Vilém or Vilem is Czech form of Germanic name William. It may refer to:
- Vilém Blodek (1834–1874), Czech composer, flautist, and pianist
- Vilém Dušan Lambl (1824–1895), Czech physician
- Vilém Flusser (1920–1991), philosopher born in Czechoslovakia
- Vilém Gajdušek (1895–1977), Czech optician and prominent telescope designer
- Vilém Goppold, Jr. (born 1893, date of death unknown), a Bohemian Olympic fencer
- Vilém Goppold von Lobsdorf (1869–1943), Bohemian fencer and olympic medalist in sabre competition
- Vilém Heš (1860–1908), Czech operatic bass
- Vilém Heckel (1918–1970), Czech photographer
- Vilém Klíma (1906–1985), Czech electrical engineer
- Vilém Kurz (1872–1945), Czech pianist, piano teacher, professor
- Vilém Loos (1895–1942), Czechoslovak ice hockey player
- Vilém Lugr (1911–1981), Czech footballer and football manager
- Vilém Mandlík, Olympic 200 metre semi-finalist for Czechoslovakia in 1956
- Vilém Mathesius (1882–1945), Czech linguist and literary historian
- Vilém Petrželka (1889–1967), Czech composer and conductor
- Vilém Prusinovský z Víckova (1534–1572), Olomouc Bishop
- Vilem Slavata of Chlum (1572–1652), Czech nobleman from old Bohemian family
- Vilem Sokol (born 1915), professor of music at the University of Washington
- Vilém Tauský CBE (born 1910), Czech conductor and composer
- Vilém Tvrzský (born 1880), Olympic fencer