Soyuz-T

Soyuz-T spacecraft
Manufacturer	Korolev
Country of origin	USSR
Operator	Soviet space program
Applications	Carry three cosmonauts to Salyut and Mir space stations and back
Specifications
Regime	Low Earth orbit
Production
Status	Out of service
Launched	18
Maiden launch	4 April 1978 (Kosmos 1001)
Last launch	16 March 1986 (Soyuz T-15)
Related spacecraft
Derived from	Soyuz 7K-TM (Soyuz 7K-T) Military Soyuz
Derivatives	Soyuz-TM

The Soyuz-T (Russian: Союз-T, Union-T) spacecraft was the third generation Soyuz spacecraft, in service for seven years from 1979 to 1986. The T stood for transport (транспортный, Transportny). The revised spacecraft incorporated lessons learned from the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, Soyuz 7K-TM and Military Soyuz.

The Soyuz-T was a major upgrade over previous Soyuz spacecraft, sporting solid-state electronics for the first time and a much more advanced onboard computer to help overcome the chronic docking problems that affected cosmonauts during space station missions. In addition, solar panels returned, allowing the Soyuz-T to fly up to 11 days independently as well as a redesigned propulsion system, the KTDU-426. Finally, it could carry three cosmonauts with pressure suits.

Missions[edit]

Mission	Crew	Notes	Duration
Kosmos 1001	None	[1]	11 days
Kosmos 1074	None	Last Soyuz spacecraft with a Kosmos designation[1]	60 days
Soyuz T-1	None	Uncrewed test flight to Salyut 6[1]	100 days
Soyuz T-2	Yury Malyshev Vladimir Aksyonov	Crewed test flight. Delivered the EP-6 crew to Salyut 6[2]	4 days
Soyuz T-3	Leonid Kizim Oleg Makarov Gennady Strekalov	Delivered the EO-5 crew to Salyut 6. First Soyuz mission with a three cosmonaut crew since the fatal flight of Soyuz 11[3]	13 days
Soyuz T-4	Vladimir Kovalyonok Viktor Savinykh	Delivered the EO-6 crew to Salyut 6[4]	75 days
Soyuz T-5	Anatoli Berezovoy Valentin Lebedev	Delivered the EO-1 crew to Salyut 7. Both Berezovoy and Lebedev returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-7 after 211 days in space[5]	106 days
Soyuz T-6	Vladimir Dzhanibekov Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Jean-Loup Chrétien	Delivered the EP-1 crew to Salyut 7. Chrétien becomes the first French citizen in space[6]	8 days
Soyuz T-7	Leonid Popov Aleksandr Serebrov Svetlana Savitskaya	Delivered the EP-2 crew to Salyut 7. Savitskaya becomes the second woman in space after Valentina Tereshkova in 1963. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-5 after 8 days in space[7]	113 days
Soyuz T-8	Vladimir Titov Gennady Strekalov Aleksandr Serebrov	Failed to reach Salyut 7 after its Igla docking system was damaged during launch[8]	2 days
Soyuz T-9	Vladimir Lyakhov Aleksandr Aleksandrov	Delivered the EO-2 crew to Salyut 7[9]	149 days
Soyuz T-10-1	Vladimir Titov Gennadi Strekalov	Failed to reach Salyut 7 after its carrier rocket caught fire and exploded, thus activating its launch escape system[10]	5 minutes and 13 seconds
Soyuz T-10	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Oleg Atkov	Delivered the EO-3 crew to Salyut 7. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-11 after 237 days in space[11]	63 days
Soyuz T-11	Yuri Malyshev Gennady Strekalov Rakesh Sharma	Delivered the EP-3 crew to Salyut 7. Sharma becomes first Indian citizen in space. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-10 after 8 days in space[12]	182 days
Soyuz T-12	Vladimir Dzhanibekov Svetlana Savitskaya Igor Volk	Delivered the EP-4 crew to Salyut 7[13]	12 days
Soyuz T-13	Vladimir Dzhanibekov Viktor Savinykh	Delivered the EO-4a crew to Salyut 7. Repaired the crippled station during their stay. Savinykh returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-14 after 168 days in space[14]	112 days
Soyuz T-14	Vladimir Vasyutin Georgi Grechko Alexander Volkov	Delivered the EO-4b and EP-5 crew to Salyut 7. Grechko returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-13 after 9 days in space. Mission ended prematurely after Vasyutin fell ill aboard the station[15]	65 days
Soyuz T-15	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov	Delivered the EO-5/1 crew to Salyut 7 and Mir. Only crewed spaceflight to visit two space stations simultaneously[16]	125 days

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• RSC Energia: Concept Of Russian Manned Space Navigation Development
• Mir Hardware Heritage
  • David S.F. Portree, Mir Hardware Heritage, NASA RP-1357, 1995
  • Mir Hardware Heritage (wikisource)
• Information on Soyuz spacecraft
• OMWorld's ASTP Docking Trainer Page
• NASA - Russian Soyuz TMA Spacecraft Details
• Space Adventures circum-lunar mission - details