣṇa paksha the two traditions assign it to different but adjoining months.
Festival | māsa | pakṣa | tithi | |
---|---|---|---|---|
amānta | pūrṇimānta | |||
Gudi Padwa/Ugadi | caitra | śukla | prathama | |
Rama Navami | caitra | śukla | navamī | |
Akshaya Tritiya | ||||
Guru Purnima | āṣādha | śukla | pūrima | |
Naga Panchami | ||||
Raksha Bandhan | śrāvaṇa | śukla | pūrima | |
Krishna Janmashtami | śrāvaṇa | bhādra | kṛṣṇa | aṣṭamī |
Ganesh Chaturthi | bhādra | śukla | caturthī | |
Ganesh Visarjan | bhādra | śukla | pūrima | |
Pitru Paksha begins | bhādra | āśvina | kṛṣṇa | prathama |
Pitru Paksha ends
Sarvapitru Amavasya |
bhādra | āśvina | kṛṣṇa | amāvasyā |
Navaratri begins | āśvina | śukla | prathama | |
Durga Ashtami
(8th day of Navaratri) |
āśvina | śukla | aṣṭamī | |
Maha Navami
(9th day of Navaratri) |
āśvina | śukla | navamī | |
Navaratri ends | āśvina | śukla | daśamī | |
Karva Chauth | āśvina | kārtika | kṛṣṇa | caturthī |
Diwali begins | āśvina | kārtika | kṛṣṇa | trayodaśī |
Naraka Chaturdashi
(2nd day of Diwali) |
āśvina | kārtika | kṛṣṇa | caturdaśī |
Deepavali / Lakshmi Puja
(3rd day of Diwali) |
āśvina | kārtika | kṛṣṇa | amāvasyā |
Annakut or Bali Padyami
(4th day of Diwali) |
kārtika | śukla | prathama | |
Diwali ends | kārtika | śukla | dvitīya | |
Vasant Panchami | magha | śukla | pañcamī | |
Maha Shivaratri | magha | phālguna | kṛṣṇa | caturdaśī |
Holika Dahan | phālguna | śukla | caturdaśī |
Sublists
[edit]- List of Hindu festivals in Punjab
- List of festivals observed at Jagannatha Temple, Puri
- List of Sindhi festivals
List and descriptions of major Hindu festivals
[edit]The tithi shown in the following list is as per the amānta tradition.
See also
[edit]- Hindu festival related concepts
Others
- Buddhist prayer beads
- Guru-shishya tradition
- Jain festivals
- Lists of festivals
- Puja (Buddhism)
- List of Hindu Empires and Dynasties
References
[edit]- ^ Gowda, Prabhu (8 August 2017). "10 Hindu Festivals You Should Know About". Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ Sivkishen (23 January 2015). Kingdom of Shiva. Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-81-288-3028-0. Archived from the original on 7 September 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
- ^ [1] Archived 15 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Post Jagran Article 15 January 2014
- ^ [2] Archived 15 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Pongalfestival.org.
- ^ Friedrichs, Kurt (1994). "Sarasvatī". In Schuhmacher, Stephan; Woerner, Gert (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen. Boston: Shambala. p. 306. ISBN 0-87773-980-3.
The goddess of ... scholarship ... She is also the patron of the arts, especially of music.
- ^ Kent, Alexandra. Divinity and Diversity: A Hindu Revitalization Movement in Malaysia. University of Hawaii Press, 2005. (ISBN 8791114896)
- ^ Hume, Lynne. Portals.
- ^ "Mahashivaratri Festival : Festival of Shivratri, Mahashivratri Festival India – Mahashivaratri Festival 2019". Mahashivratri.org. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ^ "Rama Navami – Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia". Hindupedia.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ^ "Story Behind Vishu Festival". www.vishufestival.org. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
- ^ "Hanuman Jayanti – Hanuman Jayanti 2018 Date – Celebrations in India". Indiaonlinepages.com. 31 March 2018. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ^ "Telangana Tourism – Visit for all reasons & all seasons". www.telanganatourism.gov.in. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
- ^ "About Bathukamma | Bathukamma – Telangana's Floral Festival". bathukamma.telangana.gov.in. Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
- ^ Rinehart, Robin; Rinehart, Robert (2004). Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-905-8.
- ^ Kumar, Ajith (14 December 2019). The Murder of Alexander the Great, Book 1: The Puranas: Book 1: The Puranas. Argead Star llc. ISBN 978-0-9990714-0-3.
- ^ "Janmashtami / Krishna Janmashtami : A hindu religious festival". Calendarlabs.com. 9 March 2018. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ^ "Indian Festivals". Webonautics.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ^ a b Kartar Singh Bhalla (2005), Let's Know Festivals of India, Star Publications, ISBN 978-81-7650-165-1,
... 'Karva Chauth' is a ritual of fasting celebrated by married women seeking longevity, ... married women in the northern and western parts of India, especially Delhi, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Rajashtan, Punjab, vJammu, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand ... eat a little food before sunrise and start the fast ... After the moon rises ... finally, break their fast ...
[page needed] - ^ S. K. Rait (2005), women in England: their religious and cultural beliefs and social practices, Trentham Books, ISBN 978-1-85856-353-4,
... Karva Chauth, a fast kept to secure the long life of husbands, was popular among women ...
- ^ "Makar Sankranti Top 10 Facts You should know about". 13 February 2020.
... Hindu women Friday celebrated Karva Chauth in the city. The minority arranges different functions in the city to mark the day where women collectively sighted the moon and broke their fast ...
- ^ Kumar, Anu (21 October 2007). "A Hungry Heart". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ^ Subhashini Aryan (1993), Crafts of Himachal PradeshLiving traditions of India, Mapin, ISBN 978-0-944142-46-2,
... Karva Chauth, when all married women universally fast a small pot, Karva, is required ...
- ^ Anne Mackenzie Pearson (1996), Because it gives me peace of mind: ritual fasts in the religious lives of Hindu women (McGill studies in the history of religions), SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-7914-3038-5,
... Karva Chauth seems to be in western Uttar Pradesh ...
External links
[edit]- Festivals, Ministry of Culture