"Congress made clear that citizen groups are not to be treated as nuisances or troublemakers, but rather as welcomed participants in the vindication of environmental interests."

The four bridges in which federal funds were invested are: Manhattan $70,000,000 300,000 6,800,000 1,300,000 149.

A SIP, "once adopted by a state and approved by the EPA, becomes controlling and must be carried out by the state."

—holding that the Clean Air Act does not empower either the EPA or the state to delay the approved plan's strategies through negotiation, formal or otherwise, adding: "Negotiations are no substitute for enforcement and for timely compliance with the Plan's mandated strategies

This section does not require compliance with federal standing requirements such as the injury in fact test enumerated in Sierra Club.

Such guidelines are too dependent upon political concerns and are either tailored too narrowly, fitting only the quired to balance the reason for the exercise against the extent of usurpation of state policy-making or invasion of integral state functions that would result, giving "appropriate recognition to the legitimate concerns of each government." 634 F. 2d at 29

See aIsoJEFFREY G. MILLER, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW INSTITUTE, CITI-ZEN SUITS: PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT OF FEDERAL POLLUTION CONTROL LAwS (1987).

—an enforcement order could be issued where a citizen presented sufficient evidence that New York State had not implemented its Transportation Control Plan which had received approval by the EPA

"14 The Court noted with approval the many lower court decisions recognizing authority in Congress to pass a broad range of environmental statutes under the Commerce Clause.

Thus, the Act seeks to encourage citizen participation, rather than treat it as a curiosity or a theoretical remedy.

[PDF] Umpiring Agency Action Under National League Rules: Chaney v. Heckler

[PDF] LABOR V. SAN ANTONIO MTA, ET AL.

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